Habashawa suna raira waƙa da bagana suna kuka,
Yana mai da abin da ya gabata, cike da sihiri;
Akwai lokacin da a gaban Tafkin Tana
Gonar ita ce babban birni.
Wadannan layukan na Nikolai Gumilyov sun sanya Habasha, wacce ke nesa da Afirka, kusa da mu. Theasar Abyssinia mai ban mamaki, wacce muke kiran ta Habasha, ta daɗe tana jan hankalin mutanen Russia. Masu ba da agaji sun yi tattaki zuwa Afirka ta tsakiya don taimakawa bakake marasa galihu don yakar mamayar Italiya. Tarayyar Soviet, da kanta ta gaji da matsalolin tattalin arziki, ta taimaka wa gwamnatin Mengist Haile Mariam ba ta yunwar duk talakawanta ba - idan wani ya rage.
Za a iya bayyana Habasha a cikin tarihi na baya-baya a matsayin Kievan Rus - gwagwarmaya mara iyaka ko dai ta wata cibiya mai ƙarfi tare da fitattun shuwagabannin ƙasa, ko kuma, idan sarki ya sami damar tara dakaru, ƙasa mai haɗin kai tare da makiya na waje. Kuma ga talakawa, masifar siyasa, kamar a Kievan Rus, sun kasance kamar raƙuman ruwa a saman ruwa: manoma, da hannu suna noma gonakinsu, sun fi dogaro da dogaro da yiwuwar ruwan sama fiye da na gwamnatin tsakiya, idan ta kasance koda a Kiev, har ma a Addis -Ababa.
1. Habasha itace kasa ta 26 a duniya a yawan yankuna da suka mamaye, kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa wannan yankin yana da ban sha'awa sosai - kilomita 1,127,1272... Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa yawancin ƙasashen Afirka suna da kusan yanki ɗaya tare da ma'adinan da ke da murabba'in kilomita dubu ɗari - 'yan mulkin mallaka, a bayyane suke, suna shata kan iyakoki, sun yi ƙoƙarin raba Afirka zuwa fiye ko equalasa da daidaito.
2. Yawan mutanen Habasha a farkon shekarar 2018 kusan mutane miliyan 97 ne. Wannan alamar ta fi girma ne kawai a cikin ƙasashe 13 na duniya. Don haka mutane da yawa ba sa rayuwa a cikin wata ƙasar Turai sai Rasha. Yawan jama'ar Jamus, mafi kusa da Habasha, kusan miliyan 83 ne. A Afirka, Habasha ce ta biyu bayan Najeriya wajen yawan mazauna.
3. Yawan mutane a Habasha mutane 76 ne a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Daidai yawan adadin yawan mutane a cikin Ukraine, amma dole ne a tuna cewa Habasha, ba kamar Ukraine ba, ƙasa ce mai tsaunuka, kuma akwai ƙarancin ƙasa da ta dace da zama a ƙasar Afirka.
4. Tare da tattalin arziki a Habasha, a cewar kididdiga, komai ya zama abin bakin ciki - yawan kudin da ake samu a cikin gida, wanda aka lissafa dangane da ikon saye, bai wuce dala $ 2,000 ga kowane mutum ba, wanda ya kasance na 169 a duniya. A cikin Afghanistan, inda yakin bai tsaya ba har tsawon rabin karni, har ma yana da dala 2003.
5. Matsakaicin dan kasar Habasha da ke aiki, in ji kididdiga, $ 237 a kowane wata. A Rasha, wannan adadi ya kai dala 615, amma a Uzbekistan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan da Ukraine, albashinsu bai kai na Habasha ba. Koyaya, a cewar matafiya, a cikin unguwannin marasa galihu na Addis Ababa, ana ɗaukar $ 80 a cikin albashi na yau da kullun ana farin ciki. Amma tasa tauraron dan adam din ma zai rataye a wani rumfa da aka yi da kwalaye na kwali.
6. Habasha tana matsayi na 140 a jerin kasashen da suka danganta da yawan rai. Mata a wannan ƙasar suna rayuwa kimanin shekaru 67, maza suna rayuwa har zuwa 63. Duk da haka, yawancin ƙasashen Afirka, gami da Afirka ta Kudu da ta taɓa samun ci gaba, suna cikin jerin da ke ƙasa da Habasha.
7. Rubutun gama gari "mutane sun rayu anan tun fil azal" ya dace daidai da bayanin Habasha. Gaskiyar cewa tsoffin magabatan mutane sun rayu a wannan yanki kimanin shekaru miliyan 4.5 da suka shude an tabbatar da su ta hanyar binciken tarihi da yawa.
Lucy shine sake gina wata mace Australopithecus wacce ta rayu aƙalla shekaru miliyan 3.2 da suka gabata
8. A cikin VII - VIII ƙarni na BC. e. a kan yankin Habasha ta zamani akwai daula da ba za a iya furtawa ba, da farko kallo, ana kiranta D'mt (sunan, tabbas, ana furta shi, masu ilimin harshe suna nuna sauti tsakanin [a] da [da] tare da rudani. amfani da ban ruwa.
