Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) - Shugaban sojan Italiya, mai son kawo sauyi, dan siyasa kuma marubuci. Jarumin Kasar Italiya.
Akwai tarihin gaskiya mai yawa na Garibaldi, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Tarihin rayuwar Garibaldi
An haifi Giuseppe Garibaldi a ranar 4 ga watan Yulin, 1807 a garin Nice na Faransa. Ya girma ne a cikin dangin kyaftin na wani karamin jirgin ruwa Domenico Garibaldi da matarsa Maria Rosa Nicoletta Raimondi, wacce ta kasance mai bin addinin Katolika da gaske.
Yara da samari
Tun yana yaro, Giuseppe ya koyi karatu da rubutu tare da limaman coci 2, kamar yadda mahaifiyarsa ta yi mafarki cewa a nan gaba ɗanta zai zama dalibin makarantar hauza. Koyaya, yaron ba shi da sha'awar haɗa rayuwarsa da addini.
Madadin haka, Garibaldi ya yi mafarkin zama matafiyi. Lokacin da ya tafi makaranta, ba ya jin daɗin karatunsa. Duk da haka, tun yana yaro mai son sani, yana da sha'awar ayyukan marubuta daban-daban, ciki har da Dante, Petrarch, Machiavelli, Walter Scott, Byron, Homer da sauran masu ilimin zamani.
Bugu da kari, Giuseppe ya nuna matukar sha'awar tarihin soja. Yana son koyo game da sanannun janar-janar da nasarorin da suka samu. Ya yi magana da Italiyanci, Faransanci, Ingilishi da Sifen. Ya kuma yi kokarin tsara wakokinsa na farko.
Lokacin da yake saurayi, Garibaldi yayi aiki a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin gida a cikin jiragen ruwa. Bayan lokaci, ya hau kan mukamin kaftin ɗin jirgin ruwan mai fatauci. Mutumin yana son teku kuma bai taɓa yin nadama cewa ya haɗa rayuwarsa da abubuwan da ke cikin teku ba.
Aikin soja da siyasa
A cikin 1833 Giuseppe ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Matasan Italiya. Ya yi kira ga mutane su yi tawaye a Genoa, abin da ya fusata gwamnati. Dole ne ya bar ƙasar ya ɓoye a ƙarƙashin sunan da aka ɗauka a Tunisiya sannan a Marseille.
Bayan shekaru 2, Garibaldi ya shiga jirgi zuwa Brazil. A lokacin yakin da ake yi a Jamhuriyar Rio Grande, ya sha shiga jiragen ruwa na yaki. Kyaftin din ya ba da umarnin flotilla na Shugaba Bento Gonsalvis kuma ya sami babban farin jini a faɗin Kudancin Amurka.
A cikin 1842, Giuseppe, tare da mutane masu tunani iri ɗaya, sun zama ƙawancen sojan Uruguay, suna taka rawa wajen kare jihar. Bayan gyare-gyaren Paparoma Pius IX, kwamandan ya yanke shawarar tashi zuwa Rome, yana da imanin cewa Italiya na buƙatar goyon bayansa.
A lokacin 1848-1849. juyin juya halin Italiya ya yi zafi, sannan Yakin Austro-Italiya ya biyo baya. Garibaldi da sauri ya tara wasu gungun masu bautar kasa wadanda ya yi nufin aikatawa tare da Austrian din.
Ayyukan limaman Katolika sun tilasta Giuseppe ya sake yin tunani game da ra'ayinsa na siyasa. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ya shirya juyin mulki a Rome, yana shelar tsarin jamhuriya. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama gwarzo na ƙasa don Italiyanci.
A ƙarshe, a tsakiyar 1848, Paparoma ya karɓi iko a hannunsa, sakamakon haka dole Garibaldi ya gudu zuwa Arewa. Koyaya, mai neman sauyin bai bar ra'ayin ci gaba da juriya ba.
Shekaru goma bayan haka, yakin hadewar Italia ya barke, inda Giuseppe ya yi fada a matsayin babban janar a cikin sojojin tsibirin Sardiniya. An kashe daruruwan maharan ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa. Sakamakon haka, Milan da Lombardy sun zama wani ɓangare na Daular Sardiniya, kuma daga baya aka zaɓi Garibaldi ya zama majalisar dokoki.
