Lokacin jera abubuwan tarihi na Siberia, ana ambaton Tobolsk Kremlin da farko. Wannan shine gini daya tilo na wannan sikelin wanda ya wanzu tun karni na 17, kuma Kremlin daya tilo da aka gina da dutse a yankunan Siberia mai arzikin itace. A yau an buɗe Kremlin ga jama'a a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya, inda muminai, talakawan gari da baƙi na yankin ke zuwa kowane lokaci. Baya ga gidan kayan gargajiya, akwai makarantar hauza tauhidi da kuma mazaunin garin Tobolsk.
Tarihin gina Kremlin na Tobolsk
Garin Tobolsk, wanda ya bayyana a shekara ta 1567, a lokacin kasancewarsa ya zama babban birnin Siberia da tsakiyar lardin Tobolsk, mafi girma a Rasha. Kuma Tobolsk ya fara ne da ƙaramin katangar katako, wanda aka gina akan Cape Troitsky Cape, a kan bangon Irtysh.
Da farko, kayan don shi ne allunan jirgin ruwa masu kwale-kwale, wadanda kan su Yermak's Cossacks suka hau jirgi. Karni ɗaya daga baya, haɓakar aikin Siberia tare da amfani da dutse ya fara. Masu ginin Sharypin da Tyutin tare da masu koyon aikinsu, wadanda suka zo daga Moscow, a shekarar 1686 suka gina babban cocin Sophia-Assumption a babban yankin tsohon kurkukun, sannu a hankali gidan Bishops, Trinity Cathedral, hasumiyar ƙararrawa, Cocin St. Sergius na Radonezh da kuma manyan biranen duniya (Gostiny Dvor da Prikaznaya ɗakin bisa ga aikin mai ɗaukar hoto Remezov).
Wasu daga cikinsu an riga an lalata su kuma sun kasance kawai a cikin tunani da zane. Dukan ƙasar ta Kremlin an kewaye ta da wani bango mai faɗi (4 m - tsawo da 620 m - tsawon), an ɗora daga dutse, ɓangarenta wanda da haɗari ya kusanci gefen gefen Troitsky Cape.
A karkashin Yarima Gagarin, gwamnan farko na lardin Siberia, sun fara gina ƙofar nasara ta Dmitrievsky tare da hasumiya da ɗakin sujada. Amma bayan haramcin gina dutse da kuma kame basarake a shekarar 1718, hasumiyar ta kasance ba a kammala ba, an fara amfani da ita azaman sito kuma an sanya mata suna Renterey.
A karshen karni na 18, mai zanen gine-ginen Guchev ya samar da sauye-sauye a tsarin garin, wanda a cewar shi ne Tobolsk Kremlin ya zama cibiyar bude ga jama'a. Saboda wannan, sun fara lalata ganuwar da hasumiyai na sansanin soja, sun gina hasumiya mai kararrawa mai matakai daban-daban - wannan shine ƙarshen shirin. Sabon karni ya kawo sabbin abubuwa: a karni na 19, gidan yari na wadanda aka yankewa hukuncin daurin talala ya bayyana a cikin rukunin gine-ginen Kremlin.
Kremlin ya gani
St. Sophia Cathedral - cocin Orthodox mai aiki a cikin Tobolsk Kremlin da babban abin jan hankali. Da wannan babban cocin ne kowa ya fara bayanin Kremlin. An gina shi a cikin 1680s akan samfurin Katolika na Ascension a Moscow. Cikakke daidai da ra'ayin, babban cocin har ilayau shine zuciya da ruhin dukkanin taron Kremlin. A zamanin Soviet, ana amfani da haikalin azaman ɗakin ajiya, amma a cikin 1961 an saka shi a cikin Tobolsk Museum-Reserve. A cikin 1989, an dawo da Katolika na St. Sophia da aka dawo da shi zuwa Cocin.
Katolika Mai Ceto - babban gidan ibada na daliban makarantar tauhidi. A cikin 1746 an gina shi a matsayin cocin taimako don St. Sophia Cathedral. Cocin Ceto ba shi da dumi, saboda haka ana gudanar da ayyuka a cikinsa a kowane yanayi, musamman galibi a cikin watanni masu sanyi, tunda sanyi ne a cikin babban cocin ba kawai a lokacin hunturu ba, har ma galibin shekara.
Wurin zama yadi - masauki tare da shaguna, an gina shi a shekarar 1708 don ziyartar fatake da mahajjata. Hakanan ya kasance yana dauke da kwastomomi, rumbunan adana kayayyaki da ɗakin sujada. A cikin farfajiyar otal ɗin, wanda a lokaci guda babban cibiyar musaya ne, an kammala ma'amaloli tsakanin 'yan kasuwa, an yi musayar kayayyaki. Daki na biyu na otal din da aka maido zai iya daukar mutane 22 a yau, kuma a hawa na farko, kamar yadda yake a ƙarnnin da suka gabata, akwai shagunan tunawa.
