Sayar Alaska - yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatocin daular Rasha da Amurka, sakamakon haka a cikin 1867 Rasha ta siyar da kadarorinta a Arewacin Amurka (tare da jimillar yanki 1,518,800 km²) akan $ 7.2 miliyan.
An yi imani da shi sosai a Rasha cewa ba a sayar da Alaska a zahiri ba, amma an ba da hayar ta shekara 99. Koyaya, wannan sigar ba ta da tallafi ta kowace tabbatacciyar hujja, tunda yarjejeniyar ba ta tanadi dawo da yankuna da kadarori ba.
Bayan Fage
Ga Tsohon Duniya, Alaska ta gano ta wani balaguron Rasha wanda Mikhail Gvozdev da Ivan Fedorov suka jagoranta a cikin 1732. Sakamakon haka, wannan yankin yana hannun theasar Rasha.
Ya kamata a lura cewa da farko jihar ba ta shiga cikin ci gaban Alaska ba. Koyaya, daga baya, a cikin 1799, an ƙirƙiri kwamiti na musamman don wannan dalili - Kamfanin Rasha-Amurka (RAC). A lokacin siyarwar, mutane ƙalilan ne suka zauna a wannan babban yankin.
A cewar RAC, game da Russia 2,500 da Indiyawa da Eskimos kusan 60,000 sun zauna a nan. A farkon karni na 19, Alaska ta kawo riba zuwa baitul ta hanyar fatawar fata, amma zuwa tsakiyar karnin lamarin ya canza.
Wannan yana da alaƙa da tsada mai tsada don kariya da kiyaye ƙasashe masu nisa. Wato, jihar ta kashe makudan kudade wajen karewa da kula da Alaska, maimakon samun ribar tattalin arziki daga gare ta. Babban Janar na Gabashin Siberia Nikolai Muravyov-Amursky shi ne na farko a cikin jami'an Rasha waɗanda, a cikin 1853, suka ba da damar siyar da Alaska.
Mutumin ya bayyana matsayinsa da cewa sayar da wadannan filaye ba makawa bane saboda wasu dalilai. Baya ga mahimman kuɗaɗen halin kiyaye wannan yankin, ya mai da hankali sosai ga ci gaban zalunci da sha'awar Alaska daga Burtaniya.
Da yake kammala jawabinsa, Muravyev-Amursky ya sake yin wata hujja mai gamsarwa game da sayar da Alaska. Ya yi jayayya, ba tare da dalili ba, cewa saurin layin dogo zai ba Amurka damar nan ba da jimawa ba ko ba jima ta bazu ko'ina cikin St.
Kari kan haka, a cikin wadannan shekarun, alakar da ke tsakanin Daular Rasha da Birtaniyya ta kasance tana kara tsami kuma wani lokaci tana nuna adawa. Misalin wannan shi ne rikici yayin Yaƙin Crimea.
Sannan rundunar ta Burtaniya ta yi ƙoƙari ta sauka a cikin Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Don haka, yiwuwar haɗuwa kai tsaye da Burtaniya a Amurka ya zama gaske.
Tattaunawar sayarwa
A hukumance, tayin siyar da Alaska ya fito ne daga wakilin Rasha zuwa Amurka, Baron Eduard Stekl, amma wanda ya fara siyarwar / sayarwar shine Yarima Konstantin Nikolaevich, kanen Alexander II.
An gabatar da wannan batun a cikin 1857, amma dole ne a jinkirta yin la'akari da yarjejeniyar don dalilai da yawa, gami da Yakin Basasa na Amurka.
A ƙarshen 1866, Alexander II ya kira taron da manyan jami'ai suka halarta. Bayan tattaunawa mai ma'ana, mahalarta taron sun amince kan sayar da Alaska. Sun kammala cewa Alaska na iya zuwa Amurka akan kasa da dala miliyan 5 na zinare.
Bayan haka, taron kasuwanci na jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka da Rasha ya gudana, inda aka tattauna sha'anin saye da sayarwa. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1867, Shugaba Andrew Johnson ya amince ya sayi Alaska daga Rasha kan dala miliyan 7.2.
Sa hannu kan yarjejeniyar sayar da Alaska
An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar sayar da Alaska a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1867 a babban birnin Amurka. Wani abin ban sha’awa shi ne cewa an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar cikin Ingilishi da Faransanci, waɗanda a lokacin ake ɗaukar “diflomasiyya”.
Hakanan, Alexander 2 ya sanya sa hannun sa a kan takardar a ranar 3 ga Mayu (15) na wannan shekarar. Dangane da yarjejeniyar, yankin Alaska da wasu tsibirai da ke cikin yankin ruwanta an janye su ga Amurkawan. Adadin yankin ya kusan kilomita 1,519,000,000.
Don haka, idan muka yi lissafi mai sauƙi, ya zama cewa 1 km² ya kashe Amurka $ 4.73 kawai. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa tare da wannan, Amurka ta gaji dukkan kadarorin ƙasa, da kuma na hukuma da takaddun tarihi masu alaƙa da ƙasar da aka siyar.
Abin mamaki, a daidai lokacin da aka siyar da Alaska, Kotun Gundumar mai hawa uku-uku a cikin garin New York ne kawai ta kashe gwamnatin jihar sama da ta Amurka - duk Alaska.
Ranar Juma'a 6 (18) Oktoba 1867, Alaska a hukumance ta zama wani ɓangare na Amurka. A wannan rana, aka gabatar da kalandar Miladiyya mai karfi a Amurka anan.
Tasirin tattalin arziki na ma'amala
Na Amurka
Da dama daga cikin masana Amurkawa sun yi imanin cewa sayan Alaska ya zarce kuɗin kulawarta. Koyaya, sauran masana suna da mahangar kishiyar ra'ayi.
A ra'ayinsu, siyan Alaska ya taka rawar gani ga Amurka. A cewar wasu rahotanni, a shekara ta 1915, hakar zinare guda daya a Alaska ta sake cika baitulmalin da dala miliyan 200. Bugu da kari, hanjinta yana dauke da albarkatu da yawa, da suka hada da azurfa, tagulla da gawayi, da kuma manyan dazuzzuka.
Don Rasha
Kudin da aka samu daga siyar da Alaska an yi amfani dasu da farko don siyan kayan haɗin jirgin ƙasa na ƙetare.