A gabar kudu maso yammacin Crimea, wanda raƙuman ruwan Bahar Maliya suka wanke, tsohuwar Tauric Chersonesos ta tashi, inda baƙon ya zo fuska da fuska da tarihin karni na 25 na babban birni. Ko da kango na wannan tsohuwar Girkanci, tsohuwar Roman, Polis na Byzantine suna faɗin asalinsu.
Sirrin Tauric Chersonesos
Chersonesos na zamani yana kan shafin ne na wani tsohon birni wanda aka binne kuma ya ɓace a ƙarƙashin wani layin ƙasa. A Girkanci ana nufin "yankin Taurus", kabilun da ke yaƙi da ke zaune a nan. Wadanda suka fara zama a Heracles Cape sune Helenawa. Mulkin mallaka ya faɗaɗa kuma ya ƙarfafa; daga baya, ta hanyar diflomasiyya, yaƙe-yaƙe na nasara, ta yi nasara kuma ta sami ci gaba. Chersonesus Tauride mashaidi ne ga tarihin manyan ƙasashe uku, waɗanda daga cikinsu sune:
- tsohuwar wayewar Girkawa, Hellas;
- babban Rome;
- Kirista Byzantium.
A ƙarƙashin mulkin Girka, mulkin demokraɗiyya ya haɗu da tushen mallakar bayi. Wani ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazamar ƙaƙƙarfan tattalin arziki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin babban Artemis ya halarci bukukuwa, bukukuwa, da gasa na wasanni. Marubucin tarihi Sirisk (III karni na BC) ya tattara bayanin Chersonesos, manufofin ƙasashen waje dangane da masarautar Bosporus da yankuna na yankin Bahar Maliya. Lokacin Bosporus ya kasance na jamhuriya ta hanyar koma bayan tattalin arziki, taƙaita 'yanci na demokraɗiyya.
Hundredarshen shekaru ɗari kafin BC e. tsohon gari an san shi azaman mabubbugar Daular Rome. Ana aiwatar da ayyukan ta'addanci a cikin ƙasashe kewaye. Manufofin hukuma sun dogara ne da tsarin mulkin oligarchy.
Farkon sabon zamani yana cikin alama ta gabatarwar Kiristanci a hankali ƙarƙashin tasirin Byzantium. Bayan ƙarni 4, an yarda da wannan koyarwar a hukumance. A lokacin Tsakiyar Zamani, polis ya zama babban birnin Kiristanci, cike da gidajen ibada, majami'u, wuraren zama, ƙauyukan karkashin kasa. Babban kagara, layuka biyu na bangon kariya sun kare mazauna daga harin abokan gaba. Koyaya, a ƙarshen karni na XIV, makiyayan Tatar sun lalata garin, kuma burbushinsa ya cika da toka da ƙasa.
Daga baya (karni na XVIII), an kafa garin Sevastopol nesa da inda polis ɗin da ya ɓace. A 1827, binciken farko na kayan tarihi ya fara. Sakamakon da aka bayyana sannu a hankali ga duniya ya sake sake gina tsoffin gine-ginen zama, murabba'ai, tituna da majami'u.
Dangane da rami a 1892, an ƙirƙiri Gidan Tarihi na Archaeological, yana da shekaru 126. Ana ci gaba da hakar rami har zuwa yau. Keepsasa tana riƙe asirai da kuma shaidar tsufa. Masana kimiyya daga ƙasashen waje suna nuna sha'awar bincike. Tsoffin abubuwa sun nuna Tauric Chersonesos a matsayin ci gaban al'adu, siyasa, cibiyar tattalin arziki na Yankin Bahar Maliya.
An buɗe taron karawa juna sani na masu sana'a, da mint, da kuma acropolis a gaban wani zamani. Gidan wasan kwaikwayon, basilicas da aka lalata, an sake sake rarraba ɓangarorin ganuwar kagara. Nunin a wuraren da aka bude ya shaida rayuwar mutanen gari. Masana binciken kayan karkashin kasa sun gano amphorae, sassan jirgin ruwa da suka nutse, koguna, da gine-ginen teku, da ginshiƙai masu jagora a kasan tekun. An nuna kayan tarihi masu mahimmanci a cikin Hermitage na St. Petersburg.