9. Tsoffin Girkawa sun ƙirƙira kalmar "Habasha" kuma suka kira duk mazaunan Afirka - a Girkanci wannan kalmar tana nufin "ƙone fuska".
10. Addinin kirista ya zama shine babban addini a Habasha (sa'annan ana kiransa Masarautar Axum) addinin da tuni ya kasance a tsakiyar karni na 4 AD. Ranar da aka kafa cocin kirista na gida shine 329.
11. Ana daukar kasar Habasha a matsayin wurin haihuwar kofi. Dangane da mashahurin labari, awaki ne ya gano albarkatun ganyen ganye da 'ya'yan itacen kofi. Makiyayinsu ya gaya wa wata gidan sufi cewa, taunawa a kan ganyen bishiyar kofi, awakin suna cikin fargaba da sauri. Abban ya yi ƙoƙari ya dafa ganyayyaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa - ya zama abin sha mai kuzari, wanda daga baya aka yaba da shi a wasu ƙasashe. A lokacin mamayar Habasha, Turawan Italiya sun kirkiro espresso tare da kawo injinan kofi zuwa kasar.
12. Habasha itace kasar da tafi kowace kasa tsaunuka a Afirka. Haka kuma, mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin nahiyar shi ma yana cikin wannan ƙasar. Yankin Dallol yana da nisan mita 130 kasa da matakin teku. A lokaci guda, Dallol shima gwarzon duniya ne a matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara - anan 34.4 ° C.
13. Babban harshe a Habasha shine Amharic, yaren mutanen Amhara, wanda shine kashi 30% na yawan jama'ar kasar. Haruffan suna Abugida. 32% na Habashawa 'yan Oromo ne. Sauran kabilun, sama da 80 daga cikinsu, suma mutanen Afirka suna wakilta.
14. Rabin yawan su Kiristoci ne na Gabas ta Tsakiya, wani kashi 10% Furotesta ne, kuma yawansu yana ƙaruwa sosai. Kashi na uku na yawan jama'ar Habasha musulmai ne.
15. Asalin babban birnin kasar, Addis Ababa, ana kiransa da Finfin - a yaren ɗayan jama'ar yankin, ana kiran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi haka. Addis Ababa ta zama birni shekaru uku bayan kafuwar ta a 1886.
16. Kalandar Habasha tana da watanni 13, ba 12 ba. Latterarshen ƙarshen gajere ne na Fabrairu - yana iya samun kwanaki 5 a cikin shekara ta yau da kullun da 6 a cikin shekara mai tsayi. Ana kirga shekaru, kamar yadda ya dace da Krista, daga haihuwar Kristi, kawai saboda rashin dacewar kalandar Habasha tana bayan shekaru 8 a bayan wasu ƙasashe. Tare da agogo a Habasha, kuma, ba komai a bayyane yake ba. Ofisoshin gwamnati da sufuri suna aiki akan tsarin duniya - tsakar dare a 0:00, tsakar rana a 12:00. A rayuwar yau da kullun a Habasha, al'ada ce la'akari da fitowar rana (6:00) a matsayin awa sifili, da tsakar dare. - faduwar rana da sharadi (18:00). Don haka "tashi daga ƙarfe shida na safe" a Habasha yana nufin "barci har zuwa sha biyu."
17. Habasha tana da nata yahudawa bakake, ana kiransu "Falasha". Livedungiyar ta zauna a arewacin ƙasar kuma sun kai kimanin mutane 45,000. A hankali dukansu suka tafi Isra'ila.
Yetaish Einau, Miss Israel, haifaffen Habasha
18. Ana shigo da dukkan gishiri a Habasha, saboda haka yawancin masu mulki da sarakuna sun mai da hankali sosai kan sarrafa kayan kwastom na shigo da ita - ta kasance hanyar samun kudin shiga ne mara iyaka. A cikin karni na 17, an yankewa mutane hukuncin kisa da kwace dukiya saboda kokarin shigo da gishirin al'adun da suka gabata. Da zuwan wasu lokuta masu wayewa, aka gabatar da daurin rai da rai maimakon aiwatarwa, amma yanzu ana iya samunta ba don gishiri kawai ba, har ma da magunguna, kayan aiki don kera su, har ma da motoci.
19. Batu na musamman ga Afirka - Habasha ba ta taɓa yin mulkin mallaka ba. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ƙasar Italiya ta mamaye ƙasar, amma ita ce mamayar da yaƙin bangaranci da sauran abubuwan farin ciki ga baƙi.
20. Habasha ce ta farko, tare da dan karamin wuri, kasar Afirka da aka shigar da ita kungiyar League of Nations. Ajiyar wuri ya shafi Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu, kamar yadda ake kiran Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu ta yanzu. Amurka ta Kudu tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa theungiyar ofasashen Duniya, amma bisa ƙa'ida mulkin mallaka ne na Burtaniya, ba ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta ba. A cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Habasha ita ce ake kira. memba na farko - jihar da take cikin wadanda suka fara shiga Kungiyar.
