A cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata, wanda, abin ban mamaki, ya yi daidai da yaduwar Intanet mai saurin sauri, miliyoyin kofe sun karye a cikin takaddama game da yaren Yukren. Wasu suna buƙatar cewa aƙalla yawan jama'ar Ukraine ya kamata su yi magana da tsohuwar harshen, wanda aka tsananta masa sosai a Daular Rasha da Tarayyar Soviet. Wasu kuma sun yi imanin cewa harshen Yukreniyanci ko dai yare ne na wucin gadi ko kuma babu shi kwata-kwata, kuma masu kishin ƙasa suna ƙoƙari su ba da yare na yaren Rasha a matsayin yare. Wani ya yi magana game da karin waƙar da aka sani da Ukrainian, kuma wani ya ƙaryata waɗannan muhawara tare da misalai daga ƙamus ɗin masu gabatar da TV na Ukrainian (“avtivka”, “hmarochos”, “parasolka”).
Gaskiya da wuya wani wuri a tsakanin. Tattaunawar ilimin zamani ya daɗe da zama na siyasa, kuma a cikin waɗannan, babu wanda zai iya samun gaskiyar gaskiyar. Tabbatacce ne kawai cewa akwai yare (adverb, idan kuna so) wanda mutane miliyan da yawa ke magana dashi. Akwai ingantaccen nahawu, akwai ƙamus, shirye-shiryen koyar da makaranta, kuma ana sabunta ƙa'idodin yare a kai a kai. A gefe guda, kasancewar da ci gaban harshe ɗaya, har ma da talauci daga mahangar kimiyya ko fasaha, ta kowace hanya ba za su iya zama dalilin zaluntar wasu yarukan da masu magana da su ba. Oƙarin irin wannan zaluncin yana haifar da sakamako, kuma ba koyaushe ya isa ba, dauki.
1. Dangane da sigar da aka karɓa a cikin ƙungiyar masana kimiyyar Yukren, yaren Yukren ya samo asali ne tsakanin ƙarni na 10 da 5th na BC. Shi dan asalin Sanskrit ne.
2. Sunan "Ukrainian" ya zama gama gari ne kawai bayan juyin juya halin 1917. Haka ne, wannan yaren na kudu maso yamma da kudu maso yamma na Daular Rasha, har ma da raba shi da yaren Rasha, ana kiransa "Ruska", "Prosta Mova", "Little Russian", "Little Russian" ko "Rasha ta Kudu".
3. Dangane da kundin encyclopedia na duniya Encarta, harshen Ukrainian shine asalin asalin mutane miliyan 47. Estimarin ƙididdigar hankali ya kira adadi miliyan 35-40. Kusan adadin mutanen da ke magana da Yaren mutanen Poland da kuma yaruka da yawa da ake magana da su a Indiya da Pakistan.
4. Fim din da ya fi samun kudi a yaren Yukren tsawon shekarun da ya yi na samun 'yanci ya samu dala miliyan 1.92 a akwatin gidan wasan kwaikwayon na barkwanci "The Wedding Is Said" ("Crazy Wedding") ya ci gaba da zama zakaran akwatin, tare da kashe dala 400,000.
5. Babu wata alama mai wuya a cikin yaren Yukren, amma akwai alama mai laushi. Koyaya, rashin tabbatacciyar alama alama ce ta ci gaba mai yuwuwa. A cikin Rashanci, alal misali, kawai yana rikitar da rubutu. Bayan sake fasalin rubutun a shekara ta 1918 a cikin Soviet Russia, an cire haruffan “ъ” da karfi daga gidajen buga takardu don kada su buga littattafan zamani da littattafai “a tsohuwar hanya” (kuma babu irin waɗannan haruffa a kan keɓaɓɓun rubutu). Har zuwa farkon 1930s, maimakon alama mai wuya, an sanya maƙaryata ko da a cikin littattafai, kuma yaren bai wahala ba.
6. Yana da wuya a fadi dalilin da ya sa marigayi Alexander Balabanov ya zabi Chicago a matsayin wurin da ya zama jarumi Viktor Sukhorukov a cikin fim din “Dan’uwa na 2”, amma rubutun da ke karkashin Yukren a Viktor Bagrov na Amurka ya yi daidai. Chicago da kewayenta, waɗanda suka haɗu a cikin Cook County, ba gida ne kawai ba ne ga mafi yawan Ukrainianasashen Ukraine da ke Amurka. A cikin wannan gundumar, idan kuna da ma'aikacin da ke magana da Yukren, za ku iya sadarwa tare da hukumomin birni a cikin Yukren.
7. Waƙar cikin yaren Ukrainian a karo na farko kuma ya zuwa yanzu a karo na ƙarshe ya mamaye faretin fareti na ɓangaren Ukrainian na YouTube bidiyo mai karɓar bakunci a makon da ya gabata na Yuni 2018. Tsawon mako guda layin farko na ƙididdigar ya shagaltar da abun da ke ciki "Kuka" na rukuni (a cikin Yukreniyanci ana kiran rukunin kiɗan "hert") "Kazka". Waƙar kawai ta tsaya a saman har tsawon mako ɗaya.
8. Jumlar daga fim ɗin “Brotheran’uwa na 2” na nuna fasalin sautin mai ban sha'awa na yaren Yukren. Lokacin da Viktor Bagrov ya bi ta cikin ikon kan iyaka a Amurka ("Dalilin zuwarku? - Ah, bikin Fim ɗin New York!"), Ko da mai tsaron kan iyakar Yukren yana tsawatarwa a hankali: “Kuna da tuffa, salO e?” - A cikin yaren Yukren, “o” a cikin yanayin da ba a matsa ba ya taɓa raguwa kuma ya yi sauti iri ɗaya kamar yana cikin damuwa.
