Moscow birni ne mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi, kamar yadda kasancewar yawancin tsoffin gine-gine a cikin kan iyakokinta waɗanda suka faɗi tun ƙarni na 12-16. Ofayan ɗayan waɗannan shine farfajiyar Krutitsy tare da manyan titunan sa, gidajen katako, majami'u masu ban sha'awa. Yana kawai numfasawa mai wadataccen tarihi kuma yana bawa baƙi damar kutsawa cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki na Zamanin Zamani.
Tarihin farfajiyar Krutitsy
A cewar bayanan hukuma, wannan alamar ta bayyana a cikin karni na 13. Sun ce a cikin 1272 Prince Daniel na Moscow ya ba da umarnin kafa gidan sufi a nan. Hakanan akwai wasu bayanan, bisa ga abin da wanda ya fara ginin ya kasance wani tsoho ne daga Bazantium - Barlaam. Lokacin da Golden Horde ta yi mulki a yankin Muscovy, an ba wannan wuri a matsayin farfajiyar bishop-bishop na Podonsk da Sarsk.
A tsakiyar zamanai, ana aiwatar da aikin gini a nan. Gine-ginen da ke akwai sun sami ƙarin ɗakunan biranen birni biyu da Asshed Cathedral. Har zuwa 1920, ana gudanar da ayyuka a nan kuma an karɓi mahajjata daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. Sau da yawa Faransawa ko thean sanda sun wawashe majami'u kuma sun cinna musu wuta. Bayan ƙarshen Juyin Juya Hali na Oktoba, sun daina aiki gaba ɗaya, kuma duk wani abu mai tamani da ya rage a cikinsu an fitar da shi.
A cikin 1921, ɗakin kwanan sojoji ya kasance sanye take a cikin Cathedral Assumption, kuma shekaru 13 daga baya aka sauya shi zuwa kayan gida. Tsohon makabartar, wanda ke kan yankin wannan katafaren gidan kayan tarihin, ya cika, kuma an shimfida filin kwallon kafa a wurin sa. Bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ne, a shekarar 1992, sai ƙungiyar ta Krutitsy Compound ta sami matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya kuma ta sake karɓar mahajjata.
Bayanin manyan gine-gine
Farfajiyar Krutitskoe mallakar kayan tarihin gini ne na karni na 17. Wannan ƙungiyar ta haɗa da abubuwan jan hankali masu zuwa:
- Terem tare da ƙofofi masu tsarki, wanda a zamanin tsarist ya sami mummunar lalacewar wuta kuma daga baya aka sake gina shi. Façadersa an kawata ta da ado mai ƙyalli tare da fale-falen gilashi, yana mai yin ginin da kyau. A cewar wasu rahotanni, bishop din sun ba da sadaka ga talakawa daga tagogin wannan gidan.
- Chamungiyoyin Metropolitan. Suna cikin ginin bulo mai hawa 2. Ofar tana ta shirayin gefen kudu. An haɗa shi da babban matakala tare da sama da matakai 100, farin balusters da yumbu. Kaurin ganuwar wannan gini ya fi mita. A wani lokacin, hawa na farko yana ɗauke da ɗakunan zama, masu amfani da kuma ofisoshin ofis.
- Asshed Cathedral. Wannan shine gini mafi kyawu kuma mafi daraja a cikin rukunin farfajiyar Krutitsky. Yana da tsayi fiye da 20 m kuma an saka masa kambi mai daraja biyar, hade da Mai Ceto. Kayan don shi jan bulo ne. A gaban ƙofar ƙofar akwai wani matattakala da aka rufe a bayan manyan ginshiƙai. A wani bangare, ginin yana hade da hasumiyar kararrawa da aka sanya. A cikin karni na 19, kararrawa masu karfi suna ta karawa a kai a kai. An kawata bangon da hotuna guda uku waɗanda aka keɓe don idin Baftisma na Ubangiji, Annunciation of the Virgin da Nativity of Christ. A farkon karni na 20, an maye gurbin tsofaffin gicciyen katako da zinare, kuma an rufe mulkokin babban cocin da jan ƙarfe.
- Cocin tashin matattu. Ya ƙunshi matakai uku na ginshiki, ginshiki, hawa na biyu da kuma hasumiyoyin gefe da yawa. Metananan birni suna hutawa akan matakin ƙasa. Har zuwa 1812, an kawata bangon haikalin da zane-zane, wanda kusan babu abin da ya rage bayan wutar. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, rushewar ginin ya fara, yayin da aka lalata ɓangarorin. A cikin karni na 19, karamin sake ginawa ya gudana a nan. Babban abin sha'awa shine gyaran taga da aka gyara wanda ke ƙasa da gallery. Wannan ya sanya Cocin tashin matattu yayi kama da gidan sufi na Novospassky.
