Tsawon shekara dubu, Byzantium, ko Daular Roman ta Gabas, sun kasance a matsayin magajin tsohuwar Rome a wayewa. Jihar tare da babban birninta a Konstantinoful ba tare da matsaloli ba, amma ta jimre da hare-haren baƙi, wanda ya lalata Daular Roman ta Yamma da sauri. A cikin Daular, ilimin kimiya, fasaha da doka ya bunkasa, kuma likitancin Baizantine yayi karatun ta natsu hatta ma Larabawa masu warkarwa. A ƙarshen wanzuwar ta, Daular ita ce kawai madaidaiciyar tabo a taswirar Turai, wanda ya faɗi a cikin duhu na farkon Zamanin Zamani. Byzantium yana da mahimmancin gaske dangane da adana tsohuwar al'adun Girka da Roman. Bari muyi ƙoƙarin sanin tarihin Daular Roman ta Gabas tare da taimakon factsan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa.
1. A ƙa'ida, babu rabewar daular Roman. Ko a zamanin hadin kai, jihar tana saurin rasa hadin kai saboda girmanta. Saboda haka, sarakunan sassan yamma da gabas na jihar sun kasance a hade tare.
2. Byzantium ta wanzu daga 395 (mutuwar sarkin Rome Theodosius I) zuwa 1453 (kame Turkawa na Constantinople).
3. A gaskiya, sunan "Byzantium" ko "Daular Byzantine" da aka karɓa daga masanan tarihin Roman. Mazaunan daular Gabas da kansu sun kira ƙasar daular Rome, da kansu su Roman (“Romawa”), zuwa Constantinople Sabuwar Rome.
Matsayin kuzarin ci gaban daular Byzantine
4. Yankin da Constantinople yake iko da shi koyaushe yana birgima, yana fadada ƙarƙashin manyan sarakuna kuma yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin masu rauni. A lokaci guda, yankin na jihar ya canza wasu lokuta. Matsayin kuzarin ci gaban daular Byzantine
5. Byzantium yana da nasa analog na canza launin launi. A shekara ta 532, mutane sun fara nuna rashin gamsuwarsu da munanan manufofin sarki Justin. Sarkin ya gayyaci taron jama'a don yin shawarwari a Hippodrome, inda kawai sojojin suka hallaka wadanda ba su ji daɗi ba. Masana tarihi suna rubutu game da mutuwar dubun dubatan mutane, kodayake wannan adadin zai iya yin yawa.
6. Kiristanci yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da daular gabashin Roman. Koyaya, a ƙarshen Daular, ta taka rawar gani mara kyau: da yawa daga igiyoyin addinin Kirista ana da'awar a cikin ƙasar, wanda bai taimaka ga haɗin kan cikin ba.
7. A karni na 7, Larabawan da suka yi yaki tare da Constantinople sun nuna irin wannan hakuri ga sauran addinai har kabilun da ke karkashin mulkin Byzantium suka gwammace su ci gaba da zama a karkashin mulkinsu.
8. Tsawon shekaru 22 a karni na 8 - 9 mace ta yi mulkin Byzantium - da farko mai mulki tare da danta, wanda ta makantar da shi, sannan kuma cikakkiyar masarauta. Duk da tsananin zaluntar da aka yiwa zuri'arta, Irina ta kasance mai son ci gaba da dawo da gumaka cikin majami'u.
9. Lambobin Byzantium tare da Russia sun fara a ƙarni na 9. Daular ta kawar da bugu na maƙwabta daga kowane bangare, ta rufe kanta da Bahar Maliya daga arewa. Ga Slav, ba ta kasance cikas ba, don haka Rumawa suka yi aikewa da wakilan diflomasiyya zuwa arewa.
10. Karni na 10 ya kasance alama ta kusan ci gaba da jerin rikice-rikicen soja da tattaunawa tsakanin Rasha da Byzantium. Gangamin kamfen din da aka yi wa Constantinople (kamar yadda Slav ke kira Constantinople) ya ƙare tare da digiri daban-daban na nasara. A cikin 988, Yarima Vladimir ya yi baftisma, wanda ya karɓi gimbiya Byzantine Anna a matsayin matarsa, kuma Rasha da Byzantium sun yi sulhu.
