Yaƙi akan kankara ko yaƙi a kan Lake Peipsi - yakin da aka yi a kan dusar kankara ta Peipsi a ranar 5 ga Afrilu (12 ga Afrilu) 1242 tare da halartar Izhora, Novgorodians da Vladimirs, wanda Alexander Nevsky ya jagoranta, a gefe guda, da sojojin na Livonian Order, a daya bangaren.
Yaƙin kan Ice shine ɗayan shahararrun yaƙe-yaƙe a tarihin Rasha. Idan aka fatattaki sojojin Rasha a yaƙi, da tarihin Rasha na iya ɗaukar wata hanyar daban.
Ana shirin yaƙi
Bayan da 'yan Sweden suka sha kashi a yakin Neva shekaru biyu da suka gabata,' Yan Salibiyyar 'Yan Jamusawa sun fara shiri sosai don yakin soja. Ya kamata a lura cewa saboda wannan Dokar Teutonic ta ba da wasu sojoji.
Shekaru 4 kafin fara kamfen din soja, Dietrich von Grüningen an zabe shi Jagora na Livonian Order. Da yawa daga masana tarihi sunyi imanin cewa shi ne ya fara kamfen ɗin yaƙi da Rasha.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, Paparoma Gregory 9 ya goyi bayan 'yan yakin basasar, wanda ya shirya yakin kin jinin Finland a 1237. Bayan wasu shekaru, Gregory 9 ya yi kira ga yariman Rasha da su nuna girmamawa ga umarnin kan iyaka.
A lokacin, sojojin Novgorodian sun riga sun sami kwarewar soja tare da Jamusawa. Alexander Nevsky, fahimtar ayyukan 'yan salihan, daga 1239 ya tsunduma cikin ƙarfafa matsayi a kan dukkan layin kudu maso yamma, amma Sweden sun faɗo daga arewa maso yamma.
Bayan kayen nasu, Alexander ya ci gaba da zamanantar da garuruwan yakin, sannan kuma ya auri diyar yariman Polotsk, don haka ya nemi goyon bayansa a yakin da ke tafe. A cikin 1240, 'yan salibiyyar sun tafi Rasha, inda suka kame Izbork, kuma a shekara ta gaba suka kewaye garin Pskov.
A watan Maris 1242 Alexander Nevsky ya 'yantar da Pskov daga Jamusawa, tare da tura makiya zuwa yankin Peipsi. A can ne za a yi yaƙin almara, wanda zai shiga cikin tarihi da sunan - Yaƙin kan Ice.
Ci gaban yaƙi a taƙaice
Arangama ta farko tsakanin 'yan salihan da sojojin Rasha ta fara ne a watan Afrilu 1242. Babban kwamandan Jamusawan shi ne Andreas von Velven, wanda ke da sojoji dubu 11 a hannunsa. Hakanan, Alexander yana da mayaƙa kusan 16,000, waɗanda ke da muggan makamai.
Koyaya, kamar yadda lokaci zai nuna, ammonium masu kyau zasu yi wasa da ba'a tare da sojojin Livonian Order.
Shahararren Yaƙin a kan Ice ya faru ne a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1242. A yayin harin, sojojin na Jamusawa sun tafi ga abokan gaba "alade" - tsari na musamman na yaƙi na dakaru da mahayan dawakai, wanda ke tuna da wata kaɗan. Nevsky ya ba da umarnin kai hari ga abokan gaba tare da maharba, bayan wannan kuma ya ba da umarnin kai farmaki ga gefen Jamusawa.
A sakamakon haka, an tura 'yan salihan gaba, suna samun kansu a kan kankara na Lake Peipsi. Lokacin da Jamusawa suka ja da baya kan kankara, sun fahimci haɗarin abin da ke faruwa, amma ya makara. Karkashin nauyin kayan yaki masu nauyi, kankara ta fara tsagewa a karkashin ƙafafun mayaƙa. A dalilin haka ne wannan yakin ya zama sananne da yakin Kankara.
A sakamakon haka, Jamusawa da yawa sun nitse cikin kogin, amma har yanzu galibin sojojin Andreas von Velven sun sami damar guduwa. Bayan wannan, ƙungiyar Nevsky, tare da ɗan sauƙi, sun kori abokan gaba daga ƙasashen masarautar Pskov.
Sakamakon da mahimmancin tarihi na Yaƙin kan Ice
Bayan babbar kaye a Tafkin Peipsi, wakilan Livonian da Teutonic Umarni sun kulla yarjejeniya tare da Alexander Nevsky. A lokaci guda, sun bar duk wata da'awa zuwa yankin Rasha.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, bayan shekaru 26, Dokar Livonian za ta keta yarjejeniyar. Za a yi Yaƙin Rakov, inda sojojin Rasha za su sake yin nasara. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Yaƙin Ice, Nevsky, ya yi amfani da damar, ya yi kamfen na cin nasara da yawa ga Lithuanians.
Idan muka yi la'akari da yaƙin da aka yi a kan tafkin Peipsi a cikin maganganun tarihi, to mahimmin matsayin Alexander shi ne cewa ya sami nasarar hana kai hari daga runduna mafi ƙarfi ta 'yan salihan. Abin birgewa ne a lura da ra'ayin sanannen ɗan tarihin Lev Gumilyov game da wannan yaƙi.
Mutumin ya yi jayayya cewa idan Jamusawa za su iya mamaye Rasha, wannan zai haifar da ƙarshen kasancewarta, kuma, saboda haka, zuwa ƙarshen Rasha ta gaba.
Wani madadin ra'ayi game da yaƙin a Tekun Peipsi
Saboda gaskiyar cewa masana kimiyya ba su san ainihin wurin yakin ba, kuma suna da bayanai na kananun bayanai, an samar da wasu ra'ayoyi 2 game da Yakin Ice a shekarar 1242.
- A cewar wani fasali, Yaƙin kan Ice bai taɓa faruwa kwata-kwata ba, kuma duk bayanin game da shi ƙirƙirar masana tarihi ne waɗanda suka rayu a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18-19. Musamman, Soloviev, Karamzin da Kostomarov. Opinionan ƙalilan ne suka yarda da wannan ra'ayin, tunda yana da matukar wahala a musanta gaskiyar Yaƙin a kan Kankara. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa ana samun taƙaitaccen bayanin yaƙin a cikin rubuce rubucen da aka fara daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 13, da kuma a cikin tarihin Jamusawa.
- Dangane da wani fasalin, Yaƙin kan Ice na ƙarami ne sosai, saboda akwai 'yan kaɗan game da shi. Idan dakaru dubbai da yawa sun haɗu da gaske, da an bayyana yaƙin sosai. Don haka, arangamar ta fi kyau.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yayin da masana tarihi na Rasha masu iko suka musanta sigar farko, suna da muhimmiyar hujja dangane da ta biyu: koda kuwa girman yakin ya wuce gona da iri, wannan bai kamata ya rage nasarar da Rasha ta samu akan 'yan yakin ba.
Hoton Yaƙin a kan kankara
