Dutse na Rasha ya wanzu, ta ƙa'idodin tarihi, ba da daɗewa ba. 'Yan koyo suna ta ba da labari tun daga shekarun 1960, amma yunƙurin "cire ɗaya zuwa ɗaya" Yammacin duniya ya faɗi shekaru biyar da suka gabata da wuya a danganta shi da kerawa mai zaman kanta. Mai son Soviet (idan kuna so, mai zaman kanta) mawaƙa sun fara yin kusan ko lessasa ingantattun yanki a wani wuri a farkon 1970s. Kuma tuni a tsakiyar wancan shekarun, "Lokaci Na'urar" ta yi tsawa da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Yunkurin dutsen ya kai kololuwarsa a farkon shekarun 1980, kuma tare da rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, da sauri dutsen ya zama ɗayan nau'ikan kiɗan pop tare da duk fa'idodi da rashin dacewar sa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa motsi cikin dutsen a cikin USSR yana da mafi girman fa'ida a lokacin tsananin tsanantawar akida. A cikin manyan biranen, adadin ƙungiyoyi sun ƙididdige da yawa, kuma ɗaruruwan mutane sun shiga kulake dutsen daban-daban. Kuma a lokacin da “duk abin da ya toshe mu a cikin dare mai ƙura” ya ɓace, sai ya zama babu masu yin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke shirye don aiki da ƙwarewa. Dutse na Rasha kamar kwallon kafa ne: har ma ba a nada kungiyoyi 20 zuwa babban gasar ba.
Sabbin nau'ikan suna bayyana a cikin kiɗa kusan kowace shekara, duk da haka, kamar yadda yake a Yamma, ana girmama "tsoffin" a cikin Rasha. Ungiyoyin mawaƙa har yanzu suna da mashahuri, waɗanda mambobinsu da magoya bayansu suka kasance “masu kula” don wasannin kida ba bisa doka ba, kuma an kulle masu fasaha da injiniyoyin sauti don sayar da kayan karawa da magana. Yana da wuya cewa "Alice", DDT, "Aquarium", "Chaif" ko "Nautilus Pompilius", idan aka sake farfado da shi, za su taru yanzu, kamar Cord, sama da 'yan kallo 60,000 a filin wasan. Koyaya, waɗannan, har ma da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, basa yin a gaban dakunan taruwa marasa komai. Tarihin dutsen Rasha ya ci gaba, amma wasu abubuwan ban sha'awa, ban dariya ko ƙarancin sanannun abubuwa ana iya ɗauke su daga ciki.
1. “ungiyar "Time Machine" a cikin 1976 ta sami matsayi na farko a bikin "Tallinn Waƙoƙin Matasa-76", wakiltar ba ƙari ba kuma ƙasa da Ma'aikatar Ma'aikatar Nama da Kiwo ta Tarayyar Rasha. Atungiyar a wancan lokacin sun sake yin karatu a Fadar Al’adun wannan sashen, amma ba shi yiwuwa a je bikin kamar haka, da kanta. Har ila yau, bikin sananne ne don gaskiyar cewa a karon farko “Aquarium” ya shiga cikin taron hukuma.
"Lokaci inji" a jajibirin tashin shahararsa
2. Vyacheslav Butusov ya fara mu'amala ta kut-da-kut da kidan dutsen, lokacin da a shekarar 1981, a matsayinsa na wakilin jaridar cibiyar "Architect", ya rufe bikin bikin dutsen Sverdlovsk na farko. Lamarin ya faru ne a Kwalejin gine-gine inda Butusov ya yi karatu. An umurce shi da yin hira da Nastya Poleva da Alexander Pantykin daga ƙungiyar Urfin Jus. Da yake magana da Nastya, Vyacheslav ko ta yaya ya daina jin kunyar sa, amma a cikin hira da Pantykin ya nemi ya ba wani daga abokan aikin sa, zai fi dacewa yarinya.
