Leaning Tower na Pisa sananne ne ga tsarinta na musamman ga kusan kowane baligi, saboda suna magana game da shi a makaranta. Yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali da aka ziyarta a Italiya. Shekaru da yawa, ba a ba wa masu yawon bude ido izinin shiga cikin ginin da ke jingina ba, amma tun da aka hana "faduwar", a yau wadanda suke so za su iya hawa zuwa hasumiyar kararrawa kuma su kalli wurin bude wurin shakatawa na Mu'ujiza.
Jingina Hasumiyar Pisa a Cikakkun bayanai
Ga waɗanda basu san inda hasumiyar jingina take ba, yana da kyau zuwa garin Pisa. Haɗin jan hankali: 43 ° 43'22. S. sh 10 ° 23'47 ″ a cikin e) Hasumiyar ƙararrawa ɓangare ne na Katolika na Pisa, wanda yake a dandalin Mu'ujizai. Ya haɗu da:
- Cathedral na Santa Maria;
- karkatar sansanin;
- gidan wanka;
- hurumi na Santa Campo.
Tsayin a mita ya banbanta daga bangarori daban-daban saboda gangaren: babba shine 56.7 m, ƙarami shine 55.86 m.Gefen kafuwar shine mita 15.5. Belfry yakai nauyin tan dubu 14. Hangen nesa na digiri a yau ya kai 3 ° 54 ′.
Tarihin gini da ceton sa
Tarihin ƙirƙirar hasumiyar ƙararrawa ya faɗi tsawon ɗaruruwan shekaru, saboda ya zama dole a nemi mafita ta yadda tsarin ba zai rasa kwanciyar hankali ba. Bozanno Pisano ne ya kirkiro aikin hasumiyar kararrawa ta gaba, wanda ya fara gini a shekarar 1172. Bayan an gama ginin bene na farko da kuma ginshikai guda biyu na hawa na gaba, tsarin ya fara faduwa gefe daya. Kamar yadda ya juya, kasar da ke karkashin tushe a gefen kudu maso gabas ta kasance mai yumbu, wanda hakan ne ya sa ta zube a karkashin tasirin ruwan karkashin kasa. An dakatar da aikin gina hasumiyar, kuma maigidan ya bar aikin bai gama ba.
Daga baya, ƙasar da ke kafuwar ta ɗan ƙarfafa, kuma a cikin 1198 har ma an buɗe ginin ga baƙi. An ci gaba da aiki a kan hasumiyar kararrawa a cikin 1233; bayan shekaru 30, an kawo marmara don facade. A karshen karni na 13, an riga an gina hawa shida na Hasumiyar Leaning na Pisa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ginin mai lankwasa ya fara fito da kishiyar bayan wasu gine-ginen, kuma sauyawar ya riga yakai 90 cm daga gabar. An gina shi gaba ɗaya a karni na 14th na hamsin, sannan bene na takwas tare da belfry ya bayyana. Duk da tsawon shekarun da aka gina hasumiyar, ba a san shekarar aikin da aka yi daidai ba. Wasu suna jayayya cewa wannan 1350 ne, wasu suna magana akan 1372.
Mutane da yawa sun tambayi dalilin da ya sa aka karkata hasumiyar, har ma sun yi iƙirarin cewa tun asali an tsara ta ne. Amma hujjoji sun tabbatar da akasin haka, saboda a lokacin da aka tsara tsarin, ba a kula da alamomin ƙasa. An kafa tushe sosai, a zurfin mita 3, wanda a cikin ƙasa mai laushi yake cike da lalata. Hasumiyar ƙararrawa ba ta faɗi kawai daga gaskiyar cewa har zuwa yau ana ci gaba da aiki don ƙarfafa tushe.
A farkon karni na 19, mazauna garin sun yi mamakin yaushe babban filin zai faɗi bayan an cire wani ɓangare na ƙasar a tushe don dalilai masu kyau. Tsarin ya fara birgima sau da yawa da ƙarfi, kuma ga mutane da yawa ya zama asiri ga yadda suka kiyaye shi.
Aiki mai ƙarfi don ƙarfafa tushe ya fara a farkon karni na 20 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa yau. Da farko, an ƙarfafa tushe, yana mai da ruwa da siminti mai ruwa, kuma daga baya, an haɗa ma'aunin nauyi a ginshiƙan katako daga gefen arewa, waɗanda ya kamata su daidaita tsarin. An gudanar da babban aikin tare da ƙasa: a zahiri an wankeshi kaɗan da kaɗan, kuma an sanya matattarar rawar a ƙarƙashin tsarin. A sakamakon haka, Hasumiyar Jingina ta Pisa ta zama kamar yadda take a yau, kusurwarsa ta ragu da kusan digiri daya da rabi.
Facade da ƙirar ciki na hasumiyar kararrawa
Ya kamata mutum ya kalli yadda hasumiyar take daga waje, kuma kai tsaye kana so ka mai da ita ga abubuwan al'ajabi 7 na duniya. An yi shi da marmara, amma abubuwan buɗewa a cikin salon Gothic sun sa tsari mai hawa takwas ya zama iska wanda babu hoton da zai iya ba da ainihin kyawunsa. Farkon bene na Leaning Tower na Pisa kurma ne, an kawata shi da bakuna masu ginshiƙai 15. A saman ƙofar akwai zane-zane na karni na 15 na Maryamu da Yaro.