- Hanyoyin da aka rufe daga ɗakunan manyan biranen zuwa Cathedral na Assumption. Jimillar tsayinsu ya kai mita 15. An gina su ne a Gidan Krutitsky tsakanin 1693 da 1694. Ana samun kyakkyawan gani daga baranda daga tagogin babban hanyar bude hanya.
- Peterananan Peter da Paul Church. An kafa giciye mai ɗauke da surar Kristi a ƙofar shi. Ginin kansa ya ƙunshi hawa biyu. A ciki, a tsakiyar babban zauren, akwai sabunta iconostasis tare da gumaka da yawa na Budurwa Maryamu da sauran tsarkaka.
Har ila yau, gine-ginen da ke kewaye suna da fa'ida. A cikin 2008, an sake sake farfajiyar waje kusa da Asshed Cathedral. Yanzu ana maraba da baƙi ta hanyar tituna masu kwalliya. A ɗaya gefen ginin, filin an rufe shi da ciyawa da bishiyoyi, a tsakankanin ƙananan hanyoyin iska ne. Kusa da babban taron akwai tsoffin gidaje na katako tare da katanga da fitilun fitilu na ƙarni na 19.
Ina tsakar gida take?
Kuna iya samun mahadar Krutitskoye a cikin Moscow, a adireshin: st. Krutitskaya, gida 13/1, fihirisa - 109044. Wannan jan hankalin yana cikin kudu maso gabashin garin, a gefen hagu na kogin mai wannan sunan. Kusa da tashar tashar jirgin kasa "Proletarskaya". Daga can kuna buƙatar ɗaukar lambar tara ta 35 daga tashar Paveletskaya ko tafiya. Ga yadda ake zuwa can cikin mintuna 5-15! Lambar wayar gidan kayan gargajiya ita ce (495) 676-30-93.
Bayani mai amfani
- Lokacin buɗewa: ziyarar ba zai yiwu ba a ƙarshen mako, wanda ya faɗi a ranar Talata da Litinin ta farko na watan. A wasu ranakun, ana samun damar shiga yankin daga 7 na safe zuwa 8:30 na dare.
- Jadawalin ayyuka - sabis na safe yana farawa a ranakun mako daga 9:00, kuma a ƙarshen mako daga 8:00. Ana yin liturgies biyu a lokacin Azumi. Kowane maraice da ƙarfe 17:00 ana yin akathist a cikin gidajen ibada.
- Entranceofar farfajiyar gidan sarki kyauta ne, kyauta.
- Kuna iya zuwa yankin gidan kayan tarihin daga gefen layin Krutitsky ko titin suna iri ɗaya.
- An hana shan sigari da shan giya a kusa da haikalin.
- Ana iya ɗaukar hotuna kawai ta hanyar yarjejeniya tare da malamai.
Yankin farfajiyar Krutitsky ba shi da girma sosai, yana da kyau a bincika shi a hankali kuma da kansa. Balaguro na mutum ko rukuni ma yana yiwuwa. Tsawancin sa kamar awa 1.5. A wannan lokacin, jagorar zai gaya muku game da tatsuniyoyi iri-iri masu alaƙa da wannan wuri, game da duk ɓoyayyensa da ɓoyayyen sa, da tarihin wahala. Wajibi ne a yi rajista a gaba, kwanaki 1-2 a gaba.
Wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa
Farfajiyar Krutitsy ba kawai wani abin tarihi bane mai ban mamaki, amma kuma muhimmin abu ne na al'adu. Wata makarantar Lahadi ta Orthodox tana aiki a Cocin Assumption, inda ake koya wa yara dokar Allah. Mutanen da ke da nakasa, gami da masu amfani da keken guragu, sun sami fahimta a nan. Kowane wata ana gudanar da tarurrukan sadaka a nan, mahalarta ana kula dasu ta hanyar mai ba da shawara na ruhaniya na dindindin.
Kayan gida na majami'u na gari basu da kyau; tsarin gine-ginensu shine abin sha'awa. Iyakar abin da ke da daraja a kan ma'auni na Krutitsky Compound kwafi ne na Feodorovskaya Alamar Uwar Allah. Sauran abubuwan sanannun sun haɗa da jirgi mai ɗauke da kayan tarihi na wasu waliyyai.
Kowace shekara a ranar St. George (Babban Shahidi George Mai Nasara), ana gudanar da fareti a nan. Har ila yau, a ranar Asabar ta farko ko ta biyu a watan Satumba, ranar birnin Moscow, ɗalibai da matasa 'yan Orthodox suna taruwa a bikin "Samuwar Zamani". Jita-jita tana da cewa sanannen ɗan juyin juya halin Rasha Lavrenty Beria an taɓa riƙe shi a ɗayan ɗakunan ajiya.
Muna baka shawara da ka kalli Sistine Chapel.
Zai fi kyau a ziyarci mahadar Krutitskoye a ranakun mako, lokacin da kusan babu kowa a wurin. Wannan hanyar zaku iya duban dukkanin abubuwan gani, ɗauki hotuna masu kyau kuma ku more sirrin.
