Giyakuma aka sani da Hitler's putch ko juyin mulkin Hitler da Ludendorff - yunƙurin juyin mulkin da 'yan Nazi suka yi karkashin jagorancin Adolf Hitler a ranar 8 da 9 na Nuwamba Nuwamba 1923 a Munich. A arangamar da aka yi tsakanin ‘yan Nazi da‘ yan sanda a tsakiyar gari, an kashe ‘yan Nazi 16 da‘ yan sanda 4.
Juyin mulkin ya ja hankalin mutanen Jamusawa zuwa ga Hitler, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 5 a kurkuku. Adadin labarai na farko a jaridu a duk duniya an sadaukar dashi ne.
An sami Hitler da laifin cin amanar kasa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 5 a kurkuku. A ƙarshe (a Landsberg) ya faɗi maƙwabtan sa wani ɓangare na littafinsa "Gwagwarmaya na".
A karshen 1924, bayan ya kwashe watanni 9 a kurkuku, an saki Hitler. Rashin nasarar juyin mulkin ya gamsar da shi cewa mutum na iya hawa kan mulki ne ta hanyar hanyar doka, ta amfani da duk wata hanyar farfaganda.
Sharuɗɗa don putch
A watan Janairun 1923 Jamus ta tsunduma cikin babbar rikicin da mamayar Faransa ta haifar. Yarjejeniyar Versailles ta 1919 ta sanya wa Jamus nauyi na biyan diyya ga ƙasashe masu nasara. Faransa ta ƙi yin duk wani sulhu, tana kira ga Jamusawa da su biya makuddan kudade.
Idan aka sami jinkiri game da biyan diyya, sojojin Faransa sun sha shiga kasashen Jamusawa da ba su da su. A cikin 1922, jihohin da suka yi nasara sun amince su karɓi kaya (ƙarfe, ƙarafa, katako, da sauransu) maimakon kuɗi. A farkon shekara mai zuwa, Faransawa sun zargi Jamus da yin jinkiri da gangan da kayan, bayan haka suka tura sojoji zuwa yankin Ruhr.
Wadannan da sauran abubuwan da suka faru sun haifar da bacin rai a tsakanin Jamusawa, yayin da gwamnati ta bukaci 'yan kasarta da su daidaita abin da ke faruwa kuma su ci gaba da biyan diyya. Wannan ya haifar da tsunduma kasar cikin yajin aikin sai-baba-ta-gani.
Lokaci zuwa lokaci Jamusawa sukan kaiwa mamaya mamaya, sakamakon haka sukan gudanar da ayyukan ladabtarwa. Ba da daɗewa ba, hukumomin Bavaria, waɗanda shugabanta, Gustav von Kara ya wakilta, sun ƙi yin biyayya ga Berlin. Kari kan haka, sun ki kama manyan mashahuran shugabanni 3 na kungiyoyin masu dauke da makamai da rufe gidan jaridar NSDAP Völkischer Beobachter.
A sakamakon haka, 'yan Nazi sun kulla kawance da gwamnatin Bavaria. A cikin Berlin, an fassara wannan a matsayin tarzomar soja, sakamakon haka aka gargaɗi 'yan tawaye, ciki har da Hitler da magoya bayansa cewa za a murƙushe duk wani adawa da ƙarfi.
Hitler ya bukaci shugabannin Bavaria - Kara, Lossov da Seiser, da su yi tattaki zuwa Berlin, ba tare da jiran su je Munich ba. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayin ya ƙi ƙarfi. A sakamakon haka, Adolf Hitler ya yanke shawarar yin aiki kai tsaye. Ya shirya yin garkuwa da von Kara tare da tilasta shi ya goyi bayan yakin.
Giya na giya yana farawa
A yammacin 8 ga Nuwamba, 1923, Kar, Lossow da Seiser suka isa Munich don yin baje kolin a gaban Bavaria a cikin babban zauren giya "Bürgerbreukeller". Kimanin mutane 3000 ne suka zo don sauraron shugabannin.
