Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin (1743 - 1816) ya kasance fitaccen mawaƙi kuma ɗan ƙasa. Ya gyara harshe na waƙoƙi gabaɗaya, ya mai da shi mai daɗi da raha, ya shirya kyakkyawan tushe don yaren Pushkin. Derzhavin mawaƙin sananne ne a lokacin rayuwarsa, an buga waƙoƙinsa cikin manya-manyan bugawa na wancan lokacin, kuma ikon da yake da shi a tsakanin takwarorinsa marubuta ya yi yawa, kamar yadda abubuwan tarihinsu ke magana.
Ba a san shi sosai ba shi ne Derzhavin ɗan ƙasa. Amma ya hau kan mukamin babban mai ba da shawara kan mukaminsa (wanda ya yi daidai da cikakken janar a cikin sojoji ko kuma wani babban hafsan sojan ruwa). Derzhavin ya kasance kusa da sarakunan uku, ya kasance gwamna sau biyu, kuma ya rike manyan mukamai a cikin gwamnatin gwamnatin tsakiya. Yana da iko sosai a cikin al'umma, a St. Petersburg sau da yawa ana tambayar sa ya warware shari'o'in a matsayin mai sasantawa, kuma marayu da yawa suna karkashin kulawarsa a lokaci guda. Ga wasu bayanan da ba sanannun sanannun abubuwa da labarai daga rayuwar Derzhavin ba:
1. Gabriel Derzhavin yana da ƙanwa da yaya, duk da haka, ya rayu har zuwa shekarun shi kaɗai, har ma lokacin yana yaro mai rauni sosai.
2. Little Gabriel yayi karatu a Orenburg a wata makaranta, wanda wani Bajamushe da aka kora zuwa birni ya buɗe don aikata laifi. Salon horo a ciki ya dace da halayen mai shi.
3. Yayin da suke karatu a dakin motsa jiki na Kazan, Gabriel da abokan aikinsa sun zana kyakkyawan kwafi na babban taswirar lardin Kazan, inda suka kawata shi da shimfidar wurare da ra'ayoyi. Taswirar ta yi tasiri sosai a cikin Moscow. A matsayin kyauta, an sanya yara a matsayin masu zaman kansu a cikin tsare-tsaren masu gadi. A wancan lokacin, abin ƙarfafawa ne - mashahurai ne kawai suka sa 'ya'yansu a cikin masu gadin. Ga Derzhavin, ya zama matsala - mai tsaron gidan dole ne ya kasance mai wadata, kuma Derzhavins (a lokacin sun bar iyali ba tare da uba ba) suna da manyan matsaloli game da kuɗi.
4. Preobrazhensky regiment, wanda a ciki Derzhavin yayi aiki, ya halarci kifar da Peter III daga kursiyin. Duk da cewa Catherine ta kyautatawa rundunar bayan ta hau gadon sarauta, Derzhavin ya sami mukamin hafsan ne bayan ya kwashe shekaru 10 yana aiki. Ya dade sosai ga mai martaba a cikin masu gadin.
5. Sananne ne cewa Gavriil Romanovich ya fara gwajin waƙarsa kafin 1770, amma babu wani abu daga abin da ya rubuta sannan ya tsira. Derzhavin da kansa ya ƙone kirjinsa na katako tare da takardu don ya bi ta cikin keɓewar zuwa St. Petersburg da sauri.
6. Derzhavin ya buga katuna da yawa a ƙuruciyarsa kuma, a cewar wasu mutanen zamanin, ba koyaushe yake faɗin gaskiya ba. Koyaya, an ci gaba daga gaskiyar cewa sakewa ta kasance har abada ba dinari, wataƙila wannan ƙiren ƙarya ne kawai.
7. An buga aikin bugawa na farko na GR Derzhavin a cikin 1773. Ya kasance wata alama ce ga bikin auren Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich, wanda aka buga ba a san shi ba cikin kwafi 50.
8. Tsohon “Felitsa”, wanda ya kawo wa Derzhavin suna na farko, an watsa shi ta hanyar Samizdat na lokacin. Mawakin ya ba da wani rubutun da zai karanta wa abokinsa, inda a ciki kusan dukkanin manyan masu fada a ji a Daular Rasha suka sha suka a cikin harshen Aesopian. Abokin ya ba da kalmar girmamawa cewa don kansa kawai da maraice ɗaya ... Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka an riga an buƙaci Grigory Potemkin ya karanta shi. Abin farin ciki, duk masu martaba sunyi kamar basu san kansu ba, kuma Derzhavin ya karɓi akwatin zinare na zinare wanda aka kawata shi da lu'ulu'u da gwal 500 - Catherine tana son ode.
