Haifar da iska mai dauke da wuta da kuma daskarar da tsohuwar kankara a arewa maso gabashin Tanzania, ta hanyar keta gajimare, ta tashi dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro - tsauni mafi tsayi a Afirka - alama ce ta kyakkyawa da abubuwan al'ajabi da ba a gano su ba.
Mutanen Swahili, waɗanda suka taɓa rayuwa a cikin filayen kore mara iyaka na Afirka, ba su taɓa sanin wanzuwar dusar ƙanƙara ba, don haka suka ɗauki farin farin dusar ƙanƙara wanda ke tsara saman dutsen azurfa ce tsarkakakkiya, tana ta sheki a ƙarƙashin hasken rana. Labarin ya narke a cikin tafin shugaban jarumi, wanda ya yanke shawarar hawa Kilimanjaro don gano gangaren taron. 'Yan asalin kasar, wadanda suka fuskanci iska mai dusar kankara ta dusar kankara ta dutsen, suka fara kiranta "mazaunin Allah na Sanyi".
Dutsen Kilimanjaro - dutse mafi tsayi a Afirka
Dutsen yana da ɗaukaka ƙwarai da gaske, tare da tsayi na 5895 a tsayi, yana kan gaba a duk yankin Afirka. Kuna iya samun dutsen mai fitad da wuta a kan taswirar ta mahalli mai zuwa:
- Latitude ta Kudu - 3 ° 4 '32 ″ (3 ° 4 '54).
- Tsawon gabas - 37 ° 21 '11 ″ (37 ° 21 '19).
Dutsen Afirka (kamar yadda ake kiran dutsen mai fitad da wuta), godiya ga aikin dutsen mai fitad da wuta, yana da siffofin halayyar tsaunuka masu tafe da ke zuwa babban kololuwa, wanda ya ƙunshi duwatsu daban-daban guda uku, waɗanda suka zama ɗaya:
Tarihin dutsen dutsen Kilimanjaro
Don koyon tarihin asalin dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro da asalin ci gaban sa ta mutum, kuna buƙatar zurfafa zurfafawa cikin ƙarnuka lokacin da farantin tectonic na Afirka ya tsage. Wani ruwa mai zafin gaske ya tashi daga ƙasan ɓawon ƙasa ya kwarara ta ƙwanƙolin. Wani tsauni da aka kafa a tsakiyar filin, daga samansa wanda lawa ta fashe. Faɗin dutsen mai fitad da wuta ya fara ƙaruwa saboda sanyin da ke cikin rafin mai zafi, a kan kwasfa mai ƙarfi wacce sabbin rafuka ke gudana. Bayan shekaru masu yawa, gangaren Kilimanjaro sun lullube da ciyayi kuma sun sami nau'ikan dabbobi, daga baya kuma mutane suka zauna a kusa.
Godiya ga kayayyakin tarihin da aka samo, an gano lokacin da jama'ar Huachagga suke, waɗanda suka zauna a "zuciyar" Afirka kusan shekaru 400 da suka gabata. Kuma wasu kayan cikin gidan ma sun kai shekaru 2000.
A cewar tatsuniya, mutumin da ya fara jure yanayin da abubuwan da ke tattare da dutsen mai suna Kilimanjaro dan shi ne Sarauniyar Sheba - Tsar Menelik I, wanda ke son zuwa wata duniya tare da dukkan girmamawa a saman dutsen. Daga baya, ɗaya daga cikin magadan sarki kai tsaye ya koma saman don neman ɗimbin dukiya, haɗe da almara irin ta Sulemanu, wacce ke ba wa mai tsaron gidan hikima sosai.
An taɓa yin muhawara da ba a taɓa yin irinta ba a tsakanin masana tarihi na Turai ba kawai game da kasancewar dusar ƙanƙara a saman ba, har ma game da kasancewar dutsen mai fitad da wuta kanta. Mishan Charles New shine farkon wanda ya yi rubuce rubuce bisa hawansa a hukumance a cikin 1871 zuwa tsawo kusan 4000 m. Kuma mamayar mafi girman yankin Afirka (5895 m) ya gudana a cikin 1889 ta Ludwig Purtsheller da Hans Meyer, sakamakon haka aka shimfida hanyoyin hawa tsaunuka. Koyaya, kafin hawan, an riga an ambaci dutsen da dusar ƙanƙara ta lulluɓe akan taswirar Ptolemy, wanda ya faro tun ƙarni na II na AD, kuma ranar da aka gano dutsen mai fitad da wuta a hukumance 1848 ne albarkacin fastocin nan na Jamus Johannes Rebman.
Mai aiki ko ya bace
Dayawa suna da sha'awar wannan tambayar: shin dutsen tsawa na Kilimanjaro yana aiki ko kuwa baiyi bacci ba? Bayan duk wannan, wasu fasahohi lokaci-lokaci suna sakin tarin gas a waje. Masana, suna amsa tambayar ko yiwuwar fashewa, suna cewa: "Ko da karamin faduwa zai iya shafar farkawar dutsen, sakamakon haka duwatsun za su yi rauni."
A cikin 2003, masana kimiyya sun yanke hukunci cewa narkakken ƙwayar yana cikin zurfin mita 400 daga Kibo. Bugu da kari, yanayin da ke tattare da saurin narkewar kankara na jan hankali sosai. Murfin dusar ƙanƙara yana raguwa, don haka ba da daɗewa ba masana ke zaton ɓacewar dusar kankara a saman Kilimanjaro. A shekara ta 2005, a karon farko, an kwance saman dutsen daga murfin farin-dusar ƙanƙan saboda ƙananan ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara.
