Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (1883-1973) - Shugaban sojan Soviet, daya daga cikin marshals na farko na Tarayyar Soviet, sau uku Jarumin Tarayyar Soviet, cikakken mai riƙe da St George Cross da St. George Medal na dukkan digiri.
Babban kwamanda na Sojan Ruwa na Farko na Red Army a lokacin Yakin Basasa, daya daga cikin manyan masu shirya jan dawakai. Sojojin Sojan Runduna na farko an san su da sunan gama gari "Budennovtsy".
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Budyonny, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Semyon Budyonny.
Tarihin rayuwar Budyonny
An haifi Semyon Budyonny a ranar 13 ga Afrilu (25), 1883 a gonar Kozyurin (yanzu Rostov Region). Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin babban dangin baƙauye na Mikhail Ivanovich da Melania Nikitovna.
Yara da samari
Lokacin hunturu na yunwa na 1892 ya tilastawa shugaban dangin bashi daga wani dan kasuwa, amma Budyonny Sr. bata iya mayar da kudin akan lokaci ba. A sakamakon haka, mai ba da bashin ya ba da bawan har ya ba shi ɗansa Semyon a matsayin ɗan kwadago na shekara 1.
Mahaifin baya son yarda da irin wannan neman wulakancin, amma kuma bai ga wata mafita ba. Yana da kyau a lura cewa yaron bai yi fushi da iyayensa ba, amma akasin haka, yana son taimaka musu, sakamakon abin da ya shiga bawan ɗan kasuwa.
Bayan shekara guda, Semyon Budyonny bai sake komawa gidansa ba, yana ci gaba da yi wa mai shi hidima. Bayan 'yan shekaru sai aka tura shi ya taimaki maƙerin. A wannan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwar, marshal na gaba ya fahimci cewa idan bai sami ilimin da ya dace ba, zai yi wa wani aiki har ƙarshen rayuwarsa.
Matashin ya yarda da magatakardar dan kasuwar cewa idan ya koya masa karatu da rubutu, to, shi kuma, zai yi masa duk ayyukan gidan. Ya kamata a lura cewa a ƙarshen mako, Semyon ya dawo gida, yana ɓata lokacinsa na kyauta tare da dangi na kusa.
Budyonny Sr. ya taka rawa sosai a cikin balalaika, yayin da Semyon ya ƙware da wasa da jituwa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a nan gaba Stalin zai sake maimaita shi ya yi "The Lady".
Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan sha'awar Semyon Budyonny shine tseren dawakai. Tun yana dan shekara 17, ya zama zakaran gasar da aka yi daidai da zuwan Ministan Yaki a ƙauyen. Ministan ya yi mamaki matuka da cewa saurayin ya riski gogaggen Cossacks a kan dawakai har ya ba shi ruble na azurfa.
Ba da daɗewa ba Budyonny ya canza sana'a da yawa, bayan ya sami damar yin aiki a masussuka, mai kashe gobara da mashin. A ƙarshen 1903, an sanya mutumin a cikin aikin soja.
Aikin soja
A wannan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Semyon ya kasance cikin sojojin Sojan Sama a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Bayan ya biya bashin bashinsa, ya ci gaba da aiki na dogon lokaci. Ya shiga Yaƙin Russo-Japan (1904-1905), yana nuna kansa jarumi ne.
A cikin 1907, an aika Budyonny, a matsayin mafi kyawun mahayi a cikin rundunar, zuwa St. Petersburg. Anan ya kware akan hawan dawakai harma mafi kyau, bayan ya kammala horo a Makarantar Sojan Doki. Shekarar da ta gabata ya dawo zuwa ga Primorsky Dragoon Regiment.
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko (1914-1918) Semyon Budyonny ya ci gaba da yaƙi a fagen yaƙi a matsayinsa na jami’in da ba kwamanda ba. Saboda ƙarfin gwiwa, an ba shi lambar yabo ta St George's Crosses da lambobin yabo na duka digiri 4.