21. A cikin 1993, yawan mutanen Eritrea, lardin arewacin da Habasha ta sami damar zuwa teku, sun yanke shawarar hakan don ciyar da Addis Ababa. Eritrea ta rabu da Habasha kuma ta zama kasa mai cin gashin kanta. Yanzu matsakaicin matsakaicin GDP na Eritiriya ya ninka na Habasha ɗaya da rabi.
22. A cikin garin Lalibela akwai coci 13 waɗanda aka sassaka cikin dutsen. Ikklisiyoyi gine-gine ne na musamman. An haɗa su ta tsarin samar da ruwa na artesian. Aikin titanic na sassaƙa haikalin daga dutse an yi shi ne a ƙarni na XII-XIII.
23. Kybra Nagest, littafi ne mai tsarki ga 'yan Habasha, wanda aka ajiye shi a Addis Ababa, yana ɗauke da hatimin ɗakin ajiyar kayan tarihin Birtaniya. A cikin 1868, Turawan ingila suka mamaye Habasha, suka fatattaki sojojin sarki kuma suka wawushe kasar, suka kwashe, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, littafi mai tsarki. Gaskiya ne, bisa buƙatar wani sarki, an dawo da littafin, amma an riga an buga shi.
24. A Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Habasha da ke Addis Ababa akwai abin tunawa ga Pushkin - kakan-kakansa dan Habasha ne, mafi daidai, daga Eritrea. Fagen da abin tunawa ya tsaya a kansa an kuma laƙaba masa sunan babban mawaƙin ɗan Rasha.
25. Attoƙarin mayar da aikin gona gaba ɗaya, wanda gwamnatin "gurguzu" ta yi a shekarun 1970, ya lalata ɓangaren aikin noma gaba ɗaya. Shekaru da yawa na bushewa sun kasance a kan wannan ɓarnar, wanda ya haifar da mummunan yunwa, wanda ya ci rayukan miliyoyin mutane.
26. Koyaya, Habashawa suna cikin yunwa har ma ba tare da gurguzu ba. Kasar tana da ƙasa mai tsananin duwatsu. Wannan yana hana ƙaramin digiri na aikin injiniya. Kuma ko da yawan dabbobi (akwai su da yawa a Habasha dangane da yankin ƙasar fiye da kowane wuri a Afirka) ba ya adanawa a cikin shekara mai yunwa - dabbobin ko dai su shiga ƙarƙashin wuka, ko kuma su huta daga rashin abinci a gaban mutane.
27. Wani yunwa kuma ta haifar da hambarar da Sarki Haile Selassie. Ya kasance busasshe tsawon shekaru uku a jere daga 1972 zuwa 1974. Bugu da ƙari, farashin mai ya ninka sau uku, yayin da Habasha ba ta da nata hydrocarbons a wancan lokacin (yanzu, a cewar wasu rahotanni, Sinawa sun gano mai da gas). Babu kuɗin siyan abinci a ƙasashen waje - Habasha kawai ke fitarwa kofi. Haka kuma, an washe kayan agaji daga kasashen waje. Kowa ya bar sarki, har ma da mai gadinsa. An kawar da Haile Selassie a cikin 1974 kuma aka kashe shi shekara guda bayan haka.
28. Asibiti na farko da aka buɗe a Habasha a ƙarshen karni na 19 shine asibitin Rasha. Masu aikin sa kai na Rasha sun taimaka wa Habashawa wajen yaƙin da ansasar Italiya a 1893-1913, amma wannan gaskiyar ba ta da haske sosai a cikin tarihi da wallafe-wallafen fiye da yadda Russia ta shiga cikin Anglo-Boer War. Koyaya, Habashawa sun kimanta taimakon Rasha kamar yadda sauran "aminai" da "'yan uwantaka' 'suka kimanta: a farkon dama sun fara neman kariyar Ingila da Amurka.
29. Ayyuka na sojojin Rasha na farko-ƙasashen duniya sun cancanci ambata sunayensu. Esaul Nikolai Leontiev ya kawo rukunin farko na masu sa kai da masu jinya zuwa Habasha a cikin 1895. Shawarar Esaul Leontiev ta taimaka wa Sarki Menelik II cin nasarar yaƙin. Dabaru na Kutuzov ya yi aiki: an tilasta wa Italiyanci miƙa sadarwa, jini ya mutu tare da duka a baya kuma an kayar da su a cikin yanke hukunci. Mataimakin Leontiev shi ne shugaban kyaftin K. Zvyagin. An ba wa Cornet Alexander Bulatovich kyauta mafi girma ta Habasha don nasarorin soja - ya karbi saber na zinare da garkuwa.
Nikolay Leontiev
30. A Habasha akwai alamar analo na Tsarron Can na Moscow. Bindigar da ba a taba yin tan 70 ba ta rasa nasaba da Tsar Cannon ta Rasha. Habashawa ne suka jefa shi cikin 1867. Yaƙin Crimea ya ƙare kwanan nan, kuma a cikin Afirka mai nisa, ƙarfin gwiwar sojoji da sojojin ruwan Rasha waɗanda ke adawa da duk Turai.