Muna ba ku shawara ku kalli dutsen mai suna Vesuvius.
Ba shi yiwuwa a gano sau nawa dutsen ya yi aman wuta, amma bisa bayanin masanin ilimin kasa Hans Mayer, wanda ya ga ramin ya cika da kankara gaba daya, babu wani aikin dutsen mai fitarwa.
Flora da fauna
Yanayin da ke kewaye da dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro na musamman ne: zafin rana mai zafi da masarautar iska mai kankara sun rabu da juna ta hanyar 'yan dubun dubbai kawai. Lokacin hawa dutse, matafiyi ya shawo kan yankuna daban-daban na yanayi tare da yanayin mutum da ciyayi.
Bushland - 800-1800 m... Theafar dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro yana kewaye da yanki mai ciyayi, wasu lokutan bishiyoyi da ciyawa da ciyayi. An rarraba yawancin iska zuwa yanayi: a cikin hunturu - na wurare masu zafi, a lokacin rani - mai daidaitawa. A kan matsakaita, yawan zafin jiki bai wuce 32 ° C. Dangane da wurin da dutsen mai fitad da wuta yake kusa da ekweita, ana lura da hazo mai yawa fiye da a wurare masu nisa na yankin sararin samaniya. Babban sana'ar jama'ar yankin shine noma. Mutane na noman wake, gyada, masara, kofi, shinkafa. Ana iya samun shukokin suga a ƙasan dutsen. Daga cikin dabbobin da ke wannan yankin na damuna akwai birai, baƙon zuma, barori da damisa. Wannan yankin da aka noma tare da hanyoyin ruwa na ban ruwa shine yankin Kilimanjaro mai cunkoson jama'a. Mazauna yankin ba sa keɓe albarkatun ƙasa, ba tare da tausayi ba suna sare ciyayi don bukatun gida.
Gandun daji - 1800-2800 m... Saboda yawan ruwan sama (2000 mm), ana lura da fure iri daban-daban a wannan matakin, har ma ana iya samun nau'ikan da ba safai a nan. Halin halayyar bel ɗin shine kaifi mai kauri a cikin zafin jiki na dare, amma galibi yana da dumi a wannan yankin tsawon shekara.
Yankin makiyaya - 2800-4000 m... A wannan tsaunin, an rufe gangaren Kilimanjaro a cikin hazo mai yawa, saboda haka tsire-tsire suna cike da danshi, wanda ke ba su damar girma a cikin irin wannan busasshiyar yanayin. Akwai gonakin itacen eucalyptus, cypresses, da mazaunan gida suna hawan gangaren don shuka kayan lambu a wurare masu inuwa. Masu yawon bude ido suna da damar duba filayen da Lanurian lobelia ke tsirowa, har suka kai tsayin mita 10. Akwai kuma fure na daji, amma ba na talakawa ba, amma manya. Don ƙarin fahimtar sikelin da kyau na babban gandun daji, yana da daraja kallon hotunan masu yawon bude ido. Poasa mai iska mai iska mai iska ta ba da damar yawan albarkatu masu yawa su yi girma.
Wasteasa mai tsayi - 4000-5000 m... Yankin babban yanayin zafin jiki. A rana, iska tana dumama har zuwa 35 ° C, kuma da dare alamar zata iya sauka kasa 0 ° C. Prearancin ruwan sama yana shafar ƙarancin ciyayi. A wannan tsaunin, masu hawa dutsen suna jin digo a cikin matsin yanayi da kuma raguwar zafin iska. A irin wannan yanayi, zai yi wuya a numfasa sosai.
Yankin Arctic - 5000-5895 m... An rufe wannan bel ɗin da dusar ƙanƙara mai kauri da ƙasa mai duwatsu. Flora da fauna a saman basu cika kasancewa ba. Yanayin iska ya sauka zuwa -9 ° C.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Don hawa saman Kibo, ba a buƙatar horo na musamman na hawa dutse ba, kyakkyawan yanayin jiki ya isa. Gangar dutsen mai fitad da wuta yana daga cikin tsaunuka bakwai da masu hawan dutse da masu yawon bude ido ke son cin nasara. Hawan Kilimanjaro ana ɗauka mai sauƙi ne, amma kashi 40% cikin ɗari na waɗanda ke son cinye saman suka cimma burin ƙarshe.
- Kowa ya san ko a wane yanki ne akwai wani dutsen mai fitad da wuta mai karfi, amma mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa yana kan iyakar kasashen biyu - Tanzania da Kenya.
- A cikin 2009, a zaman wani ɓangare na taron agaji, masu hawan hawa marasa hango 8 sun hau kan taron. Kuma a cikin 2003 da 2007, matafiyi Bernard Gusen ya cinye dutsen a cikin keken hannu.
- A kowace shekara ana kashe mutane 10 a kan gangaren dutsen.
- A cikin yanayi mai danshi, idan hazo ya zagaye gindin dutsen, akwai alamun tashin hankali, kamar dai Kilimanjaro wani tsauni ne mara nauyi, yana hawa kan filayen kore mara iyaka.
- Yankin da dutsen mai fitad da wuta ke da iko dauke da tarin iska da ke zuwa daga tekun Indiya.
- Dutsen "mai walƙiya" yana da girma ƙwarai da gaske idan taron ƙanƙara ya daina samar da koguna da rafuka, to makiyaya za ta bushe, dazuzzuka masu yawa za su lalace. Mazauna gari zasu bar gidajensu su tafi, su bar hamada inda dabbobi ma basa iya rayuwa a ciki.