Mutumin ya karɓi ɗaya daga cikin giciyen St. George saboda ya iya ɗaukar fursuna wani babban ayarin Jamusawa tare da wadataccen abinci. Yana da kyau a lura cewa a cikin kawar da Budyonny akwai mayaka 33 ne kawai wadanda suka sami damar kama jirgin tare da kame kusan Jamusawa masu dauke da muggan makamai 200.
A cikin tarihin Semyon Mikhailovich akwai wani lamari mai ban sha'awa wanda zai iya zama masifa a gare shi. Wata rana, wani babban hafsa ya fara zaginsa har ma ya doke shi a fuska.
Budyonny bai iya kame kansa ba kuma ya mayar da shi ga mai laifin, sakamakon haka babban abin kunya ya ɓarke. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an hana shi 1st StGeorge Cross kuma an tsawata masa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa bayan 'yan watanni Semyon ya sami damar dawo da kyautar don wani aiki mai nasara.
A tsakiyar 1917, an sauya mahayan zuwa Minsk, inda aka ba shi amanar shugaban kwamitin mulkin. Sannan shi, tare da Mikhail Frunze, sun sarrafa aikin kwance damarar sojojin Lavr Kornilov.
Lokacin da Bolsheviks suka hau mulki, Budyonny ya kafa ƙungiyar sojojin doki, waɗanda suka shiga yaƙe-yaƙe tare da fararen fata. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba da yin aiki a farkon mulkin mallaka na sojan doki.
Bayan lokaci, sun fara amincewa da Semyon don ba da umarnin ƙara yawan sojoji. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ya jagoranci ɗayan ƙungiyoyi, yana jin daɗin babban iko tare da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin sa da kwamandoji. A karshen 1919, an kafa kungiyar dawakai karkashin jagorancin Budyonny.
Wannan rukunin ya sami nasarar yaƙi da sojojin Wrangel da Denikin, bayan ya sami nasarar yaƙe-yaƙe masu mahimmanci. A ƙarshen yakin basasa, Semyon Mikhailovich ya sami damar yin abin da yake so. Ya gina kamfanonin dawakai, wadanda suke aikin kiwo.
A sakamakon haka, ma'aikata sun haɓaka sababbin nau'in - "Budennovskaya" da "Terskaya". A shekarar 1923, mutumin ya zama mataimaki ga babban kwamandan Red Army don mahayan dawakai. A shekarar 1932 ya kammala karatun sa a makarantar koyon aikin soja. Frunze, kuma bayan shekaru 3 aka bashi lambar girmamawa ta Marshal na Tarayyar Soviet.
Duk da ikon da ba za a iya musantawa na Budyonny ba, akwai mutane da yawa da suka zarge shi da cin amanar abokan aikinsa. Don haka, a cikin 1937 ya kasance mai goyon bayan harbin Bukharin da Rykov. Sannan ya goyi bayan harbin Tukhachevsky da Rudzutak, yana mai kiransu 'yan iska.
A jajibirin Yakin Patan Patasa (1941-1945) Semyon Budyonny ya zama mataimakin kwamiti na farko na tsaron USSR. Ya ci gaba da shelar mahimmancin sojan doki a gaba da tasirinsa wajen juya kai hare-hare.
A ƙarshen 1941, an ƙirƙiri sama da rundunar mahaya 80. Bayan wannan, Semyon Budyonny ya umarci sojojin kudu maso yamma da Kudancin gaba, wadanda suka kare Ukraine.
A kan umurninsa, tashar fashewar wutar lantarki ta Dnieper ta tarwatse a cikin Zaporozhye. Aƙan raƙuman ruwa na kwararar ruwa ya haifar da mutuwar adadi mai yawa na fascist. Koyaya, yawancin Sojojin Red Army da fararen hula sun mutu. Kayan aikin masana'antu ma sun lalace.
Masu rubutun tarihin marshal har yanzu suna jayayya game da ko ayyukansa sun yi daidai. Daga baya, an sanya Budyonny ya ba da umarnin yin umurni ga Reserve Front. Kuma kodayake yana cikin wannan matsayin ƙasa da wata ɗaya, gudummawar da ya bayar don kare Moscow ya kasance mai mahimmanci.