Yankin Chersonesos shine Tarihin Tarihi da Archaeological State-Reserve. An lissafa shi a matsayin Wurin Tarihi na UNESCO, amma tun shekara ta 2014 ba a kula da mutuncin ta ba.
Fahimi, abubuwa masu ban sha'awa
Abubuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa, ɓangarorin "karin bayanai" an haɗa su da Chersonesos Tauride:
- Wadannan wuraren Sarauniyar Girka ce Olga Konstantinovna, jikar Nicholas I, Yariman Girka Girka.
- A cikin 988 basaraken Kiev Vladimir ya yi baftisma a nan.
- Gwamnatin siyasa ta Konstantinoful ta aika a nan an kunyata Fafaroma Clement I da Martin I, Emperor Justinian na II, da abokin hamayyarsa F. Vardan.
- Catherine II, mai son al'adun Girka, sanya hannu kan doka game da ƙirƙirar birni a kan Dnieper, ta ba shi sunan Kherson don girmama tsohon sunan. Wannan shine lokacin Crimean Khanate.
- Tsars Alexander II tare da tsarina, Alexander III da sarki na ƙarshe Nicholas II sun halarci tsarin gidan sufi.
- Shahararren Bell an fito dashi a fim din game da abubuwan da suka faru na Pinocchio, inda haruffan suka isa filin Mu'ujiza. Ya bayyana a cikin fina-finan "Spetsnaz", "Mutuwa ga 'yan leƙen asirin", "Loveauna a Tsibirin Mutuwa".
- Chersonese Tauric shine kawai mulkin mallaka na Dorian a kan teku, wani tsohon birni wanda rayuwa bata tsaya ba har zuwa karni na XIV.
Menene ke jan hankalin ajiyar?
Abubuwan al'adu da al'adun gargajiya masu ban mamaki suna mamakin tunanin baƙi, Tauric Chersonesos ya bayyana duniyar ban mamaki ta zamanin da. Babban abubuwan jan hankali na hadaddun:
Agora - filin da aka yanke shawarar ƙaddara
Tana cikin tsakiya, a kan babban titi, wanda aka gina a karni na 5 BC. e. Mutanen gari sun warware matsalolin yau da kullun na rayuwar yau da kullun anan. Anan suka bauta wa gumakan gumakan, suka ziyarci gidajen ibada, bagadai. Tare da kafuwar Kiristanci, an gina coci-coci 7 akan agora. Daga baya, an gina babban coci a nan don girmama Yarima Vladimir Svyatoslavovich.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
Tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai a Rasha. Anan, wasanni masu ban sha'awa ga mutane dubu 3, hutu, bukukuwa, tarurruka na mazauna. An gina ta a mahaɗar ƙarni na 3 da na 4 kafin haihuwar Yesu. e. A lokacin mamayar Rome, ana yin yakin gladiator a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Tsohuwar gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya ƙunshi madaidaita 12, dandamali na ƙungiyar makaɗa da rawa, da kuma fage.
Da zuwan Kiristanci, abubuwan nishaɗi da nishaɗi sun daina, gidan wasan kwaikwayo sannu a hankali ya faɗi, an gina majami'u 2 na Kirista a wurinta. Ragowar ɗayan sun tsira - "Haikalin tare da Jirgin".
Basilica a cikin Basilica
Haikalin na da wanda ya ƙunshi basilicas biyu. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa haikalin na biyu an gina shi ne akan kango na farko. An sake dawo da basilicas na waje da na ciki ta hanyar ayyukan masana tarihi. A cikin 2007, masu kutse sun lalata ginshiƙan marmara tare da sassaƙa a kan giciye da bene na mosaic.
Hasumiyar Byzantine Emperor Zeno
Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan gini ne na tsaron gefen hagu na birni, abin kiyayewa da kyau. Hasumiyar ta rufe hanyoyin, ya ɗauki bugu na sojojin abokan gaba, yana da darajar kariya, ana cika shi sau da yawa kuma ana inganta shi. A karni na 10, tsayinsa ya kai 9 m, diamitarsa ya kai 23 m.
