Hagia Sophia itace hubbaren addinan duniya guda biyu kuma ɗayan manya-manyan gine-gine a duniyarmu. Tsawon ƙarni goma sha biyar, Hagia Sophia ita ce babbar mafakar manyan dauloli biyu - Byzantine da Ottoman, bayan da suka shiga cikin mawuyacin halin tarihinsu. Kasancewar ta sami matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya a 1935, ya zama alama ce ta sabuwar Turkiya wacce ta hau kan tafarkin ci gaban mutane.
Tarihin halittar Hagia Sophia
A ƙarni na huɗu A.D. e. babban sarki Constantine ya gina basilica na kirista a dandalin kasuwar. Shekaru da yawa daga baya, wannan ginin ya lalace da wuta. A wurin da wutar ta tashi, an gina basilica ta biyu, wacce ta sha wahala iri daya. A shekara ta 532, sarki Justiniya ya fara gina katafaren gidan ibada, wanda mutane basu sani ba, domin daukaka sunan Ubangiji har abada.
Mafi kyawun gine-ginen wancan lokacin sun kula da ma'aikata dubu goma. An kawo marmara, zinariya, hauren giwa don ado na Hagia Sophia daga ko'ina cikin daular. An kammala ginin a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, kuma bayan shekaru biyar, a cikin 537, Sarkin ƙasar Constantinople ya tsarkake ginin.
Bayan haka, Hagia Sophia ta sha fama da girgizar ƙasa da dama - na farko ya faru ne jim kaɗan bayan kammala ginin kuma ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa. A cikin 989, girgizar ƙasa ta haifar da rushewar dome na babban cocin, wanda ba da daɗewa ba aka maido da shi.
Masallacin addinai biyu
Sama da shekaru 900, Hagia Sophia ita ce babbar cocin Kirista na Daular Byzantine. A nan ne a cikin 1054 abubuwan da suka faru suka raba cocin zuwa Orthodox da Katolika.
Daga 1209 zuwa 1261, babban wurin bautar mabiya addinin kirista na Orthodox ya kasance a hannun 'yan salibiyyar Katolika, waɗanda suka wawashe shi suka tafi da shi Italiya yawancin kayan tarihi da aka ajiye a nan.
A ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1453, an yi hidimar kirista ta karshe a tarihin Hagia Sophia a nan, washegari kuma Konstantinoful ya faɗo ƙarƙashin bugun sojojin Sultan Mehmed II, kuma an mai da haikalin masallaci ta wurin umarnin sa.
Kuma kawai a cikin karni na XX, lokacin da shawarar Ataturk, Hagia Sophia ta zama gidan kayan gargajiya, an sake daidaita daidaito.
Muna baku shawara ku karanta game da Kazan Cathedral.
Hagia Sophia tsari ne na musamman na addini, wanda a ciki zane-zanen da ke nuna waliyyan kirista gefe da gefe tare da surori daga Alkurani da aka rubuta a jikin manyan baki, kuma minaret sun kewaye ginin, wanda aka gina shi da salon da cocin Byzantine yake bi.
Gine-gine da ado na ciki
Babu hoto guda daya da zai isar da daukaka da kuma kyaun halin Hagia Sophia. Amma ginin da yake yanzu ya banbanta da na asali: an sake gina dome sama da sau ɗaya, kuma a zamanin musulmai an ƙara gine-gine da mininare guda huɗu a cikin babban ginin.
Asalin haikalin ya kasance daidai da canons na salon Rumawa. A cikin haikalin yana da girma fiye da waje. Babban dome tsarin ya kunshi babban dome wanda ya kai mita 55 a tsayi da kuma rufi da yawa na hemispherical. Hanyoyin gefen gefe daga ginshiƙan malachite da ginshiƙan porphyry, waɗanda aka ɗauka daga gidajen bautar arna na tsoffin biranen.
Yawancin frescoes da mosaics masu ban mamaki sun tsira daga ado na Byzantine har zuwa yau. A shekarun da masallacin ya kasance anan, an rufe bangon da filastar, kuma labulen da yake da shi ya kiyaye waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki har zuwa yau. Idan aka kalle su, ana iya tunanin yadda ado yake a cikin mafi kyawun lokuta. Canje-canje a zamanin Ottoman, banda minarets, sun haɗa da mihrab, marbar minbar da akwatin Sultan wanda aka yiwa ado.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
- Sabanin yadda aka sani, ba a saka sunan haikalin bayan Saint Sophia ba, amma an keɓe shi ne ga Hikimar Allah (“Sophia” na nufin “hikima” a Hellenanci).
- Kaburburan sarakuna da matansu da yawa suna kan yankin Hagia Sophia. Daga cikin waɗanda aka binne a cikin kaburbura, akwai yara da yawa waɗanda suka zama waɗanda ke cikin mummunan gwagwarmayar neman maye gurbin sarauta, wanda aka saba a wancan lokacin.
- An yi amannar cewa Shroud na Turin an ajiye shi a cikin Cathedral na Sophia har zuwa lokacin ganimar haikalin a karni na 13.
Bayani mai amfani: yadda zaka isa gidan kayan gargajiya
Hagia Sophia tana cikin tsohuwar gundumar Istanbul, inda akwai wuraren tarihi da yawa - Masallacin Masallaci, Gidan Ruwa, Topkapi. Wannan shine mafi mahimmin gini a cikin birni, kuma ba Istanbulan asalin Istanbul kaɗai ba, har ma kowane touristan yawon buɗe ido zai gaya muku yadda zaku isa gidan kayan tarihin. Kuna iya zuwa can ta hanyar safarar jama'a akan layin T1 tram (Sultanahmet stop).
An buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya daga 9:00 zuwa 19:00, kuma daga Oktoba 25 zuwa Afrilu 14 - har zuwa 17:00. Litinin ranar hutu ce. Kullum akwai dogon layi a ofishin tikiti, don haka kuna buƙatar zuwa a gaba, musamman a lokutan yamma: tallan tikiti yana tsayawa awa ɗaya kafin rufewa. Kuna iya siyan tikitin lantarki akan shafin yanar gizon Hagia Sophia. Entranceofar tana biyan kuɗi 40.