A karshen yakin, mutumin ya dukufa wajen bunkasa ayyukan noma da kiwo a jihar. Shi, kamar yadda ya gabata, ya mai da hankali sosai ga masana'antar doki. An kira dokin da ya fi so Sophist, wanda yake da ƙawancen Semyon Mikhailovich sosai har ya ƙaddara kusantar sa ta hanyar sautin injin mota.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine bayan mutuwar mai shi, Sophist yayi kuka kamar mutum. Ba wai kawai nau'in dawakai aka sanya wa suna sanannen marshal ba, har ma da sanannen adon - budenovka.
Wani fasali na Semyon Budyonny shine gashin baki na "marmari". A cewar wani fasali, a cikin samartakarsa gashin baki daya na Budyonny ana zargin "ya yi furfura" saboda bargon bindiga. Bayan wannan, mutumin da farko ya sanya gashin baki, sannan kuma ya yanke shawarar aske su gaba daya.
Lokacin da Joseph Stalin ya sami labarin wannan, sai ya tsayar da Budyonny ta hanyar zolaya yana cewa ba gashin kansa bane yanzu, amma gashin baki ne na jama'a. Ko wannan gaskiya ne ba a sani ba, amma wannan labarin ya shahara sosai. Kamar yadda kuka sani, yawancin kwamandojin Red an danne su, amma har yanzu marshal ya ci gaba da rayuwa.
Hakanan akwai labari game da wannan. Lokacin da "bakin baƙi" ya zo Semyon Budyonny, ana zargin ya fitar da saber ya tambaya "Wanene na farko?!"
Lokacin da aka ba da rahoton Stalin game da dabarar kwamandan, sai ya yi dariya kawai kuma ya yaba Budyonny. Bayan wannan, babu wanda ya dame mutumin kuma.
Amma akwai wani sigar, bisa ga abin da mahaya dokin ya fara harbi kan "baƙi" daga bindiga. Sun tsorata kuma nan da nan suka kai ƙara Stalin. Bayan ya sami labarin abin da ya faru, Janarissimo ya ba da umarnin kada a taɓa Budyonny, yana mai cewa "tsohon wawa ba shi da haɗari."
Rayuwar mutum
Semyon Mikhailovich ya yi aure sau uku a tsawon tarihinsa. Matarsa ta farko ita ce Nadezhda Ivanovna. Yarinyar ta mutu a shekarar 1925 sakamakon rashin kulawa da bindigogi.
Mace ta biyu na Budyonny ita ce mawakiyar opera Olga Stefanovna. Abin sha'awa shine, ta kasance shekaru 20 da ƙarancin mijinta. Tana da litattafai da yawa tare da baƙi daban-daban, wanda a sakamakon hakan ta kasance ƙarƙashin kulawar jami'an NKVD.
An tsare Olga a cikin 1937 bisa zargin leken asiri da yunƙurin ba da gubar marshal. An tilasta mata ta bayar da shaida a kan Semyon Budyonny, bayan haka an tura ta zuwa sansanin. An saki matar ne kawai a cikin 1956 tare da taimakon Budyonny da kansa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa a lokacin rayuwar Stalin, marshal ya yi tunanin cewa matarsa ba ta da rai, tunda wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ayyukan asirin Soviet suka ba shi. Daga bisani, ya taimaka wa Olga ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
A karo na uku, Budyonny ya gangara hanya tare da Maria, ɗan uwan matar ta biyu. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ya girmi zaɓaɓensa shekaru 33, wanda yake ƙaunarsa sosai. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, ma'auratan suna da yarinya, Nina, da yara maza biyu, Sergei da Mikhail.
Mutuwa
Semyon Budyonny ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1973 yana da shekara 90. Dalilin mutuwarsa shi ne zubar jini a kwakwalwa. An binne marshal ta Soviet a bangon Kremlin akan Red Square.
Budyonny Hotuna
