Akwai sanannun magana a cikin harshen Rashanci, ko kuma a'a, allo na magana: "halin mutum mai saɓani." Misali, Leo Tolstoy babban marubuci ne, ɗan adam kuma masanin falsafa. A lokaci guda, ƙididdigar ba ta rasa ko siket ɗin baƙauye ba. 'Yan mata masu yawan gulma nawa ne a banza - wannan shine dalilin ayyana shi a matsayin "mutum mai saɓani". Wato, da alama akwai wani dalili da zai sa a kira mutum mara gaskiya, amma wasu cancanta sun fi wannan rashin gaskiyar. Kuma Bitrus Mai Girma ya kasance mai rikitarwa, da Ivan mai ban tsoro, da Joseph Stalin. Gabaɗaya, idan lamiri bai yarda kai tsaye a kira shi makiyi kuma azzalumi ba, ana amfani da ma'anar “halin mutum mai karo da juna”.
Halin da Shugaban Rasha na farko Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (1931 - 2007) ya fi rikitarwa. Kowa ya yarda cewa shi mutum ne mai yawan rigima. Wata matsala ita ce cewa akwai ƙaramin tabbaci a tsakanin sabani na Yeltsin. A gefe guda kuma, Yeltsin yana nan daram a cikin tsarin siyasa na yanzu. A jefar da Boris Nikolayevich daga ginin siyasar Rasha ta zamani - ya bayyana cewa duk ginshiƙan masana'antar Rasha ta zamani mutane ne da suka sami damar samun abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba daga shugaban da ya sha rabin-maye. Hakanan ya shafi yawancin yan siyasa da masu zane-zane. Ihu "Kuma sarki tsirara ne!" 'Yan kaɗan ne kawai suka iya, har ma a lokacin ma wasu daga cikinsu, kamar Alexander Korzhakov, sun ɗauki fansa a kan Yeltsin don kunya.
Wataƙila, ba za mu taɓa sanin abin da ya kori Yeltsin a cikin tarihin tarihi na 1987-1993 ba. Sai a cikin karni na 21 kasar ta fara murmurewa sannu a hankali daga sakamakon mulkin shugabanta na farko. Anan ga wasu tabbatattun bayanai daga tarihin rayuwar Boris N. Yeltsin, wanda ke nuna motsin sa zuwa iko da halayyar siyasa ta Olympus.
1. Mahaifin Boris Yeltsin mutum ne mai tsauri, in ba zalunci ba. Rsididdigar nasa na azabtarwa ba kawai bulala da ɗamara ba kawai, amma har ma da tsayawa a cikin kusurwar da ke cikin barikin a cikin dare. Koyaya, tsananin azabtarwa ya taimaka kadan ga hanyar ilimi.
2. Boris yayi karatu mai kyau, amma ya karɓi takardar shaidar kammalawar shekaru bakwai kawai ta hanyar sashen ilimi na gundumar. A wajen bikin satifiket din, ya fara sukar daya daga cikin malaman, wanda aka dauke shi daga takardar shedar da ya gabatar.
3. Mahaifin Yeltsin ya yi aiki na lokacin tashin hankali na Soviet, amma Boris, yana cike ɗaruruwan tambayoyin, ya sami damar taɓa ambaton sa. Inda masu duba suka zama asiri kuma ya haifar da mummunan zato. Bugu da ƙari, akwai “maƙiyan mutane” ba kawai a cikin tarihin Yeltsin ba.
4. Yayinda yake karatu a Sverdlovsk, Yeltsin ya ba da lokaci mai yawa ga wasanni, amma a lokaci guda bai nemi wani rangwame a cikin karatun ba.
5. A yayin aiki a kan rarrabawa, babban maginin nan na USSR ya sami takaddun shaida na direba, mai aikin bulo, mai ba da sabis na crane, da sauransu, a cikin jimloli na musamman na 12. Ya saba da amfani da kansa ga gilashin a layi daya tare da samun aikin shuɗi-abin wuya.
