Taj Mahal ("Masarautar Sarauta") - masallacin mausoleum, wanda yake a cikin garin Agra na Indiya. An gina shi ne ta hanyar umarnin padishah na daular Baburid Shah Jahan, don tunawa da matar Mumtaz Mahal, wacce ta mutu yayin haihuwa na ɗanta na 14. Daga baya, Shah Jahan da kansa aka binne shi a nan.
Tun daga shekarar 1983 aka saka Taj Mahal a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO. Ginin, wanda aka kammala a tsakanin 1630-1653, an gina shi ne daga hannun masu sana'a 20,000. Ana daukar Lahori a matsayin babban mai tsara kabarin, a cewar wasu kafofin, Isa Mohammed Efendi.
Gine-gine da gine-ginen Taj Mahal
A cikin Taj Mahal, zaku iya ganin kaburbura 2 - Shah Jahan da matarsa Mumtaz Mahal. Tsayin wannan tsarin mai lamba 5 ya kai mita 74, tare da minaret mai tsawon mita 41 a kowane kusurwa.
Gaskiyar magana mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa da gangan minarets ana ƙin yarda da gangan ta wata hanyar da ba haka ba daga mausoleum, don kar a lalata ta idan halakarwa. Bangon Taj Mahal an lullube shi da marmara mai haske, wanda aka sassare shi kilomita 600 daga wurin ginin.
A lokaci guda, akan bangon zaka iya ganin manyan duwatsu masu daraja, gami da agate da malachite. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a lokuta daban-daban na rana marmara yana canza launinsa: a wayewar gari - ruwan hoda, yayin rana - fari, kuma ƙarƙashin hasken wata - azurfa.
An yi amfani da wani tsaunuka mai nisan kilomita 15 da aka yi da birgima don isar da marmara da sauran kayayyakin gini. A kan sa, an ja bijimai 30 shinge ɗaya a lokaci guda, an sanya su a keken na musamman. Lokacin da aka kawo bulo ɗin zuwa wurin ginin, an ɗaga shi zuwa matakin da ake so ta amfani da hanyoyin musamman.
Ba sai an fada ba cewa ana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa don gina irin wannan babban sikelin. Don tabbatar da cikakken samar da ruwa, masu zanen gine-ginen sun yi amfani da ruwan kogi, wanda aka kai shi wurin ginin ta hanyar tsarin igiyar-guga.
Ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru 12 don gina kabarin da dandamali. Sauran Taj Mahal, gami da minarets, masallaci, javab da kuma Gateofar Babba, an gina su cikin tsaftataccen tsari na wasu shekaru 10.
An kawo kayan gini daga yankuna daban-daban na Asiya. Don wannan, giwaye sama da 1000 suka shiga ciki. A cikin duka, an yi amfani da nau'ikan lu'u-lu'u 28 don kunna farin marmara, waɗanda aka kawo daga jihohin makwabta.
Baya ga dubun dubatan ma'aikata, mutane 37 ne ke da alhakin bayyanar fasahar Taj Mahal, kowane ɗayansu gwanin gwaninta ne. A sakamakon haka, magina sun sami nasarar gina kyakkyawan gini mai ban mamaki.
Jimlar duka ginin Taj Mahal, tare da sauran gine-gine, suna da siffar murabba'i mai faɗi na mita 600 x 300. Kyakkyawan bangon farin marmara na mausoleum, wanda aka kawata shi da lu'ulu'u, ya nuna hasken rana da hasken wata.
Akasin tsarin babban tafkin marmara ne, a cikin ruwan wanda zaku iya ganin hasken Taj Mahal. Chamberakin da aka binne 8 a zauren ciki yana ɗauke da kabarin Mumtaz Mahal da Shah Jahan.
Addinin Musulunci ya hana yin ado a wuraren da aka binne mutane. Sabili da haka, an sanya jikin ma'aurata a cikin sauƙi mai sauƙi a ƙarƙashin ɗakin ciki.
Yawancin alamomi suna ɓoye a cikin ƙirar hadaddun. Misali, a kofofin da ke zuwa wurin shakatawar da ke kewaye da kabarin, an sassaka ayoyi daga sura ta 89 na Kur'ani: “Ya kai, mai hutu! Koma zuwa ga Ubangijinka wadatuwa da gamsuwa! Ku shiga tare da bayiNa. Ku shiga Aljanna!
A gefen yamma na kabarin, zaka iya ganin masallaci, a layi daya wanda akwai masaukin baki (javab). Dukkanin rukunin Taj Mahal suna da yanayin magana, ban da kabarin Shah Jahan, wanda aka gina bayan mutuwarsa.
Ginin yana da gonar da take da marmaro da kuma wurin wanka mai tsayi 300 m². A gefen kudu akwai tsakar gida mai rufewa tare da kofofi 4, inda aka gina kaburburan karin mata 2 na padishah - Akbarabadi da Fatehpuri.
Taj Mahal a yau
Kwanan nan aka gano fasa a bangon Taj Mahal. Nan take masana suka fara kafa musabbabin faruwar su. Bayan bincike mai kyau, masana kimiyya suka cimma matsaya cewa fasa na iya bayyana sakamakon zurfin kogin Jamna da ke makwabtaka da su.
Haƙiƙar ita ce ɓacewar Jamna tana haifar da ƙarancin ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da jinkirin lalata tsarin. Bugu da kari, Taj Mahal a kwanan nan ya fara rasa farin jini sanadiyyar gurbatar iska.
Don hana wannan, hukumomi sun ba da umarnin faɗaɗa yankin shakatawa da dakatar da aikin dukkan masana'antun ƙazantar da gurɓatawa a Agra. An hana amfani da gawayi a nan, ya fi son gas mai daɗin muhalli da irin wannan mai.
Koyaya, duk da matakan da aka ɗauka, kabarin yana ci gaba da ɗaukar launin rawaya. A sakamakon haka, don fararen bangon Taj Mahal gwargwadon iko, ma'aikata koyaushe suna tsabtace su da yumbu mai laushi.
Tun daga yau, dubun dubatar masu yawon buɗe ido (miliyan 5-7 a kowace shekara) don zuwa kabarin kowace rana, saboda haka ana lura da sake cika kasafin kuɗin Indiya. Tunda an hana tuƙa motoci tare da injunan konewa na ciki, baƙi dole ne su yi tafiya daga tashar bas zuwa Taj Mahal ko dai a ƙafa ko kuma ta bas ɗin lantarki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin 2019, don yaƙi da yawan yawon buɗe ido, an gabatar da tara ga baƙi waɗanda suka zauna a cikin hadaddun fiye da awanni 3. Yanzu kabarin yana ɗayan Sabbin Abubuwa 7 na Duniya.
Kafin ziyartar wani abin jan hankali, masu yawon bude ido na iya ziyartar gidan yanar gizon Taj Mahal. A can za ku iya samun bayanai game da lokutan buɗewa da tallace-tallace tikiti, gano abin da za ku iya yi da abin da ba haka ba, kuma ku fahimci wasu mahimman bayanai masu mahimmanci.
Taj Mahal Hotunan