Lokacin da Kar ya fara jawabinsa, kimanin jirgin sama na kai hari 600 SA sun kewaye zauren, sun kafa bindigogi a kan titi sannan suka nuna su a bakin kofofin. A wannan lokacin, Hitler da kansa ya tsaya a ƙofar tare da gilashin giya da aka ɗaga.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Adolf Hitler ya gudu zuwa tsakiyar zauren, ya hau kan teburin ya harbi silin ɗin ya ce: "Juyin mulkin ƙasa ya fara!" 'Yan kallon da suka taru sun kasa fahimtar yadda ake nuna halayya, sun fahimci cewa daruruwan mutane dauke da makamai ne suka kewaye su.
Hitler ya sanar da cewa an tumbuke dukkan gwamnatocin Jamusawa, gami da ta Bavaria. Ya kuma kara da cewa Reichswehr da 'yan sanda sun riga sun shiga cikin' yan Nazi. Sannan masu magana uku sun kulle a ɗayan ɗakunan, inda babban Nazi daga baya ya zo.
Lokacin da Kar, Lossow da Seiser suka sami labarin cewa Hitler ya nemi goyon bayan Janar Ludendorff, gwarzo na Yaƙin Duniya na Farko (1914-1918), sai suka goyi bayan Socialan gurguzu. Bugu da kari, sun ce a shirye suke su goyi bayan shawarar yin maci zuwa Berlin.
A sakamakon haka, an nada von Kar sarautar Bavaria, da Ludendorff - babban kwamandan askarawan Jamusawa (Reichswehr). Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce Adolf da kansa ya ayyana kansa a matsayin shugabar masarauta. Kamar yadda ya bayyana daga baya, Kar ya wallafa sanarwa, inda ya sake kan dukkan alkawuran da aka ce "da bindiga."
Ya kuma ba da umarnin wargaza NSDAP da masu kai harin. A wancan lokacin, jirgin saman da aka kai harin ya riga ya mamaye hedikwatar sojojin kasa a Ma'aikatar Yaki, amma da daddare sojojin na yau da kullun suka fatattake su, wadanda suka ci gaba da yin biyayya ga gwamnati mai ci.
A cikin wannan halin, Ludendorff ya ba da shawarar cewa Hitler ya mamaye tsakiyar garin, yana fatan cewa ikonsa zai taimaka wajen yaudarar sojoji da jami'an tsaro zuwa bangaren Nazis.
Maris a Munich
A safiyar ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 'yan Nazi da suka hallara suka nufi tsakiyar dandalin Munich. Sun nemi kawar da kawanyar daga ma'aikatar tare da mayar da ita karkashin ikonsu. Hitler, Ludendorff da Goering sun kasance gabanin jerin gwanon.
Babban arangama tsakanin 'yan sa-kai da' yan sanda ya faru ne a dandalin Odeonsplatz. Kuma duk da cewa yawan ‘yan sanda ya ninka kasa da sau 20, amma suna da makamai sosai. Adolf Hitler ya umarci ’yan sanda su miƙa wuya, amma sun ƙi yi masa biyayya.
An fara harbe-harbe na jini, inda aka kashe 'yan Nazi 16 da jami'an' yan sanda 4. Yawancin masu sanya jiki, gami da Goering, sun ji rauni zuwa matakai daban-daban.
Hitler, tare da magoya bayansa, sun yi ƙoƙarin tserewa, yayin da Ludendorff ya kasance tsaye a dandalin kuma aka kama shi. Bayan 'yan sa'o'i kadan, Rem ya mika wuya tare da maharan.
Sakamakon giya
Bavaria ko sojoji basu goyi bayan putch ba, sakamakon haka an murkushe shi kwata-kwata. A mako mai zuwa, an tsare duk shugabanninsa, ban da Goering da Hess, waɗanda suka gudu zuwa Austria.
An kama mahalarta cikin jerin gwanon, ciki har da Hitler, aka tura su kurkukun Landsberg. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Nazis sun cika hukuncinsu a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Misali, ba a hana su taruwa a teburi da magana kan batutuwan siyasa ba.
Abin lura ne cewa a lokacin kamun nasa, Adolf Hitler ya rubuta yawancin sanannen littafin nasa, Gwagwarmaya ta. Lokacin da fursunan ya zama Fuehrer na Jamus, zai kira Beer Hall putch - Juyin Juya Hali na ƙasa, kuma zai ba da sanarwar duk 16 da aka kashe 'yan sahun shahidai. A lokacin 1933-1944. Membobin NSDAP suna bikin ranar tunawa da putch a kowace shekara.
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