Marshall shirin (a hukumance ana kiransa "Shirin sake gina Turai") - shiri ne don taimakawa Turai bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II (1939-1945). Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka George C. Marshall ne ya ba da shawarar a 1947 kuma ya fara aiki a watan Afrilu 1948. Jihohi 17 na Turai sun halarci aiwatar da shirin.
A cikin wannan labarin, zamu kalli manyan abubuwan da Tsarin Marshall yake.
Tarihin Tsarin Marshall
An tsara Tsarin Marshall don kafa zaman lafiya bayan yakin a Yammacin Turai. Gwamnatin Amurka tana sha'awar shirin da aka gabatar saboda dalilai da yawa.
Musamman, Amurka a hukumance ta bayyana buƙata da taimako a maido da tattalin arzikin Turai bayan mummunan yaƙi. Bugu da kari, Amurka ta nemi kawar da shingen kasuwanci da kawar da kwaminisanci daga tsarin wutar lantarki.
A lokacin, shugaban Fadar White House shi ne Harry Truman, wanda ya bai wa Janar George Marshall mai ritaya mukamin sakataren harkokin waje a gwamnatin shugaban kasa.
Ya kamata a san cewa Truman yana da sha'awar ci gaba da Yakin Cacar Baki, don haka yana bukatar mutumin da zai inganta bukatun jihar a fannoni daban-daban. A sakamakon haka, Marshall ya dace sosai da wannan dalili, yana da ƙwarewar ilimi da wayewa.
Shirin dawo da Turai
Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, ƙasashen Turai da yawa suna cikin mummunan yanayin tattalin arziki. Jama'a ba su da kayan masarufi da ƙarancin hauhawar jini.
Ci gaban tattalin arziki ya kasance da jinkiri sosai, kuma a halin yanzu, a yawancin ƙasashe, kwaminisanci yana zama sanannen akida.
Shugabannin Amurkawa sun damu da yaduwar tunanin kwaminisanci, suna ganin wannan a matsayin babbar barazana ga tsaron ƙasa.
A lokacin rani na 1947, wakilan jihohin Turai 17 sun haɗu a Faransa don yin la'akari da Tsarin Marshall. A hukumance, an tsara shirin ne da saurin bunkasa tattalin arziki da kuma kawar da shingen kasuwanci. A sakamakon haka, wannan aikin ya fara aiki a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1948.
Dangane da shirin Marshall, Amurka ta yi alkawarin bayar da dala biliyan 12.3 na taimakon mara galihu, rance masu rahusa da kuma lamuni na dogon lokaci sama da shekaru 4. Ta hanyar ba da irin wannan rancen na karimci, Amurka ta bi manufofin son kai.
Gaskiyar ita ce bayan yakin, Amurka ce kadai babbar kasa wacce tattalin arzikinta ya kasance a wani babban mataki. Godiya ga wannan, dalar Amurka ta zama babban kuɗin ajiyar kuɗin duniya. Koyaya, duk da abubuwa masu kyau da yawa, Amurka tana buƙatar kasuwar tallace-tallace, don haka tana buƙatar Turai ta kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali.
Don haka, a maido da Turai, Amurkawa sun saka hannun jari don ci gaban su. Ya kamata a tuna cewa, gwargwadon yanayin da aka tsara a cikin Tsarin Marshall, ana iya amfani da duk kuɗin da aka ware musamman don sayan kayayyakin masana'antu da kayan gona.
Koyaya, Amurka ba kawai tana sha'awar ba ne kawai ga tattalin arziki ba, har ma da fa'idodin siyasa. Ganin tsananin kyama ga kwaminisanci, Amurkawa sun tabbatar da cewa duk ƙasashe masu shiga cikin Tsarin Marshall sun kori kwaminisanci daga gwamnatocin su.
Ta hanyar kawar da masu ra'ayin gurguzu, hakika Amurka ta yi tasiri a kan samuwar yanayin siyasa a cikin jihohi da yawa. Don haka, biyan don dawo da tattalin arziki ga ƙasashen da suka karɓi lamuni rashi ne na ɓangare na 'yancin siyasa da tattalin arziki.