Ginin mai hawa biyu tare da hasumiyoyin kusurwa ya haɗu da abubuwan gine-ginen Rasha da na Gabas. Dakuna da farfajiyoyin ginin an fasalta su da kayan ado irin na gargajiya, amma don saukin bakin, an gina dakunan wanka da ban daki a cikin kowane daki. A cikin Gostiny Dvor, bayan sabuntawa a cikin 2008, ba dakunan otal kawai ba, har ma da bita na masu sana'a na Siberia, da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya na Siberia sun sami matsayin su.
Fadar gwamna - ginin ofishi mai hawa uku wanda aka gina shi da dutse a cikin 1782 a shafin tsohuwar ɗakin Prikaznaya. A shekara ta 1788 fadar ta kone, an maidata ne kawai a 1831. Sabon ginin yana dauke da ofishin mai gabatar da kara, baitul mali, da kuma dakin baitul mali da majalisar lardi. A cikin 2009, an buɗe Fadar Gwamna a matsayin gidan kayan tarihin tarihin Siberia.
Pryamskaya Vzvoz - wani matakala da ke zuwa daga ƙasan Troitsky Cape zuwa Tobolsk Kremlin. Tun daga 1670s, an kafa matakalar katako a kan hawa mai tsawon mita 400, daga baya aka fara rufe shi da matakan dutse, kuma dole ne a ƙarfafa ɓangaren sama don hana ɓarna. A yau matakan da ke da matakai 198 suna kewaye da shinge na katako, kuma a kan yankin Kremlin - bangon riƙewa.
Kaurin katangar tubalin ya kai kimanin mita 3, tsayin ya kai mita 13, tsayinsa ya kai mita 180. Baya ga hana zaftarewar kasa, vzvoz yana matsayin dandamalin kallo. Motsawa sama, an buɗe mahangar Kremlin mai ɗaukaka, kuma yayin motsawa ƙasa, ana ganin hoton Posad na garin.
Rentereya - yanzu gidan ajiyar kayan tarihin, inda ake nuna nune-nune kawai ta hanyar ganawa. An gina ginin ajiya a cikin 1718 a matsayin ɓangare na ƙofar Dmitrievsky. An ajiye baitulmalin sarki a nan, kuma an kawo haya, kuɗin haya da aka tara daga fatun ulu, zuwa cikin waɗannan ɗakunan ɗakunan sarauta daga ko'ina cikin Siberia. Wannan shine yadda sunan Renterey ya bayyana. A yau an gabatar da waɗannan tarin abubuwa a nan: archaeological, ethnographic, science.
Gidan kurkuku - tsohon kurkukun wucewa, wanda aka gina a 1855. A tsawon shekaru, marubuci Korolenko, mai sukar Chernyshevsky, ya ziyarce shi a matsayin fursunoni. A yau ginin yana dauke da gidan kayan tarihin rayuwar kurkuku. Waɗanda suke son taɓa yanayin ɗakunan kurkuku su kwana a ɗakin kwanan '' Fursuna '', a cikin ɗakunan da ba su da sauƙi. Don jawo hankalin abokan ciniki zuwa Tobolsk Kremlin, lokaci zuwa lokaci, ba kawai balaguro ba, har ma ana shirya buƙatun jigo a cikin gidan.
Bayani mai amfani
Gidan buɗe kayan tarihin: daga 10:00 zuwa 18:00.
Yadda zaka isa Tobolsk Kremlin? Ginin ginin yana kan: Tobolsk, Red Square 1. Hanyoyin jigilar jama'a da yawa suna wucewa ta wannan muhimmin wuri. Hakanan zaka iya isa can ta taksi ko motar sirri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa:
- Hoton Tobolsk Kremlin, wanda Dmitry Medvedev ya ɗauka, an siyar da shi a wani gwanjo a shekarar 2016 akan dala miliyan 51.
- Ba wai kawai mutane masu laifi ne aka kora zuwa Tobolsk ba. A cikin 1592, kararrawar Uglich ta isa Kremlin don gudun hijira, wanda aka zarga da firgita game da kisan Tsarevich Dimitri. Shuisky ya ba da umarnin aiwatar da kararrawa, tare da yanke "harshensa da kunnensa", kuma ya aika da shi daga babban birnin. A karkashin Romanovs, an dawo da kararrawa zuwa mahaifarta, kuma an rataya kwafinsa a kan hasumiyar kararrawar Tobolsk.
Muna baka shawara da ka kalli Izmailovsky Kremlin.
Theofar zuwa Kremlin kyauta ne, zaku iya ɗaukar hotuna kyauta. Don balaguro zuwa gidajen tarihi, kuna buƙatar siyan tikitin shiga, yayin da farashin ke ƙasa. Akwai yawon shakatawa masu jagora, ɗayan mutum da ƙungiya masu tsari, waɗanda dole ne a yarda dasu tare da gudanarwa a gaba.