3. Sovietungiyar Soviet ta farko da ta yi aiki tare da phonogram ita ce ƙungiyar Kino. A cikin 1982, ƙungiyar, wacce ta ƙunshi mutane biyu - Viktor Tsoi da Alexei Rybin - ba su da mai bugawa. Injiniyan sauti Andrei Tropillo ya ba da shawarar cewa su yi amfani da injin ganga - na'urar da ba ta dace ba. Injin ɗin har yanzu ya dace don yin rikodi a cikin sutudiyo, amma ba don kide kide ba - dole ne a sake gina shi bayan kowace waƙa. A sakamakon haka, Boris Grebenshchikov ya gayyaci samarin su yi a farkon wasan kade-kade da raye-raye na wani katafaren na’urar da take dauke da na’urar daukar sauti. Ana iya jin sautin wannan motar a cikin waƙoƙin kundin "45".
4. Babban kundin tarihin "Nautilus" wanda ba ya ganuwa, wanda ya hada da waƙar sadaukarwa ba wai kawai na dutse ba, amma na dukkan kide kide da wake-wake na Soviet, "Ina so in kasance tare da ku", an nadi shi kuma an gauraya shi a cikin gidan Dmitry Umetsky a farkon 1985. Farkon ya gudana a disko a ɗakin kwanan ɗakunan gine-ginen kuma kusan ya kasa. Amma a tsakanin mawaƙan dutsen, waƙoƙin sun ba da faɗi. Kuma ga wasu, wannan abin mamaki ya kasance mummunan rauni. Pantykin, wanda watanni shida da suka gabata ya gaya wa Butusov da Umetsky cewa ba su da abin da za su kama a cikin dutse, bayan ya saurari "Invisible" sai ya tashi ya yi shiru ya bar dakin. Tun daga wannan lokacin "Urfin Deuce" da shugabanta basu sanya wani abu mai ma'ana ba.
5. A lokacin da aka kirkiro kungiyar Chaif a Sverdlovsk, sun san game da dutsen Moscow cewa shi ne "Time Machine", kuma game da dutsen Leningrad shi ne "Aquarium", Mike (Naumenko, "Zoo") da Tsoi. Dan wasan kida na gaba mai suna "Chaifa" Vladimir Begunov ya gano cewa Mike da Tsoi suna zuwa Sverdlovsk don kide kide da wake-wake. A matsayinsa na dan sanda, a sauƙaƙe ya fahimci gidan da Leningraders zai zo, kuma ya sami ƙarfin gwiwa ga mai shi ta hanyar siyan kwalabe da yawa na vodka. Bayan haka, a cewar Begunov da kansa, Mike ya zo tare da wasu "dodo cikakke na ɗan asalin ƙasar Gabas." Wannan na biyun shima yana cikin tattaunawar koyaushe, wanda daga ƙarshe yayi fushi da Begunov. Ambaton sunan kawai "Kino" da haɗuwa tare da ko dai sunan mahaifi ko laƙabin "Tsoi" sun taimaka wa Begunov ya yi tunanin wane ne mummunan tashin hankali.
Vladimir Begunov a ƙuruciyarsa
6. Artyom Troitsky ya ba da babban kwarin gwiwa ga ci gaban kiɗan dutsen a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A matsayinsa na ɗan mashahurin jami'in diflomasiyya, ya kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin masu fada a ji a lokacin sannan kuma ya kan shirya shirye-shiryen ba da izini ba da kuma kide kide da wake-wake na ɗakuna don wakilai na kafa al'adun Soviet. Mawaƙa, mawaƙa da masu zane-zane ba za su iya yin tasiri a matsayin jiga-jigan jam'iyyar ba, amma dutsen, aƙalla, ya daina zama abu a kansa. Kuma taimako tare da rikodin ɗakunan karatu da kayan kida ba komai ba ne ga talakawa a yawancin mawaƙa.
7. Lokacin da a cikin 1979 "Lokaci Na'urar" da gaske ta faɗi akan ginshiƙin nasara, Vladimir Kuzmin na iya kasancewa a ciki. Akalla, sun ce, Andrei Makarevich yayi irin wannan tayi. Koyaya, Kuzmin sannan ya buga wasa a rukuni ɗaya tare da Alexander Barykin da Yuri Boldyrev kuma, ga alama, yana riga yana tunanin ƙirƙirar "Dynamics". Daga baya Makarevich ya musanta shawarar.