6. Matar Yeltsin Naina ainihin sunanta Anastasia. An yi rikodin wannan a cikin takardar shaidar haihuwa da cikin fasfo. Koyaya, nan da nan mahaifinta ya fara kiranta Naya, kuma a hankali kowa ya saba da sunan Naina. Matar shugaban ƙasa na gaba ta canza bayanan fasfo ɗinta a cikin shekarun 1960s kawai.
7. Bayan haihuwar 'yarsa ta fari, Yeltsin ta yi matukar damuwa, kuma matar ta fada kai tsaye ga likitocin da ke cikin asibitin cewa mijinta ba zai bar shi ya koma gida ba. Bayan haihuwar 'yarsa ta biyu, Yeltsin ya ce: "Ba zan sake haihuwa ba!"
Yeltsin da 'ya'ya mata
8. Yin aiki a matsayin darekta na ginin-gida, Yeltsin ya bayyana a gida da ƙyar. Abin ya kai ga cewa lokacin da dangin suka je gidan abinci don yin bikin karramawa, makwabta a cikin gidan da Yeltsins din suka samu wani gida sun taya Naina murna kan cewa ta yi nasarar nemo miji da uba ga ’ya’yanta mata.
9. 'Ya'yan Yeltsin duka suna da' ya'ya daga aurensu na farko ('yar Elena da ɗan Tatyana), "an rubuta" tuni akan mazajensu na biyu. An cire sunayen Sergei Fefelov (mijin Elena na farko) da Vilen Khairullin (sha'awar Tatyana na farko) daga tarihin dangin.
10. Gida na farko, wanda aka gina a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Yeltsin mai kula da aikin, yana tsaye a Yekaterinburg a yau. Adireshinsa shine Griboyedov Street, 22.
11. Lokacin da Yeltsin ta riga ta ke aiki a matsayin darekta a kamfanin gina gida, wani gida mai hawa biyar da kamfanin Yeltsin na DSK ya gina ya rushe a Sverdlovsk. Wani hukunci mai tsanani ya biyo baya - maimakon Dokar Lenin da aka yi alkawarinta, Yeltsin ta karɓi Umarni na Badge na Daraja.
12. Yeltsin ya sami kariya daga sakatare na farko na kwamitin yankin Sverdlovsk na KPS Yakov Ryabov. Bayan ya jawo Yeltsin zuwa mukamin sakatare na farko na kwamitin gari na CPSU, Ryabov da kansa an tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi da rashin mutuncin Yeltsin da rashin ladabi, amma ya makara.
Yakov Ryabov
13. Kasancewarta sakatare na farko na kwamitin yanki, Yeltsin ta sami farin jini da ba a taba ganin irin sa ba a wadancan shekarun, inda yake daukar nauyin shirin talabijin kai tsaye na mako-mako wanda aka sadaukar domin yaki da rashin dacewar hakan. Masu kallo na iya yin kira kai tsaye a cikin iska, kuma sakatare na farko a wurin ya warware matsaloli ta waya.
14. Karkashin Yeltsin, jirgin karkashin kasa, gidajen kallo da yawa, Fadar Matasa, Gidan Ilimin Siyasa da wasu gine-ginen jama'a sun bayyana a Sverdlovsk. A cikin Sverdlovsk ne MHKs na farko suka bayyana - rukunin gidaje na matasa, waɗanda aka gina ta hannun mazauna gaba a lokacin su na kyauta. Yanzu yana iya zama kamar daji ne, amma a waɗancan shekarun ya kasance ɗayan hanyoyin mafi dacewa don saurin samun gida.
Harshen Sverdlovsk Fadar Matasa
15. Ta hanyar umarnin Yeltsin, an rusa gidan Ipatiev, a cikin ginshiki wanda aka harbi dangin sarki da bayinsa. A hukumance, Borin Nikolaevich ya zartar da hukuncin da Politburo na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU, amma an zartar da shi a shekarar 1975 kuma sakatare na farko Yakov Krotov ya sami damar ba aiwatar da shi ba. Yeltsin, a bayyane yake, bayan ya samo takarda tare da shawarar, ya rushe sanannen gidan a cikin 1977.
