Baƙi kaɗan ne ke iya nuna Estonia a kan taswirar ƙasa. Haka kuma, ta wannan fuskar, ba abin da ya canza tun lokacin da ƙasar ta sami 'yanci - a ƙasa, Estonia ta kasance baya ga Tarayyar Soviet, yanzu ya zama gefen Tarayyar Turai.
Tattalin arzikin wani lamari ne na daban - USSR ta saka jari mai ƙarfi a cikin tattalin arzikin Estoniya. Ya kasance jamhuriya ce ta masana'antu tare da haɓaka aikin noma da kuma hanyar sadarwa mai yawa. Kuma har ma da irin wannan gadon, Estonia ta fuskanci mummunan koma baya na tattalin arziki. Wasu gyare-gyare sun zo ne kawai tare da sake fasalin tattalin arzikin - yanzu kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na GDP na Estonia ya fito ne daga ɓangaren sabis.
Estoniawa mutane ne masu nutsuwa, masu ƙwazo da son rai. Wannan, ba shakka, janar ne gaba ɗaya, akwai, kamar yadda yake a kowace al'umma, masu ciyarwa da masu karuwanci. Ba su da hanzari, kuma akwai dalilai na tarihi na hakan - yanayin ƙasar yana da laushi da ɗumi fiye da yawancin Rasha. Wannan yana nufin cewa baƙauye ba ya buƙatar yin sauri da yawa, za ku iya yin komai ba tare da hanzari ba, amma a sarari. Amma idan ya zama dole, Estoniawa suna da ikon hanzarta - akwai zakarun Olympics da yawa a kowane mutum fiye da na duk Turai.
1. Yankin Estonia - kilomita 45,2262... Occupasar tana da matsayi na 129 dangane da yanki, ya fi Denmark girma kaɗan kuma ya ɗan girma kaɗan fiye da Jamhuriyar Dominica da Slovakia. Ya fi bayyane a kwatanta irin waɗannan ƙasashe da yankunan Rasha. Estonia kusan tayi daidai da girman yankin Moscow. A kan yankin Sverdlovsk, wanda yake nesa da mafi girma a cikin Rasha, akwai Estoniawa huɗu da ke da iyaka.
2. Estonia gida ce ga mutane dubu 1 318, wanda shine na 156 a duniya. A mafi kusancin kwatanta da yawan mazauna, Slovenia tana da mazauna miliyan 2.1. A cikin Turai, idan ba ku yi la'akari da jihohin dwarf ba, Estonia ce ta biyu bayan Montenegro - dubu 622. Ko da a Rasha, Estonia za ta ɗauki matsayi na 37 ne kawai - yankin Penza da Khabarovsk Territory suna da alamun kwatankwacin yawan jama'a. Mutane da yawa suna zama a Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk da Yekaterinburg fiye da Estonia, kuma a Nizhny Novgorod da Kazan ƙananan kaɗan ne.
3. Ko da da irin wannan ƙaramin yanki, Estonia ba ta da yawan mutane - mutane 28.5 a kowace kilomita2, Na 147 a duniya. Kusa da ita akwai Kirgizistan mai tsaunuka kuma Venezuela da Mozambique sun cika dazuzzuka. Koyaya, a cikin Estonia, shimfidar shimfidar wuraren ba daidai bane - fadama ne ke mamaye kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na yankin. A Rasha, Yankin Smolensk kusan iri ɗaya ne, kuma a cikin wasu yankuna 41 yawancin jama'a ya fi yawa.
4. Kusan 7% na yawan Eston yana da matsayin "waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba". Waɗannan mutane ne da suka rayu a Estonia a lokacin shelar samun 'yanci, amma ba su karɓi izinin zama na Estonia ba. Da farko, akwai kusan 30% daga cikinsu.
5. Ga kowane "'yan mata" 10 a Estonia, babu ma "samari" 9, amma 8.4. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa mata a wannan ƙasar sun fi maza tsawon shekaru 4.5.
