Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev - Masanin kimiyyar Rasha, ilmin kimiya, kimiyyar lissafi, ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya, masanin tattalin arziki, masanin kimiyyar kasa, masanin kimiyyar kasa, masanin yanayi, man fetur, malami, jirgin sama da kera kayan aiki. M Memba na Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Daga cikin shahararrun binciken shine dokar lokaci zuwa lokaci game da abubuwan sunadarai (duba abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da ilmin sunadarai).
Tarihin rayuwar Dmitry Mendeleev yana cike da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa waɗanda suka shafi rayuwarsa da kuma ilimin kimiyya.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Mendeleev.
Tarihin rayuwar Dmitry Mendeleev
An haifi Dmitry Mendeleev a ranar 27 ga Janairu (8 ga Fabrairu) 1834 a Tobolsk. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin dangin Ivan Pavlovich, darektan makarantu da yawa na Tobolsk. A cikin 1840s, Mendeleev Sr. ya karɓi mban yaudarar da ke cikin gidansa.
Mahaifiyar Dmitry, Maria Dmitrievna, mace ce mai ilimi wacce take da hannu wajen renon yara. A cikin dangin Mendeleev, an haifi yara 14 (a cewar wasu kafofin 17), inda ƙarami shine Dmitry. Abin lura ne cewa yara 8 sun mutu tun suna jarirai.
Yara da samari
Lokacin da Mendeleev yake da shekaru 10 kawai, ya rasa mahaifinsa, wanda ya makance gab da mutuwa kafin ya mutu.
Wannan shine asara ta farko a tarihin rayuwar masanin kimiyyar nan gaba.
A lokacin karatunsa a dakin motsa jiki, Dmitry ba shi da kyakkyawar kwarewar ilimi, yana karɓar maki mai zurfi a fannoni da yawa. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman batutuwa a gare shi shine Latin.
Duk da haka, mahaifiyarsa ta taimaka wa yaron ya ƙaunaci ilimin kimiyya, wanda daga baya ya dauke shi ya yi karatu a St. Petersburg.
Tun yana dan shekara 16, Dmitry Mendeleev ya samu nasarar cin jarabawa a babbar Cibiyar koyar da ilimin koyarwa a sashen Kimiyyar Halittu na Kimiyyar lissafi da Lissafi.
A wannan lokacin, saurayin yana karatu sosai har ma yana buga labarin "A kan isomorphism." A sakamakon haka, ya sauke karatu daga makarantar da girmamawa.
Kimiyyar
A cikin 1855 an nada Dmitry Mendeleev babban malamin kimiyyar dabi'a a dakin motsa jiki na maza na Simferopol. Bayan ya yi aiki a nan ƙasa da shekara ɗaya, ya koma Odessa, inda ya sami aiki a matsayin malami a kwalejin koyar da fasaha.
Sannan Mendeleev ya kare rubutun nasa a kan "Tsarin siliki", wanda ya bashi damar yin lacca. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sake kare wani rubutun kuma an nada shi mataimakin farfesa na jami'a.
A cikin 1859 aka aika Dmitry Ivanovich zuwa Jamus. A can ya karanci magudanan ruwa, sannan kuma ya buga labaran kimiyya da yawa kan batutuwa daban-daban. Bayan shekaru 2, ya koma St. Petersburg.
A 1861 Mendeleev ya wallafa littafin "Organic Chemistry", wanda ya sami kyautar Demidov.
Kowace rana shahararren masanin kimiyyar Rasha ya kasance yana da girma sosai. Tuni yana da shekaru 30, ya zama farfesa, kuma bayan 'yan shekaru sai aka ɗora masa alhakin shugaban sashen.
A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, Dmitry Mendeleev ya shagaltu da ayyukan karantarwa, sannan kuma ya yi aiki tuƙuru a kan "Tushen Chemistry". A cikin 1869, ya gabatar da jadawalin abubuwan yau da kullun ga duniyar kimiyya, wanda ya ba shi daraja a duniya.
Da farko, tebur na lokaci-lokaci yana dauke da kwayar zarra na abubuwa 9 kawai. Daga baya, an ƙara rukunin gas masu daraja a ciki. A cikin teburin, zaku iya ganin yawancin ƙwayoyin wofi don abubuwan da ba a buɗe ba tukuna.
A cikin 1890s, masanin ya bayar da gagarumar gudummawa wajen gano irin wannan lamarin kamar - radioactivity. Ya kuma yi karatu da haɓaka ka'idar ruwa game da mafita tare da sha'awa.
Ba da daɗewa ba Mendeleev ya zama mai sha'awar nazarin yanayin sassauƙan gas, sakamakon haka ya sami damar samun daidaitaccen gas.