9. G. Derzhavin shine farkon gwamnan sabuwar lardin Olonets. Har ma ya sayi kayan ofis da kudinsa. Yanzu a kan yankin wannan lardin wani yanki ne na yankin Leningrad da Karelia. Mashahuri ga fim din "Ivan Vasilyevich Ya Canza Sana'arsa" Kemskaya volost yana nan.
10. Bayan gwamna a Tambov, Derzhavin ya zo karkashin kotun dattawa. Ya yi nasarar musanta zargin, duk da cewa suna da yawa. Amma babban rawar da aka samu a shari'ar ta kasance Grigory Potemkin. Mai martaba Serene kafin yakin Rasha da Turkiyya, duk da makircin da jami'an Tambov suka yi, ya karbi kudi daga Derzhavin don sayen hatsi ga sojoji, kuma bai manta da shi ba.
11. Derzhavin bai fifita musamman ga sarakuna da masarautu ba. Catherine ta kore shi daga mukamin sakatare na sirri saboda cin mutunci da zagi a rahotanni, Paul na tura shi cikin wulakanci don amsar batsa, da Alexander saboda tsananin himma. A lokaci guda, Derzhavin ya kasance masarauta mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma ba ya son jin labarin kundin tsarin mulki ko 'yantar da manoma.
12. Da yake kula da aikin ofis da kuma leken asiri a hedikwatar sojojin da suka yaki ‘yan tawaye karkashin jagorancin Yemelyan Pugachev, Derzhavin bai sami kyakkyawan suna ba. Bayan da aka ci nasarar tawaye kuma binciken ya ƙare, sai aka kore shi.
13. Kamar yadda ya saba faruwa a rayuwa, Derzhavin da kansa ya yi amannar cewa ba a kaunarsa don son gaskiya, kuma waɗanda suke kewaye da shi suna ɗaukarsa mai fadan faɗa. Tabbas, a cikin aikin sa, saurin hawan sama ya canza tare da murkushe gazawa.
14. Sarki Paul I a ɗaya daga cikin makonnin Nuwamba 1800 ya nada Derzhavin kan mukamai biyar lokaci ɗaya. A lokaci guda, Gabriel Romanovich bai kamata ya nemi wata dabara ko fadanci ba - sunan mai hankali da gaskiya ya taimaka.
15. Kusan dukkan ayyukan Derzhavin na kan layi ne kuma an rubuta su ne cikin tsammanin ko ƙarƙashin tasirin kowane irin abu na siyasa ko na ma'aikata. Mawaƙin bai ɓoye wannan ba, har ma ya yi sharhi na musamman game da aikinsa.
16. Derzhavin ya yi aure sau biyu. Matar sa ta farko 'yar mai dakin masarautar Fotigal ce, Elena. Ma'auratan sun yi aure tsawon shekaru 18, bayan haka Elena Derzhavina ta mutu. Derzhavin, kodayake ya yi aure a karo na biyu da sauri, ya tuna da matar sa ta farko har lahira da dumi.
17. Gabriel Romanovich ba shi da yara, amma yara marayu da yawa na masu martaba sun girma cikin dangi a lokaci ɗaya. Ofaya daga cikin daliban shine babban mai matuƙin jirgin ruwan Rasha Mikhail Lazarev.
18. Derzhavin ya biya ɗan fansho wata tsohuwa wacce koyaushe take zuwa neman kuɗi tare da ƙaramin kare. Lokacin da tsohuwa ta nemi ta yarda da karen, sai sanatan ya amince, amma ya gindaya wani sharadi - zai kawo fanshon tsohuwa da kansa, yayin tafiya. Kuma kare ya sami tushe a cikin gida, kuma lokacin da Gabriel Romanovich ya kasance a gida, ya zauna a cikin ƙirjinsa.
19. Da fara yin abin da ya rubuta, Derzhavin ya lisafta takensa da mukamai daidai a ƙarƙashin dukkan threean mulkin mallaka uku, amma bai ambaci cancantar waƙinsa ba.
20. Gabriel Derzhavin ya mutu a gidansa Zvanka a lardin Novgorod. An binne mawakin a gidan sufi na Khutynsky kusa da Novgorod. A cikin rubutun, wanda Derzhavin ya tsara kansa, ba wata kalma game da waƙa: "A nan ne Derzhavin, wanda ya goyi bayan adalci, amma, an danne shi da rashin gaskiya, ya faɗi, yana kare dokokin."