8. Hanyoyin da ba za a iya bin diddigin dutsen Rasha suna da kwatanci da kyau ta waƙar "Duba daga Allon". Butusov ya samu layin "Alain Delon baya shan cologne" a harshensa. Ilya Kormiltsev da sauri ya zana zane game da wawan lardin, wanda hotonsa hoton wani dan wasan Faransa ne da aka yanke daga mujallar. A cikin tunanin Kormiltsev, rubutun ya kasance kamar abu ne na satirical - ta yaya mutumin da ya san harsuna dozin da rabi zai iya alaƙa da irin waɗannan matan lardin? Butusov, bayan ya sake yin rubutun, ya yi irin wannan waƙar ta huɗa daga ayoyin da Kormiltsev bai ma yi tunanin kare mutuncin rubutun nasa ba. Yuri Shevchuk ya shata layi a ƙarƙashin tarihin waƙar. Bakin Ufa mai gemu, wanda iska mai wuyar fahimta ta kawo shi Sverdlovsk, a gaban Kormiltsev ya mari Butusov a kafada ya yi ta kururuwa: "Ka gani, Slavka, kuna da mafi kyawun waƙoƙi tare da kalmominku!"
9. Guitarist na kungiyar "Chaif" Vladimir Begunov ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru shida a matsayin ma'aikacin sintiri da masu gadi a Sverdlovsk. Wata rana, a ƙarshen 1985, Vyacheslav Butusov, wanda ke tafiya cikin lumana zuwa taron yau da kullun na ƙungiyar dutsen Sverdlovsk, ya ji wata kara mai ƙarfi daga Uan sanda UAZ da ke tsaye a gefen hanya: "Citizen Butusov, zo nan!" A wannan lokacin, mawaƙan dutsen sun tsoratar da juna ta hanyar sanya ido na KGB har Butusov ya taka zuwa motar sintiri, kamar Golgotha. Sojojin da ke tare da Begunov a kawunansu dole su sayar da shi da adadin tashar jirgin ruwa.
Masu gudu har yanzu dan sanda ne
10. Har zuwa tsakiyar 1980s, yawancin mawaƙan dutsen Soviet suna da manyan matsalolin kayan masarufi. Wannan ya shafi kayan kida, kayan karafa, da masu magana, kuma har ma da karamin na'ura mai hada kayan kwalliya ya zama abin al'ajabi na gaske. Saboda haka, mawaƙa sau da yawa a shirye suke don yin kyauta, idan waɗanda suka shirya wasan kide-kide suka “fitar da kayan aikin” - suka ba da kayan aikin su. Koyaya, ba shi yiwuwa a ce masu shirya sun ci ribar rashin kunya daga masu wasan kwaikwayon - dutsen da giya, ko ma buguwa da maye a hannu. A cikin farin ciki na farin ciki, mawaƙa na iya lalata kayan aiki masu tsada cikin sauƙi.
11. A wayewar gari na perestroika, a cikin 1986, lokacin da ya zama wa kowa cewa komai yana “yuwuwa,” mawallafa Yuri Saulsky da Igor Yakushenko sun shawo kan Andrei Makarevich ya shiga Cibiyar Gnesinsky. Tare da duk shaharar da aka yi a duk lokacin a duk ƙasar sannan kuma aka sami kuɗi mai kyau, wannan ya zama mai ma'ana - Makarevich bai karɓi masarauta daga rawar da wakokinsa suka gabatar daga sauran mawaƙa ba. Sabanin tsammanin mahaukacin Makarevich, kwamitin zaɓen ya ba shi duka na gaske. Minarshe shi ne wasan kwaikwayon waƙar. A farkon ayar “Dusar ƙanƙara,” an katse shugaban “Lokaci Na’urar”: ƙamus mara kyau, ba shi yiwuwa a fitar da rubutu. Bayan haka Makarevich ya juya ya tafi.