9. Aikin adabi na farko da aka buga a cikin yaren Yukren shi ne waka "Aeneid" na Ivan Kotlyarevsky, wanda aka buga a 1798. Ga layuka daga waƙar:
10. La'anan, ukun sun kumbura, Da teku tayi kuwwa da tsawa; Sun zubda kansu cikin hawayen Trojans, Eneya tana kula da rayuwarta; Duk limaman cocin rozchukhralo, Bagatsko vіyska sun ɓace anan; Sannan mun samu duka dari! Yeney ta yi ihu, "Ni dinin Neptune Pivkopi ne a hannun rana, Abi a kan teku guguwar ta mutu." Kamar yadda kake gani, daga cikin kalmomi 44, kawai "chavnik" ("jirgin ruwa") bashi da asalin Rasha.
11. Marubuci Ivan Kotlyarevsky ana daukar sa a matsayin wanda ya assasa harshen adabin Yukren da kuma mutumin da ya tozarta shi. Ana amfani da ma'anar kamar yadda yanayin siyasa ke buƙata. Ko dai I.P. Kotlyarevsky ko dai ya rubuta a cikin harshen Yukren a ƙarshen karni na 19, lokacin da A.S Pushkin ba a haife shi ba tukuna, ko kuma Kotlyarevsky ya nuna cewa harshen Yukren “smikhovyna” ne (Taras Shevchenko) da kuma “misalin tattaunawar ta dare” (Panteleimon Kulish) ). Kotlyarevsky da kansa ya ɗauki yaren ayyukansa a matsayin "Yaren yare na Rasha".
12. Idan a cikin Rashanci haruffan da aka ninka biyu haruffa ne kawai, to a yaren Ukrainian suna nufin daidai sauti biyu (ƙasa da sau ɗaya, amma mai tsayi sosai). Wato, ba a rubuta kalmar “gashi” ta Yukren ba tare da haruffa biyu “s” ba, amma kuma ana furta “gashi-sya”. Kuma akasin haka, yawancin kalmomin da aka rubuta a cikin harshe tare da haruffa biyu a cikin Ukrainian an rubuta tare da ɗaya - "aji", "trasa", "rukuni", "adireshin", da dai sauransu Af, kalma ta ƙarshe, kamar yadda take a cikin Rasha, yana da ma'anoni guda biyu: "wuri ko mazauni" ko "gaishe da kyau ko kira." Koyaya, a cikin harshen Ukrainian, zaɓi na farko shine "adireshin", na biyu kuma shine "adireshin".
13. Idan kuna tunanin hasashe rubutu mai girma da haruffa 1,000, wanda za'a yi amfani da dukkan haruffa na haruffan Ukrainian gwargwadon mita, to wannan rubutun zai ƙunshi haruffa 94 "o", haruffa 72 "a", haruffa 65 "n", haruffa 61 "da ”(Sanarwa (s)), haruffa 57“ i ”, haruffa 55“ t ”, haruffa 6“ ϵ ”da“ ts ”kowanne, kuma ɗaya“ f ”da“ u ”.
14. Sunaye “Kofi”, “kino” da “depot” a yaren Yukren ba su canza lamba da lamura, amma “gashi” yana canzawa.
15. Ganin tsananin sanya siyasa cikin lamarin, lamba da lokacin bayyanar bayyanar kalmomin aro a yaren Yukren dalili ne na tattaunawa mai zafi. Misali, galibi an yarda da cewa kusan 40% na kalmomin Ukrainian an aro su ne daga yaren Jamusanci, kodayake yankin na yanzu da duk Ukraine ba su taɓa iyaka da Jamus ba a cikin kowane irin nau'inta, a mafi akasari - tare da Masarautar Austro-Hungary, har ma sannan tare da yankunan ƙasarta. ... Daga wannan, masu goyon bayan rubutun game da tsohuwar al'umar Yukren a matsayin al'umma sun yanke shawarar cewa an aro kalmomin tun kafin zamaninmu, kuma bayyanar su na magana ne game da iko da girman girman tsohuwar kasar ta Ukrenia. Magoya bayan “tsarin mulkin mallaka” ga tarihi sun bayyana irin wannan lamuni da yawa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa an ƙirƙiri yaren Yukren ne a cikin Janar ɗin Sojojin Jamus don raba Masarautar Rasha.
16. Yaruka suna nan a cikin duk yarukan da ake magana dasu akan manyan yankuna. Koyaya, Yarukan Yukren sun bambanta sosai a cikin keɓaɓɓun lafazi da ƙamus. Saboda haka, yana da wahala mazauna yankunan tsakiya da gabashin kasar su fahimci wakilan yankuna yamma.
17. "Misto" - a cikin Ukrainian "birni", "nedilia" - "Lahadi", da "mummuna" - "kyakkyawa". “Mito” (lafazi [myto]) ba “tsabta, wanka”, amma “aiki”.
18. A cikin 2016, an buga kwafin littattafai 149,000 a cikin Ukrainian a cikin Ukraine. A shekara ta 1974, adadin da ya dace ya kai miliyan 1.05 - raguwar fiye da sau 7.
19. Yawancin tambayoyin bincike daga yankin Ukraine tambayoyi ne na yaren Rasha. Yawan aikace-aikace a cikin Ukrainian, a cewar wasu kafofin, yana cikin 15-30%.
20. A cikin yaren Yukren akwai kalmar “jana’iza” a mufuradi - “jana’iza”, amma babu wata kalma “kofa” a mufuradi, akwai “ƙofa” kawai.
