Isaak Osipovich Dunaevsky (cikakken suna Itzhak-Ber ben Bezalel-Yosef Dunaevsky; 1900-1955) - mawaki kuma madugun Soviet, malamin kiɗa. Mawallafin operettas 11 da ballets 4, waƙa don fina-finai da yawa da waƙoƙi da yawa. Mawallafin Mutane na RSFSR kuma wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta 2 Stalin (1941, 1951). Mataimakin Babban Soviet na RSFSR na taron taro na 1.
Akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin Isaac Dunaevsky, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin rayuwar Dunaevsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Ishaku Dunaevsky
An haifi Isaac Dunaevsky a ranar 18 ga Janairu (30), 1900 a garin Lokhvitsa (yanzu yankin Poltava, Ukraine). Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin gidan yahudawa na Tsale-Yosef Simonovich da Rosalia Dunaevskaya. Shugaban dangin yayi aiki a matsayin karamin ma'aikacin banki.
Yara da samari
Ishaku ya girma ne a gidan mawaƙa. Mahaifiyarsa ta buga fiyano kuma tana da ƙwarewar murya. Abin lura ne cewa 'yan uwan Dunaevsky su ma sun zama mawaƙa.
Ko a farkon yarinta, Ishaku ya fara nuna kwarewa ta musika. Tuni yana da shekaru 5, zai iya zaɓar ayyukan gargajiya daban-daban ta kunne, kuma yana da baiwa don ingantawa.
Lokacin da Dunaevsky yake kimanin shekaru 8, ya fara karatun kide da goge tare da Grigory Polyansky. Bayan wasu shekaru, shi da danginsa suka koma Kharkov, inda ya fara halartar makarantar waka a ajin goge.
A cikin 1918, Ishaku ya kammala karatunsa da girmamawa daga dakin motsa jiki, sannan shekara mai zuwa daga Kwalejin Conservatory ta Kharkov. Sannan ya kammala da digiri a fannin shari'a.
Waƙa
Ko da a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Dunaevsky yayi mafarkin aikin kida. Bayan ya zama ƙwararren mai kaɗa goge, ya sami aiki a ƙungiyar makaɗa. Ba da daɗewa ba an gayyaci mutumin zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kharkov, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa da kuma mawaƙa.
A wannan lokacin ne na tarihin rayuwar sa Isaac Dunaevsky ya fara sana'a. A lokaci guda tare da aikinsa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya gabatar da laccoci a kan kide-kide, ya kasance mai jagorantar wasan kwaikwayo na sojoji, ya hada kai da wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, sannan kuma ya bude dawarorin kiɗa a sassan soja.
Daga baya, an danƙa wa Ishaƙu shugaban sashen kide-kide na lardin. A cikin 1924 ya zauna a Moscow, inda yake da mahimman damar sa kai.
A lokaci guda, Dunaevsky ya rike mukamin shugaban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hermitage, sannan ya jagoranci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Satire. Daga ƙarƙashin alkalaminsa operettas na farko ya fito - "Ango" da "Wukake". A cikin 1929 ya koma Leningrad, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsarawa da kuma babban madugu na Hall Hall ɗin kiɗa.
Farkon farkon fitowar Odyssey, wanda aka saita zuwa kiɗan Isaac Dunaevsky kuma yana wakiltar waƙar barkwanci, kusan an dakatar da shi kai tsaye. Kusan lokaci guda, haɗin gwiwa mai ma'ana tare da Leonid Utesov ya fara.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa tare da darekta Grigory Alexandrov, Isaak Osipovich sun zama wanda ya kafa nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet. Fim din hadin gwiwar su na farko mai suna "Merry Guys" (1934), wanda a cikin sa aka maida hankali sosai ga wakoki, suka sami babban shahara kuma suka zama shahararren fim din Rasha.
Bayan wannan, Dunaevsky ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar irin zane-zanen kamar "Circus", "Volga-Volga", "Hanyar Haske", da dai sauransu. Abin lura ne cewa shima ya shiga cikin dubging na haruffan fim.
A lokacin 1937-1941. mutumin ya jagoranci Leningrad Union of Composers. Mutane ƙalilan ne suka san gaskiyar cewa ya ci gaba da abokantaka da Mikhail Bulgakov.
Yana da shekara 38, Isaac Dunaevsky ya zama mataimakin Babban Soviet na RSFSR. A wannan lokacin, ya koma rubutun operettas. A lokacin Babban Yaƙin rioasa (1941-1945) ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha na waƙa da ƙungiyar rawa na ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa, yana ba da kide-kide a birane daban-daban na USSR.
Waƙar "My Moscow", wacce duk ƙasar ta rera, ta shahara musamman tsakanin masu sauraron Soviet. A shekarar 1950 an baiwa Dunaevsky taken Mutum na Artist na RSFSR.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duk da mashahurin ƙauna da babban matsayi, maigida yakan fuskanci matsalolin da ke cikin wancan zamanin. Yawancin ayyukansa an dakatar da su saboda gaskiyar cewa an rubuta su ne akan dalilan jigogin yahudawa.
Rayuwar mutum
A tsawon shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa, Isaac Dunaevsky ya yi aure sau biyu a hukumance. Wanda ya zaɓa na farko shi ne Maria Shvetsova, amma ƙungiyar tasu ba ta daɗe ba.
Bayan wannan, saurayin ya ɗauki yar rawa Zinaida Sudeikina a matsayin matarsa. Daga baya, ma'auratan sun sami ɗan farinsu, Eugene, wanda zai zama mai zane a nan gaba.
A dabi'arsa, Ishaku mutum ne mai matukar kauna, wanda ya kasance yana da dangantaka da mata daban-daban, ciki har da dan wasan Natalya Gayarina da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Lydia Smirnova.
A lokacin yakin, Dunaevsky ya fara soyayya mai ban tsoro tare da yar rawa Zoya Pashkova. Sakamakon alaƙar su ita ce haihuwar yaro Maxim, wanda a nan gaba kuma zai zama sanannen mawaƙi.
Mutuwa
Isaac Dunaevsky ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1955 yana da shekara 55. Dalilin mutuwarsa ya kasance zafin zuciya. Akwai sigar da ake zargin mawaƙin ya kashe kansa ko kuma wasu mutane da ba a sani ba suka kashe shi. Koyaya, babu tabbatattun hujjoji da ke tabbatar da waɗannan sigar.
Hoto daga Isaac Dunaevsky