Kararrawa Misty
A cikin Quarantine Bay, kararrawa mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka yi daga bindigogin Turkiyya da aka kama, ya rataye tsakanin ginshiƙai biyu. Asali an yi niyya ne ga Cocin Sevastopol na St. Nicholas. Waliyyan Nicholas da Foka wadanda aka zana hotunan masu kula da jiragen ruwa. A ƙarshen Yaƙin Crimean, an kai kayan zuwa Faransa, zuwa Paris Notre Dame. A cikin 1913, an dawo da shi wurin sa, yana aiki azaman siginar alama. Yanzu baƙi suna kiranta, suna yin buri da ɗaukar hotuna don ƙwaƙwalwa. "The Bell of Wishes" shine wurin hutu da akafi so don masu yawon bude ido.
Vladimirsky babban coci
Orthodox majestic temple, yana aiki tun 1992. An gina shi a 1861 a wurin da yariman Kiev ake zargi da karɓar baftisma. A cikin bene na haikalin akwai Ikilisiyar Uwar Allah Mai Tsarki, a cikin babba - Alexander Nevsky da Vladimir.
A kan yankin Tauric Chersonesos akwai abubuwan birni da aka lalata - mai smithy, gidan kwastan, giya, gidan wanka. Kazalika da wuraren zama, da kagara, da wurin iyo, da mausoleum da sauran gine-ginen da suka dace da zamani. Baya ga tsofaffin kango, abubuwan da aka ajiye na wurin sun haɗa da tsoffin kogo na dā Kalamita a cikin yankin Sevastopol.
Lura ga baƙo
Ina ne: Garin Sevastopol, titin Drevnyaya, 1.
Lokacin aiki: a lokacin dumi (daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa Satumba) 2018 - daga sa'o'i 7 zuwa 20 kwana bakwai a mako, a lokacin sanyi - daga 8:30 zuwa 17:30. Shiga cikin yankin yana ƙare rabin sa'a kafin lokacin rufewa. Entranceofar kyauta ne. Ana buɗe zauren gidan kayan gargajiya daga 9 na safe zuwa 6 na yamma.
Yadda ake zuwa can: ya dace don tuƙa motarka zuwa Taurida tare da gadar Crimean. Lokacin tafiya ta jirgin ƙasa, zuwa Simferopol. Daga nan, ɗauki bas zuwa Sevastopol, inda ƙananan motoci ke gudu daga tashar motar zuwa ajiyar. Daga motar bas №22-A zai dauke ku zuwa tashar "Chersonesos Tavrichesky".
Tarihi yana kiran masu hankali
Yawon shakatawa mai jan hankali tare da jagora shine abin birgewa na kayan tarihi mai ban sha'awa a cikin tsohuwar tsufa. Farashin tikiti na manya shine 300 rubles, don yara, ɗalibai, masu cin gajiyar - 150 rubles.
Muna ba da shawarar kallon fatalwan biranen Rasha.
Binciken yana ɗaukar aƙalla awanni 1.5-2. Rushewar tsohon birni, cikakkun bayanai game da tsoffin gine-ginen suna gefe da gefe da sabbin gine-gine. Wani dan yawon bude ido yana son zama kusa da tekun, ya saurari kararrawar kararrawa, ya dauki hotuna masu kayatarwa a lokacin da ya gabata, dan lokaci ya gabatar da kansa a matsayin siririn, mai takama Hellen.
Babu abin da zai hana ku bincika alfarmar Tauric Chersonesos da kanku. A ƙofar akwai zane wanda ke nuna wuraren abubuwan. Sanarwa tare da abubuwan nuni na tsohuwar yarjejeniya kyakkyawan zaɓi ne don ɓata lokacin hutu. Yankin yana sanye da kujeru, gadaje na filawa, banɗakuna, ayyukan tsaro. Kuna iya samun abun ciye ciye a cikin cafe. An ba wa mai yawon shakatawa izinin shiga aikin hakar ƙasa kuma ya sami ƙwarewar masanin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi. Chersonesus Tauride zai wadatar da mai yawon bude ido da sabon ilimi, burgewa, akwai abin da za a yi mamaki, sha'awa da al'ajabi.