6. Dangane da yawan kudin shigar cikin gida na kowane dan kasa a cikin ikon mallakar daidaito, a cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Estonia tana matsayi na 44 a duniya ($ 30,850), kadan a bayan Czechs ($ 33,760) amma ta sha gaban Girka, Poland da Hungary.
7. Lokacin da muke yanzu na samun 'yancin Eston shine mafi tsayi daga cikin biyun a tarihinta. A karo na farko da Jamhuriyyar Estonia mai zaman kanta ta wanzu na ɗan fiye da shekaru 21 - daga 24 ga Fabrairu, 1918 zuwa 6 ga Agusta, 1940. A wannan lokacin, ƙasar ta yi nasarar canza gwamnatoci 23 tare da zamewa cikin mulkin kama-karya na fascist.
8. Duk da cewa tsawon shekaru RSFSR ita ce kasa daya tilo a duniya da ta amince da Estonia, a shekarar 1924, a karkashin hujjar yakar boren kwaminisanci, hukumomin Eston din sun daskarar da jigilar kayayyaki daga Rasha zuwa tashoshin Baltic. Yawan kaya na shekara ya fadi daga tan dubu 246 zuwa tan dubu dubu 1.6. Rikicin tattalin arziki ya ɓarke a cikin ƙasar, wanda aka shawo kansa sai bayan shekaru 10. Don haka yunƙurin Estonia na yanzu don lalata hanyar Rasha ta cikin yankinsa ba shine farkon ba a tarihi.
9. A cikin shekarar 1918, sojojin na Jamus suka mamaye yankin Estonia. Jamusawan, da aka tilasta musu zama cikin gonaki, yanayin rashin tsafta ya firgita su kuma aka ba su umarnin gina banɗaki a kan kowace gona. Estoniawa sun bi umarnin - don rashin biyayya sun yi barazanar shiga soja - amma bayan ɗan lokaci Jamusawa suka gano cewa akwai bandakuna a gonakin, kuma babu hanyoyi zuwa gare su. A cewar daya daga cikin daraktocin Gidan Tarihi na Sama, gwamnatin Soviet ce kawai ta koya wa Estoniya yin amfani da banɗaki.
10. Manoman Estonia galibi sun kasance masu tsabta fiye da takwarorinsu na birane. A kan filayen noma da yawa akwai baho, kuma a kan talakawa, inda babu wuraren wanka, sun yi wanka a cikin ɗakunan wanka. Akwai 'yan wanka a cikin biranen, kuma mazaunan birni ba sa son amfani da su - shayi, ba jan abu ba, ya kamata mutanen birni su yi wanka a cikin wankan. Koyaya, kashi 3% na gidajen Tallinn suna da wanka. An kawo ruwa a cikin baho daga rijiyoyi - ruwa tare da tsutsotsi da kuma soyayyen kifin sun gudu daga mains. Tarihin maganin ruwa na Tallinn ya fara ne kawai a cikin 1927.
11. An buɗe layin dogo na farko a Estonia a 1870. Daular da USSR sun haɓaka cibiyar sadarwar jirgin ƙasa, kuma yanzu, dangane da yawanta, Estonia tana cikin mafi girman wuri na 44 a duniya. A cewar wannan manuniyar, kasar ta sha gaban Sweden da Amurka, kuma ta dan bayan Spain ne kawai.
12. Matsin lamba daga hukumomin Soviet bayan mamayar Estonia a 1940 ya shafi kusan mutane 12,000. Kimanin 1,600, ta hanyar mafi girman ƙa'idodi, lokacin da aka haɗa masu laifi cikin waɗanda aka danne, aka harbe su, har zuwa 10,000 aka aika zuwa sansanoni. 'Yan Nazi sun harbe aƙalla' yan asalin 8,000 kuma kusan Yahudawa 20,000 sun kawo Estonia da fursunonin yaƙi na Soviet. Akalla Estoniawa 40,000 ne suka shiga yakin a gefen Jamus.