12. Daya daga cikin wakokin da Vyacheslav Butusov ya fi so "Yariman Shiru" ya rubuta shi a kan baitin mawakin Hungary Endre Adi. A wani lokaci, Vyacheslav ya sayi tarin ayyukan da mawaƙan Hungary suke yi a kan titi (akwai lokuta - a wane yanayi mutum zai sayi tarihin marubutan Hungary a cikin Rashanci a yau?). Wakokin da kansu sun nuna masa kidan. An sanya waƙar a cikin kundin maganadisu "Invisible" kuma ta zama mafi tsufa a kan kundi na farko "Nautilus Pompilius", wanda aka fitar a cikin 1989.
13. Yayin rikodin wakar "Wasikar Bankwana" don kundin faifan studio na farko na rukunin "Yariman Shiru", Alla Pugacheva ya yi aiki a matsayin mai rera waƙoƙi. Mafi mahimmanci shine gudummawar nan gaba Prima Donna ga goyon bayan fasaha na rakodi - Pugacheva ce ta rinjayi Alexander Kalyanov ya samar da sutudiyo don yin rikodin "Yariman Shiru".
Alla Pugacheva da "Nautilus Pompilius"
14. A farkon lokacin ayyukan kungiyar Chaif, shugabanta, Vladimir Shakhrin, ya kasance mataimakin majalisar gunduma (wanda ya dace da shekaru da kuma sana'ar aiki, an tsayar da shi lokacin da yake ziyarar kasuwanci) kuma ya kasance memba na hukumar al'adu. Bayan wasan farko, an saka kungiyar a cikin jerin da aka hana. Lamarin ya harzuka shugabar kwamitin a lokacin da shugabar kungiyar da aka dakatar tana aiki karkashin kulawarta (Shakhrin ba ta halartar tarurruka), amma ba ta iya yin komai ba.
15. Cikakken "san-yadda" game da yanayin dutsen Soviet shine ake kira "Lithuanian" (yarda) na matani. Wani kwamiti na musamman, wanda ya haɗa da kwararru da mutanen da suke nesa da kiɗa, har ma daga dutse har ma da ƙari, mutane, sun bincika kalmomin. Duk da cewa kalmomin sun kasance kuma ana ɗauka ɗayan alamomin dutsen Rasha, akan takarda yawanci suna kama da wauta da ba'a. Sabili da haka, tsarin Lithuania wani lokaci yakan yi kama da fasaha: ɗayan membobin kwamitin zai iya buƙatar canza taken "wannan", yayin da wasu ke neman rubutun sosai don ɓatanci ga rayuwar Soviet (idan babu wani abu na zamantakewa a cikin rubutun kwata-kwata, suna iya zargi saboda rashin aiki matsayi a rayuwa). Bayan tsabtace Lithuania, ana iya yin waƙar a bainar jama'a, amma a kyauta - Lithuania ba ta ba wa mawaƙan wani matsayi na hukuma ba. Masu wasan barkwanci wasu lokuta suna bayanin rashin hankalin wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin Aquarium, Kino da sauran ƙungiyoyin Leningrad daidai ta hanyar sha'awar rashin azaba ta hanyar hanyar amincewa. Kuma ga kungiyar "Aria" taken 'yan fascists na Italiyanci "Will and Reason" sun tafi kamar aikin agogo - wani lokaci, ban da yin taka tsantsan, ana kuma bukatar al'adun gama gari. Gaskiya ne, a cikin "Aria" suma basu san taken ba.
16. A lokacin faduwar shekarar 1990, "Nautilus" tare da wani sabon sahu, ba tare da Dmitry Umetsky ba, sun zagaya Jamus a cikin karamar motar ta ta tare da jerin kide kide da wake-wake. Wata rana motar bas ta ƙare. Butusov tare da guitarist Yegor Belkin da mai bugawa Igor Javad-zade, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya fito a cikin ƙungiyar, sun tafi tare da gwangwani zuwa ɓangaren sojoji mafi kusa. Watanni shida da suka gabata, mawaƙan, tare da taimakon murmushi, hotuna da rubutun kai tsaye, sun sami damar samun tikiti 10 zuwa Amurka "don yau" daga masu karɓar kuɗin Aeroflot, abin ban mamaki. Murmushi bai tafi tare da hafsoshin Sojojin Soviet ba - dole ne su bayar da waka a kan kayan aikin da ke cikin sashin.