16. A shekarar 1985, Yeltsin ya fara mamayar Moscow, da farko ya zama shugaban sashen gine-gine na kwamitin tsakiya, sannan sakataren kwamitin tsakiya. Vladimir Dolgikh, Yegor Ligachev da Mikhail Gorbachev ne suka inganta shi sosai. Bayan haka, dukkansu sun sha wahala sosai daga lalatawar Yeltsin. Kuma a cikin Disamba, Yeltsin ya zama sakatare na farko na Kwamitin Birnin Moscow. Hawan aiki mai ban sha'awa - matsayi uku a cikin watanni 8.
17. A karkashin Yeltsin, an bude shaguna 1,500 a Moscow, bikin baje kolin abinci a karon farko, kuma anyi bikin Ranar City (1987).
18. Faduwar Yeltsin, wacce a zahiri ta zama karba-karba, ta fara ne a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1987. Ya yi jawabi a wurin zama na Babban Kwamitin CPSU, bayan haka sun fara tura shi sannu a hankali cikin inuwa, don farawa, cire shi daga mukamin shugaban kwamitin birnin Moscow. Koyaya, waɗannan "takunkumin" sun mai da Yeltsin jarumi na ƙasa.
19. Daya daga cikin tambayoyin da Yeltsin yayi "a wulakance" an sake buga shi a jaridu da mujallu na Soviet guda 140.
20. A zaben farko na Wakilan Jama'a na USSR, Boris Yeltsin ya sami sama da kashi 90% na kuri'un a mazabar Moscow mai lamba 1. Tun da siyasa a Rasha koyaushe ana yin ta kuma ana yin ta a manyan biranen, bayan irin wannan sakamakon babban mai adawa M. Gorbachev da abokan aikin sa, tuni ya yiwu a tattara kayan sa daga Kremlin. Amma azabar ta ci gaba har shekara guda da rabi.
21. Iyalin Yeltsin sun fara karba sannan kuma sun mayar da su dacha a cikin garin Gorki-10. Maxim Gorky ya taɓa zama a cikin wannan dacha.
22. A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1987, Boris Nikolaevich ko dai ya faɗi kan almakashi ko kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin kashe kansa. Kuma a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 1989, akwai labari tare da zargin sace Yeltsin da jefa shi daga gada a cikin buhu. Bayan shekaru ashirin, irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru sun zama abin ba'a da yara, amma a ƙarshen 1980s, duk ƙasar ta damu da Yeltsin. “Abubuwan rikice-rikice na Kremlin da KGB,” ra’ayin ya kusan zama gama gari.
23. A ƙarshen Mayu 1990, bayan ƙoƙari guda uku don zaɓar, an zaɓi Yeltsin shugaban Soviet na RSFSR. Makonni biyu bayan haka, an zartar da Sanarwar Masarautar Jiha, kuma Tarayyar Soviet daga ƙarshe ta yi ƙasa.
Mukamin Shugaban Koli na Soviet na RSFSR ya kasance kawai madaidaiciya
24. Yeltsin ya zama Shugaban Rasha daidai shekara guda bayan amincewa da Sanarwar 'Yanci - a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1991. Ya sami sama da kashi 57% na kuri'un. Shekara guda bayan haka, adadin waɗanda suka goyi bayan Yeltsin ya ragu sau 2.5 - sake fasalin Gaidar ya fara.
25. A lokacin abin da ake kira juyin mulki a 1991, babban mai gadin Yeltsin, Alexander Korzhakov, ya dage a kan cewa ya ba wa sashinsa kariya daga KGB mai karfi da kuma dakaru na musamman a ofishin jakadancin Amurka. Koyaya, Yeltsin ya nuna ƙarfin zuciya kuma ya ƙi barin Fadar White House. Yanzu mun san cewa niyyar Kwamitin Gaggawa na Jiha ba ta zubar da jini ba, amma a wancan lokacin akwai tankokin yaƙi akan titunan Moscow.
26. Lokacin da Boris Yeltsin ke rikodin a talabijin sanannen doka mai lamba 1400, wacce ta ba shi izinin tarwatsa Soviet ta fullyarfi da ƙarfi, wani mai daukar waya ya fita aiki ba tare da izini ba a cikin sutudiyo. Yeltsin bai ji kunya da wannan ba. Matsalolin fasaha, kamar yadda zai rubuta a gaba, sun taimaka masa ya huce.