A wancan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, masanin ilimin sunadarai ya kirkiro wani tsari na rarraba kayayyakin mai, tare da amfani da tankoki da bututun mai. Saboda wannan, ba a amfani da ƙone mai a cikin murhu.
A wannan lokacin, Mendeleev ya faɗi sanannen jumlarsa: "oilone mai daidai yake da dafa murhu da takardun kuɗi."
Yankin Dmitry Ivanovich shima ya haɗa da labarin ƙasa. Ya kirkiro wani barometer-altimeter mai banbanci, wanda aka gabatar dashi a ɗayan majalisun dokokin ƙasar a Faransa.
Abin mamaki ne cewa a lokacin da yake shekara 53, masanin ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin jirgin balan-balan a cikin yanayin sama, saboda kiyaye kusufin rana gaba daya.
Bayan 'yan shekaru kaɗan, Mendeleev ya yi rikici mai girma da ɗayan mashahuran jami'ai. Sakamakon haka, ya yanke shawarar barin jami'a.
A cikin 1892 Dmitry Mendeleev ya ƙirƙira fasaha don cire fure mai hayaki. A cikin layi daya tare da wannan, ya tsunduma cikin lissafin ma'aunin ma'aunin Rasha da Ingilishi. Yawancin lokaci, tare da ƙaddamarwarsa, an gabatar da tsarin awo na matakan zaɓi.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1905-1907. An zabi Mendeleev a matsayin dan takarar kyautar Nobel. A cikin 1906, kwamitin Nobel ya ba da kyautar ga wani masanin kimiyya na Rasha, amma Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ba ta tabbatar da wannan shawarar ba.
A cikin shekarun rayuwarsa, Dmitry Mendeleev ya buga ayyuka sama da 1,500. Saboda gagarumar gudummawar da ya bayar wajen ci gaban ilimin duniya, an ba shi lambar yabo da lakabobi masu yawa.
Masanin ilimin sunadarai ya zama memba mai girmamawa na ƙungiyoyin kimiyya daban-daban a cikin Rasha da ƙasashen waje.
Rayuwar mutum
A cikin samartakarsa, Dmitry ya sadu da wata yarinya Sophia, wacce ya santa tun suna yara. Daga baya, matasa sun yanke shawarar yin aure, amma jim kaɗan kafin bikin auren, yarinyar ta ƙi sauka daga kan hanya. Amaryar ta ji cewa ba ta da daraja a canza komai a rayuwa idan ta riga ta kasance kyakkyawa.
Daga baya Mendeleev ya fara kula da Feozva Leshcheva, wanda ya san shi tun suna yara. A sakamakon haka, ma'auratan sun yi aure a 1862, kuma shekara ta gaba sun sami yarinya mai suna Maria.
Bayan wannan, har yanzu suna da ɗa, Vladimir, da 'yarsa, Olga.
Dmitry Mendeleev ya ƙaunaci yara, amma, saboda yawan aikinsa, ba zai iya ba da lokaci mai yawa a gare su ba. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan auren da wuya ya yi farin ciki.
A cikin 1876 Mendeleev ya zama mai sha'awar Anna Popova. A wancan lokacin, mutumin ya riga ya cika shekaru 42, yayin da masoyin nasa bai kai shekara 16 ba. Chemist ya sadu da yarinyar a lokacin "ranar Juma'a ta samari", wanda ya shirya a gidansa.
Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne cewa irin wadannan tarurrukan na Juma'a galibi mashahurai sun halarta, ciki har da Ilya Repin, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Ivan Shishkin da sauran masu fada a ji a al'adu.
Dmitry da Anna sun halatta dangantakar su a cikin 1881. A cikin wannan auren, sun sami yarinya, Lyubov, yaro, Ivan, da tagwaye, Vasily da Maria. Daga baya tare da matarsa ta biyu, Mendeleev ya koya duk abubuwan jin daɗin rayuwar aure.
Daga baya, mawaƙi Alexander Blok ya zama surukin Mendeleev, wanda ya auri 'yarsa Lyubov.
Mutuwa
A lokacin hunturu na 1907, yayin taron kasuwanci tare da Ministan Masana'antu, Dmitry Filosofov, Mendeleev ya kamu da mummunan sanyi. Ba da daɗewa ba sanyi ya zama huhu, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar babban masanin Rasha.
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Janairu (2 ga Fabrairu) 1907 yana da shekara 72.
Shekaru da yawa bayan mutuwar mai ilimin sunadarai, wani sabon abu a lamba ta 101 ya bayyana a cikin tebur na zamani, wanda aka sa masa suna - Mendelevium (Md).