Fagen hawa iri ɗaya iri ɗaya suna da sha'awar gine-ginensu. Kowane bene ya ƙunshi ginshiƙai 30 waɗanda suka juya zuwa bakan buɗewa, fanko a cikin su, wanda ke sa ƙimar gaba ɗaya ta zama haske. An yi ado da kyan gani tare da zane na dabbobin sihiri. Ga wadanda ke da sha'awar yawan kararrawa da aka sanya a ciki, yana da kyau a ambata cewa akwai bakwai daga cikinsu, kuma mafi girma ana kiransa L'Assunta (Assumption).
Sansanin sansanin ba karamin ban sha'awa bane daga ciki kamar daga waje. An yi wa bangonta ado da hotuna a jikin bas-reliefs. Hawan benaye, zaku iya ziyartar ɗakunan hasumiyar, kowane ɗayan yana ɓoye sirrinsa. Makircin matakalar hawa zuwa hawan kararrawa yana karkace; Matakai 294 suna kaiwa zuwa saman, girmansa yana raguwa da kowane bene. Hangen nesa yana da ban sha'awa, yana jin kamar anyi aiki dalla-dalla kowane daki-daki.
Jingina Hasumiyar Pisa
Akwai labari mai ban sha'awa wanda ke bayanin dalilin da ya sa hasumiyar ta karkata. A cewarta, maigidan Pisano ne ya kirkiro ginin, yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau, ya daukaka kai tsaye, kuma babu abin da zai iya bata bayyanar. Bayan kammala aikin, sai mai ginin ya juya ga malamai don biya, amma suka ƙi shi. Maigidan ya bata rai, ya juya kuma a karshe ya jefa zuwa ga hasumiyar: "Bi ni!" Da zaran ya faɗi haka, halittunsa, kamar suna yin biyayya, sunkuya bayan mahaliccin.
Wani labari yana da alaƙa da ayyukan Galileo Galilei. Wasu kafofin sun ambaci cewa babban masanin ya sauke gawarwakin mutane daban-daban daga hasumiyar kararrawa domin tabbatar wa malamai daga Jami'ar Pisa dokar jan hankalin duniya.
Muna ba da shawarar karantawa game da Hasumiyar Syuyumbike.
Kari kan haka, tarihin Galileo ya kuma nuna cewa gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ke hade da juzu'in pendulum, shi ma yana da alaka da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a Hasumiyar Leaning na Pisa. Har zuwa yanzu, waɗannan bayanan suna haifar da rikici a cikin lamuran kimiyya, tunda wasu suna jayayya cewa wannan almara ce, wasu suna magana ne game da yanayin yanayin rayuwar mutum.
Ban mamaki game da jingina hasumiya
Sananne ne daga tarihi cewa ƙirar sansanin ba shi da karko, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yake ƙara zuwa kudu kowace shekara. Amma, duk da wannan, sanannen hasumiyar ƙararrawa bai lalace ta girgizar ƙasa ba, wanda ya riga ya faru a Tuscany fiye da sau ɗaya.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa ma sun shafi Hall of Fish, akan bangonsa akwai bas-sauƙi na wata halitta wacce ke alama ce ta Kiristanci. Babu rufi a cikin wannan ɗakin, kuma masu yawon buɗe ido, suna kallon sama, suna iya ganin sararin sama kamar ta babban madubin hangen nesa.
Amfani ga masu yawon bude ido
Duk da cewa an gina Hasumiyar Eiffel a cikin 1889, sha'awa cikin Hasumiyar Leaning na Pisa ta ci gaba har zuwa yau. Masu yawon bude ido har yanzu suna mamakin dalilin da ya sa aka gina hasumiyar kararrawar, a wace kasa ce, ko za ta taba faduwa kuma me ya sa ta karkata. Katolika na son ƙirƙirar hasumiyar ƙararrawa mai ban mamaki, wanda ba za a iya kwatanta shi da kowane masallaci ba, kuma sun yi nasarar ƙirƙirar wata mu'ujiza ta gaske wacce ke ba da tarihinta a cikin hotunan masu yawon buɗe ido kowace rana.
Adireshin hasumiyar ƙararrawa: Piazza dei Miracoli, Pisa. Samun filin ba wuya, amma ya cancanci bincika awannin buɗewa a gaba. Sun bambanta ba dangane da yanayi ba, amma a watan, don haka lokacin shirya hutu yana da daraja kallon jadawalin aiki. Sau ɗaya a cikin Park na Ayyukan al'ajibai, ba kwa buƙatar neman Hasumiyar Hasumiyar Pisa, saboda ta fita daga gaba ɗaya saboda sha'awarta.
A lokacin balaguron, tabbas za su ba da taƙaitaccen bayanin tarihin hasumiyar kararrawa, su faɗi tsawon lokacin da aka gina belfry da abin da aka san shi da shi, amma abu mafi mahimmanci ba shine rasa damar hawa bene ba. Sai kawai a saman ne kawai za ku iya sha'awar abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi kuma ka ji a kanka yadda hasumiyar take da abin da ya sa ta zama ta musamman.