27. A ranar 22 ga Satumbar 1993, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Rasha, da kuri’u 9 zuwa 4, ta bayyana Dokar mai lamba 1400 ba ta bin ka’ida, kuma sanya hannu a matsayin aikin da ya isa cire Yeltsin daga shugabancin. Tun lokacin da aka buga wannan shawarar, duk ayyukan Yeltsin ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne. Koyaya, an harbi majalisar, kuma ikon Yeltsin bayan wannan ya kusan zama cikakke.
28. “Aikin zakka” ba wayo ne na hankali na Rasha ba. Don haka shugaban tsaro na Yeltsin, Alexander Korzhakov, da mukarrabansa sun kira ayyuka don tsarda vodka da ruwa sannan kuma dawo da mutuncin abin toshewar a kan kwalbar da aka nufa da Yeltsin. Shugaban ya yi mamakin cewa vodka ta zamani ta fi Soviet ƙarfi.
29. A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1995, bayan Shamil Basayev da gungun sa suka kame wani asibiti a Budyonnovsk, Boris Yeltsin ya yi murabus daga shugabancin a taron Kwamitin Tsaro. Sahabbai sun lallashe shi ya ci gaba da mulki.
30. An yi amannar cewa a 1994-1996, Yeltsin ta gamu da ciwon zuciya sau biyar a cikin kankanin lokaci, inda ta rikide ta zama tarkace ta hanyar zabukan 1996. Koyaya, tsohon shugaban Majalisar Ministocin Tarayyar Soviet Nikolai Ryzhkov ya yi iƙirarin cewa ciwon zuciya biyu ya faru da Yeltsin a Sverdlovsk.
31. Yakin da Yeltsin ya samu a zagaye na biyu na zabukan 1996 ya samu karbuwa ne ta hanyar kafafen yada labarai na mahaukata. Yevgeny Kiselyov akan NTV ya ba da fim ɗin taron tarurruka na Yeltsin tare da ma'aikata, manoma, matasa da sauran ɓangarorin jama'a. Kuma a ɗaya daga cikin ainihin tarurrukan (a Krasnodar), an ba Yeltsin da ya yi murabus. Hakanan, a bayyane yake tuno da nasarorin da ya samu na yin magana da taron, Boris Nikolayevich da babbar murya ya tambayi wanda ya yarda da irin wannan shawarar. Amsar ita ce monosyllabic: "Komai!" Amma saboda kafofin watsa labaru, tsabar kudi ga oligarchs da magudi, Yeltsin ta sami kashi 53.8% na kuri'un.
Yeltsin ya karanta sake rantsar da shugaban na Rasha da kyar
32. Bayan cin zaɓe a 1996, kusan Yeltsin bai jagoranci ƙasar ba. A cikin wasu lokuta na sauƙaƙewa daga cututtuka tare da zuciya, ya nuna alamun cutar Alzheimer wanda ya sa kowa cikin damuwa: ya ba firaministan Japan tsibirin Kuril, sannan ya biya kuyangin Sweden girmamawa, sa'annan ya nemi Boris Nemtsov gimbiya, sannan ya tono dankali tare da dukan iyalin.
33. A lokacin mulkinsa, Yeltsin ya kori Firayim Minista 5, mataimakan Firayim Minista 45 da ministoci 145.
34. Bayan yin murabus a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1999, Yeltsin bai ce uffan ba game da matsalolin lafiyarsa, yana mai ba da dalilin murabus din nasa ta hanyar tarin matsaloli a cikin siyasa. Bai faɗi abin da aka maimaita shi ba “Na gaji, zan tafi” a cikin adireshin Talabijin na Sabuwar Shekara.
35. Boris Yeltsin ya mutu bayan kwanaki 12 da zama a cikin Central Clinical Hospital daga ci gaba da ciwan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, wanda ya haifar da yawan gabobin jiki, a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 2007. An binne shugaban Rasha na farko a makabartar Novodevichy. An gina wani abin tarihi a cikin girmamawarsa a Yekaterinburg kuma an buɗe katon gidan kayan gargajiya, abin da ake kira Cibiyar Yeltsin.
