Petr Yakovlevich Halperin (1902-1988) - Masanin halayyar dan adam na Soviet, farfesa kuma Masanin Kimiyyar RSFSR. Doctor na Kimiyyar Ilmantarwa.
Akwai tarihin Halperin da yawa masu ban sha'awa, wanda zamu tattauna a wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Peter Halperin.
Tarihin Halperin
An haifi Pyotr Halperin a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1902 a Tambov. Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin dangin likitan jiji da kuma masanin ilimin kwayar halitta Yakov Halperin. Yana da ɗan'uwa Theodore da 'yar'uwa Pauline.
Yara da samari
Bala'i na farko a cikin tarihin rayuwar masanin halayyar ɗan adam na gaba ya faru ne a lokacin samartaka, lokacin da aka buge mahaifiyarsa da mota. Bitrus ya sha wahala mutuwar mahaifiyarsa sosai, wanda yake jin daɗin ƙauna ta musamman.
A sakamakon haka, shugaban gidan ya sake yin aure. Abin farin ciki, uwar gidan ta sami damar neman kusanci ga Bitrus da sauran yaran mijinta. Halperin yayi karatu sosai a dakin motsa jiki, yana mai da lokaci mai yawa don karanta littattafai.
Duk da haka, saurayin ya fara nuna sha'awar falsafa, dangane da abin da ya fara halartar da'irar da ta dace. Ya kamata a lura cewa mahaifinsa ya ƙarfafa shi da gaske ya shiga aikin likita kuma ya bi gurbinsa.
Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa, bayan karbar takardar sheda, Halperin cikin nasara ya ci jarabawa a Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kharkov. Yayi zurfin bincike game da ilimin kwakwalwa kuma yayi nazarin tasirin hypnosis akan jujjuyawar lamarin leukocytosis mai narkewa, wanda daga baya ya dukufa da aikin sa.
Da yake ya zama ƙwararren masani, Pyotr Halperin ya fara aiki a cibiyar masu shan ƙwaya. A lokacin ne ya yanke shawara cewa rikice-rikice na rayuwa sune tushen jaraba.
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 26, an ba matashin masanin kimiyya aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje a Cibiyar Ilimin Kwakwalwa ta Yukren, inda ya hadu da masanin halayyar dan Adam kuma masanin falsafa Alexei Leontiev.
Ilimin halin dan Adam
Pyotr Halperin ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Kharkov, wanda Leontyev ke shugabanta. A wannan lokacin na tarihin sa, ya bincika banbanci tsakanin kayan aikin mutane da kayan tallafi na dabbobi, wanda ya sadaukar da karatun sa na Ph.D. rubutun a cikin 1937.
A farkon Yakin Patasa (1941-1945) An kwashe Galperin da abokan aikinsa zuwa Tyumen, inda ya zauna na kimanin shekaru 2. Bayan haka, bisa gayyatar wannan Leontiev, ya koma yankin Sverdlovsk.
Anan Pyotr Yakovlevich yayi aiki a cibiyar don murmurewa daga raunin harsashi. Ya sami nasarar tabbatar da ka'idar cewa ayyukan motar masu haƙuri suna ci gaba da sauri idan suna da sharaɗi ta aiki mai ma'ana.
Misali, zai fi sauki ga mara lafiyar ya kawar da hannunsa gefe don daukar abu maimakon rashin manufa. A sakamakon haka, nasarorin Halperin sun kasance a cikin motsa jiki na motsa jiki. A lokacin, ya zama marubucin aikin "On Attitude in Thinking" (1941).
Daga baya, mutumin ya zauna a Moscow, inda ya yi aiki a sanannen Jami'ar Jihar ta Moscow. An jera shi a Kwalejin Falsafa kuma ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a Sashen Ilimin halin dan Adam. A nan ya shiga aikin koyarwa tun 1947.
A babban birnin kasar ne Pyotr Halperin ya fara kirkirar ka'idar kirkirar ayyukan hankali a hankali, wanda ya kawo masa daukaka da martaba. Ma'anar ka'idar tana sauka ne zuwa ga cewa tunanin mutum yana bunkasa yayin ma'amala da abubuwa.
Masanin kimiyya ya lura da matakai da yawa da suka wajaba don aikin waje ya zama mai hade - ya kawo shi ga aikin kere-kere kuma yayi shi a sume.
Kuma kodayake ra'ayoyin Halperin sun haifar da mabanbantan ra'ayi tsakanin abokan aikinsa, sun sami amfani mai amfani wajen inganta harkar ilimi. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce dangane da tanadin wannan ka'idar, mabiyan sa sun sami damar aiwatar da aikace-aikace da yawa don inganta abun ciki da tsarin koyo.
Abubuwan da suka shafi ka'idarsa, Peter Halperin ya bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin aikin "Gabatarwa ga Ilimin halin dan Adam", wanda ya zama sanannen gudummawa ga ilimin halin dan Adam. A shekarun da suka gabata na tarihinsa, ya ci gaba da aiki a Jami'ar Jihar ta Moscow.
A shekarar 1965, masanin halayyar dan adam ya zama likita na ilimin koyarda ilmin, kuma bayan wasu shekaru sai aka bashi digirin farfesa. A shekarar 1978 ya wallafa littafin "A zahiri matsaloli na ci gaban halayyar dan adam." Bayan shekaru 2, mutumin ya kasance Babban Masanin Kimiyya na RSFSR.
Ofaya daga cikin ayyukan ƙarshe na Halperin, wanda aka buga a lokacin rayuwarsa, ya ba da kansa ga yara kuma an kira shi - "Hanyoyin koyarwa da haɓaka tunanin ɗan yaro."
Rayuwar mutum
Matar Pyotr Halperin ita ce Tamara Meerson, wanda ya sani daga makaranta. Ma'auratan sun yi rayuwa mai tsawo da farin ciki tare. A wannan auren, sun sami yarinya mai suna Sofia. Abin mamaki ne cewa Tamara ce mijinta ya sadaukar da littafin "Gabatarwa ga Ilimin halin dan Adam".
Mutuwa
Peter Halperin ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Maris, 1988 yana da shekara 85. Rashin lafiya shine yayi sanadin mutuwarsa.