11. Raba cocin kirista zuwa na Orthodox tare da cibiya a Constantinople da Katolika tare da cibiya a Italia ya faru ne a shekara ta 1054 a lokacin tsananin raunin daular Byzantine. A zahiri, farkon farawar sabuwar Rome ne.
Guguwar Constantinople ta 'yan mulkin mallaka
12. A shekarar 1204, ‘Yan Salibiyyar suka kame Constantinople. Bayan kisan kiyashi, ganima da gobara, yawan mutanen garin ya faɗi daga 250 zuwa 50,000. Yawancin masanan al'adu da wuraren tarihi sun lalace. Guguwar Constantinople ta 'yan mulkin mallaka
13. A matsayina na mahalarta yaƙi na huɗu, ƙungiyar mahalarta 22 ta cinye Constantinople.
Ottomans sun karɓi Constantinople
14. A lokacin karni na 14 da 15, manyan makiya Byzantium sune Ottoman. A takaice suna cinye yankin daula daga yanki, lardi zuwa lardi, har sai a cikin 1453 Sultan Mehmed II ya kame Constantinople, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen daula mai ƙarfi sau ɗaya. Ottomans sun karɓi Constantinople
15. Manyan mashahuran mulki na Daular Byzantine ya kasance mai tsananin motsi na zamantakewa. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, sojojin haya, talakawa, har ma da mai canjin kudi sun shiga cikin masarautun. Wannan kuma ya shafi mafi girman mukaman gwamnati.
16. Lalacewar Daula tana da kyau ta lalacewar sojoji. Magadan mafi karfi sojoji da sojojin ruwa da suka kame Italiya da Arewacin Afirka kusan zuwa Ceuta sojoji 5,000 ne kawai wadanda suka kare Constantinople daga Ottomans a cikin 1453.
Abin tunawa ga Cyril da Methodius
17. Cyril da Methodius, waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri haruffan Slavic, 'yan Bizan ne.
18. Iyalan Byzantine suna da yawa. Yawancin lokaci, yawancin dangi na dangi sun kasance cikin iyali ɗaya, daga kakanni zuwa jikoki. Iyalan dangi da suka san mu sun kasance gama gari a cikin masu martaba. Sun yi aure kuma sun yi aure tun suna da shekaru 14-15.
19. Matsayin mace a cikin iyali shima ya ta'allaka ne akan irin da'irar da take. Mata na gari sune ke kula da gidan, sun rufe fuskokinsu da barguna kuma basu bar rabin gidan ba. Wakilan manyan bangarorin al'umma na iya yin tasiri ga siyasar jihar gaba ɗaya.
20. Tare da kusancin yawancin mata daga waje, an mai da hankali sosai ga kyawun su. Kayan shafawa, mai mai kamshi da turare sun shahara. Sau da yawa ana kawo su daga ƙasashe masu nisa.
21. Babban hutu a Daular Roman ta Gabas shine ranar haihuwar babban birnin - 11 ga Mayu. Bukukuwa da bukukuwa sun rufe yawan jama'ar ƙasar, kuma tsakiyar hutun shi ne Hippodrome a cikin Konstantinoful.
22. Rumawa sun kasance wawaye. Firistoci, saboda sakamakon gasar, an tilasta su lokaci zuwa lokaci don hana irin wannan nishaɗi mara lahani kamar ɗan lido, masu duba ko dara, balle kuma yin keke - wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiya tare da kulake na musamman.
23. Tare da cigaban kimiyya gaba daya, Rumawa kusan ba su mai da hankali ga ka'idojin kimiyya ba, suna wadatarwa ne kawai da bangarorin ilimin kimiya. Misali, sun kirkiri napalm na zamanin da - "Wutar Girka" - amma asalinsa da kuma hada shi ya zama asiri a gare su.
24. Daular Byzantine tana da ingantaccen tsarin doka wanda ya hada tsohuwar dokar Roman da sabbin ka'idoji. Yariman Rasha suna amfani da al'adun gargajiyar Byzantine sosai.
25. Da farko, rubutaccen harshen Byzantium Latin ne, kuma Rumawa suna magana da Hellenanci, kuma wannan Girkanci ya bambanta da na Girka na dā da na Girka na Zamani. Rubutawa cikin Girkanci Byzantine ya fara bayyana ne kawai a cikin karni na 7.