13 Oktoba 5, 1958, an kammala taron motar tsere ta farko a Tallinn Auto Repair Shuka. A cikin shekaru 40 kawai na aiki, masana'antar a cikin babban birnin Estoniya ta samar da motoci fiye da 1,300. Atari a wancan lokacin masana'antar Ingilishi "Lotus" ce kawai ta samar da ita. A tsire-tsire na Vihur, fasalin VAZ na zamani an sarrafa shi cikin motocin tsere masu ƙarfi, waɗanda har yanzu ana buƙata a Turai.
14. Gidaje a Estonia basu da tsada. Koda a cikin babban birni, matsakaicin farashin kowane murabba'in mita na sararin zama Yuro 1,500. Kawai a cikin Old Town zai iya kaiwa 3,000. A yankunan da ba masu martaba ba, ana iya siyan ɗaki mai foraya akan yuro 15,000. A wajen babban birni, gidaje ma sun fi arha - daga Yuro 250 zuwa 600 a kowane murabba'in mita. Hayar gida a Tallinn tana biyan kuɗi euro 300 - 500, a ƙananan garuruwa zaku iya yin hayan gida na euro 100 a wata. Kudin amfani a cikin ƙaramin ɗaki kusan Yuro 150.
15. Daga 1 Yuli 2018, jigilar jama'a a Estonia ta zama kyauta. Gaskiya ne, tare da ajiyar wuri. Don tafiya ta kyauta, har yanzu kuna biyan yuro 2 a kowane wata - wannan nawa ne katin da yake hidimar kuɗin tikitin tafiya. Estoniawa na iya amfani da jigilar jama'a kyauta a cikin gundumar da suke zaune. A cikin kananan hukumomi 4 daga cikin 15, kudin tafiya ya kasance na tsada.
16. Don wucewa ta hanyar jan wuta, direba a Estonia zai biya aƙalla euro 200. Kudinsa ɗaya ne don yin watsi da mai tafiya a kan mararraba. Kasancewar giya a cikin jini - Yuro 400 - 1200 (ya danganta da kashi) ko hana haƙƙoƙi tsawon watanni 3 - 12. Saurin biyan fara daga euro 120. Amma direban kawai yana buƙatar samun lasisi tare da shi - duk sauran 'yan sanda bayanai, idan ya cancanta, sami kansu daga rumbunan adana bayanai ta hanyar Intanet.
17. “ryauka cikin Estoniyanci” baya nufin “a hankali” kwata-kwata. Akasin haka, hanya ce da wasu ma'auratan Estonia suka ƙirƙira don saurin nisan matan da ke ɗauke da gasar da ake yi kowace shekara a garin Sonkajärvi na Finland. Tsakanin 1998 da 2008, ma'aurata daga Estonia koyaushe sun zama masu cin nasarar waɗannan gasa.
18. Don samun ilimin sakandare a Estonia, kuna buƙatar karatun shekaru 12. A lokaci guda, daga aji 1 zuwa 9, schoolan makaranta da basu yi nasara ba ana barin su cikin sauƙi a shekara ta biyu, a ƙarshen karatun kawai ana kore su daga makaranta. Ana sanya maki "akasin haka" - ɗayan shine mafi girma.
19. Yan garin na dauke da yanayi mai matukar muni - yana da danshi sosai kuma koyaushe yana sanyi. Akwai sanannen wargi game da gemu game da "lokacin rani ne, amma rannan ina wurin aiki." Bugu da ƙari, ƙasar tana da wuraren shakatawa na teku. Isasar ta shahara sosai - baƙi miliyan 1.5 suna ziyartar Estonia a shekara.
20. Estonia kasa ce mai matukar cigaba ta fuskar amfani da fasahar lantarki. Farkon lokacin da aka sanya shi a lokacin Tarayyar Soviet - Estoniawa suna da hannu dumu-dumu cikin ci gaban software na Soviet. A zamanin yau, kusan dukkanin sadarwa tsakanin Estoniya da hukumomin jihohi ko na birni ana yin su ta hanyar Intanet. Hakanan zaka iya yin zabe ta hanyar Intanet. Kamfanonin Estonia shuwagabannin duniya ne wajen haɓaka tsarin tsaro na yanar gizo. Estonia ita ce asalin "Hotmail" da "Skype".