A cikin 1860, a taron majalisar dokoki, wani mutum ya ƙi matsayin mataimakinsa da matsayin janar, yana mai bayanin cewa Cavour ya sanya shi baƙon Rome. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama mai mulkin kama-karya na Sicily, wanda ba ya son kasancewa cikin ƙasar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, bayan da aka ji rauni a yakin Aspromot, likitan likitancin Rasha Nikolai Pirogov ya ceci rayuwar Giuseppe. Sojojin Garibaldi sun yi ƙoƙari su mamaye Rome, amma duk waɗannan ƙoƙarin ba su yi nasara ba.
Daga qarshe, an kame janar din an kuma kwashe shi zuwa tsibirin Caprera. A lokacin da yake gudun hijira, ya rubuta wasiƙu zuwa ga abokan hulɗarsa, sannan kuma ya rubuta rubuce-rubuce da yawa a kan taken yaƙin neman yanci. Mafi shahara shine littafin Clelia, ko Gwamnatin Firistoci.
A yayin arangamar soja tsakanin kasar Jamus da Faransa, Giuseppe an sake shi zuwa cikin daji, bayan haka ya shiga sahun sojojin Napoleon III. Mutanen zamanin sun yi ta jayayya cewa Garibaldi ya yi yaƙi da jaruntaka da Jamusawa, wanda ya zama sananne ga manyan jami'ai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce ba kawai 'yan ƙasa ba, har ma abokan hamayya sunyi magana game da Giuseppe da girmamawa. A wani taron Majalisar Kasar, marubucin Faransa Victor Hugo ya fadi haka: "... na dukkan janar-janar din da suka yi yaki a bangaren Faransa, shi kadai ne ba a ci shi ba."
Garibaldi ya yi murabus daga mukamin mataimakinsa, haka kuma daga umarnin jagorantar sojoji. Daga baya, an sake ba shi mataimakin kujera, amma kwamandan ya sake ƙi wannan tayin. Musamman, ya ce zai yi kama da "shuke-shuke mai ban mamaki" a majalisar.
Lokacin da aka ba Giuseppe wani fansho mai tsoka, shi ma ya ƙi, amma daga baya ya canza shawara, saboda yana fuskantar matsaloli na rashin kuɗi. A lokaci guda, ya ba da gudummawar kuɗi masu yawa ga sadaka.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar farko ta mai neman sauyi ita ce Anna Maria di Jesús Ribeira, wacce ya sadu da ita a Brazil. A cikin wannan auren, an haifi 'yan mata 2 - Teresa da Rosa, da yara maza 2 - Menotti da Riccioti. Anna kuma ta shiga yaƙe-yaƙe da Rome, daga baya ta mutu saboda zazzaɓin cizon sauro.
Bayan haka, Garibaldi ya auri Giuseppina Raimondi, amma wannan haɗin ɗin bai inganta ba bayan shekaru 19. Bayan ya rabu da matarsa, ya tafi Francesca Armosino, yana ɗaukar ɗa da 'yan mata da aka haifa kafin bikin aure.
Giuseppe yana da 'yar shege, Anna Maria, ta Battistina Ravello. Ta mutu tana da shekara 16 sakamakon cutar sankarau mai saurin gaske. Masu rubutun tarihin Garibaldi sun yi iƙirarin cewa yana cikin alaƙa da manyan masanan Paolina Pepoli da Emma Roberts, da kuma Jesse White mai neman sauyi.
Abun al'ajabi ne cewa marubuci Ellis Melena galibi yana ba da taimakon kuɗi ga kwamandan, kamar yadda abubuwan da ke raye suka nuna. Tabbatacce sananne ne cewa Giuseppe memba ne na gidan Masonic, inda ya kasance mashahurin "Babban Gabashin Italiya".
Mutuwa
Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, Garibaldi mai rashin lafiya ya yi babbar nasara zuwa Sicily, wanda ya sake tabbatar da shahararsa mai ban sha'awa tsakanin talakawan Italiya.
Giuseppe Garibaldi ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1882 yana da shekara 74. Zawarawa da kananan yaransa gwamnatin na ba su alawus na shekara dubu 10,000.
Garibaldi Hotuna