17. Gabaɗaya, da wuya Jamus ta haifar da kyakkyawan tunanin mahalarta Nautilus. Ungiyar ta shiga cikin wani shagali wanda aka keɓe don janyewar sojojin Soviet (ba shakka, kyakkyawan dalili ne na shirya babban shagali). Bayan sun tashi zuwa wurin a cikin jirgin jigilar sojoji, mawakan biyu sun yi nasarar isa wurin taron kidan kidan da ke kusa da Reichstag a Berlin. A can ya zama cewa ƙungiyoyi suna buɗe waƙar. Pyatnitsky da Aleksandrova, sun ci gaba da "Nautilus Pompilius" da Lyudmila Zykina, kuma sun ƙare ƙungiyar "Na-Na". Da wuya kowane ɗayan Rasha ya sami damar yin irin wannan hodgepodge a cikin waɗannan shekarun.
18. Wataƙila mafi shaharar waƙar ƙungiyar Chaif, "Ku yi kuka game da shi," an rubuta ta a lokacin da kusan ƙungiyar ta daina wanzuwa a 1989. “Chaif” ya faɗi saboda dalilai da yawa: kuɗi, da rashin tsari na ƙungiyar, kuma, ba shakka, shaye-shaye mara ƙarewa, wanda a hankali aka shiga shakhrin mai ɗaukar hoto, ya taka rawa. Wannan waƙar - ba ita kaɗai ba, ba shakka - ta taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta dawo tare. Kuma tuni ya kasance cikin sabon, ƙwarewar ƙwararru.
"Chaif" a jajibirin faduwar jirgin
19. A zamanin Soviet, don samun motsa jiki, kuna buƙatar haɗi ko mai canzawa (Na ba ku ɗaki, kuma kuna ba da kide kide a ranakun hutu). Daga nan kudi suka fara yanke komai. A lokaci guda, babu abin da ya canza don mawaƙa - masu farawa dole ne su karɓi duk wata dama don samun ɗakin maimaitawa kyauta. Don haka, Mikhail Gorshenyov aka "Pot" da Andrey Knyazev aka "Prince", waɗanda suka yi karatu tare a makarantar maidowa, sun sami aiki a Hermitage ne kawai saboda an ba ma'aikatanta gidaje ba bi da bi ba, duk da cewa a cikin gidajen jama'a. Wannan shine yadda aka haife ƙungiyar "Sarki da mai tsaro" a cikin ɗaki a cikin gidan jama'a.
20. Akwai sanannen takaddara cewa fitinar mawakan dutsen ba daga shugabannin jam’iyya ba ne, amma daga “mawaka” ne - sabbin mawallafa kai tsaye suna barazanar samun kudin shigarsu ta hanyar tsarin sarauta. Tabbacin kai tsaye game da wannan tatsuniyoyin shi ne shahararrun mawaƙan dutsen tsakanin masu yin fim. Rockers suna yin fim rayayye a cikin shekarun 1970s, kuma ana amfani da kiɗansu a bayyane a cikin sigar rakiyar kiɗa. Misali, a cikin 1987, a tsakiyar tsanantawar dutsen, shugaban "Alice" Konstantin Kinchev ya fito a fim din "Burglar". Baya ga waƙoƙin “Alice”, fim ɗin ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ke kunshe da wasu karin makada 5. Kuma akwai wadatattun irin wadannan misalai. Idan Babban Kwamitin CPSU ya kasance cikin damuwa game da masu lalata dutsen akida, da ba a ba su izinin harbi a sinima, wanda, kamar yadda kuka sani, 'yan kwaminisanci suna ɗaukar mafi mahimmancin zane-zane.
