Duk da karancin nau'in jinsin da aka bayyana, barewa suna da bambanci sosai. Amma duk da haka, haɗuwa ta farko tare da kalmar "barewa" a cikin mafi yawan mutane za su kasance ko dai mai laushi ko jan barewa - ɗaurin ƙyallen da aka yi da ƙaho, manyan idanu, da kuma ikon gudu daga haɗari cikin ƙiftawar ido.
Shekaru dubbai, barewa sun kasance tushen abinci da abubuwa daban-daban ga mutane. A ƙarshen shekarun kankara, mutane sun yi ƙaura zuwa arewa suna bin garken dabbobin dawa. Cikin hanzari, mutum ya koyi jagorantar halayyar mai dokin zuwa daidai, don sa su matsa zuwa wurin da ya dace da yanka ko kamawa.
Dole ne a faɗi cewa sama da shekaru aru-aru, halayyar barewa ba ta samo asali ba. Idan hadari ya taso, barewar takan gudu da dukkan karfinta ta hanyar da take kishiyar asalin hatsari koda yanzu. Wataƙila, in ba don farkon gida ba, da kawai za a kashe barewa kamar sauran dabbobi. Wasu masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa barewa ita ce dabba ta biyu da mutum ke shayarwa, bayan kare.
Reindeer ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin waje da abinci, a sauƙaƙe yana dacewa da sauyin yanayi kuma, ban da rututu, ba ya nuna wata damuwa ta musamman. Kuna iya hawa su (idan girman barewa yana ba da izini), jigilar kaya cikin fakiti ko kan alubale. Ga yawancin al'ummomin da ke zaune a cikin Arewa mai Nisa, kiwo barewa hanya ce ta rayuwa. Reindeer tana ba da masauki, tufafi, takalmi, da abinci wanda ya haɗa da bitamin da kuma ma'adanai. Idan ba na barewa ba, da fadadawa ta arewacin Eurasia da Amurka yanzu zasu zama kufai.
A cikin Turai, mutane sun fara lalata barewar kusan tsaftacewa, sa'annan suka kira wannan dabba "mai martaba" ko "mai sarauta" kuma sun fara girmama shi da ƙarfi. Iyakar masu martaba ne kawai aka ba izinin farautar ƙahonin ƙawa. Deer sun zama manya a cikin dabbobi - kowa ya san akwai su, amma kaɗan ne suka gan su a cikin yanayin su. Yanzu mafi kyawun dama don ganin garken shanun dawakai ana bayarwa yayin tafiya zuwa yankin Chernobyl. A can, ba tare da kasancewar mutum ba, barewa, kamar sauran dabbobi, suna jin daɗi ko da a cikin yanayin ƙaruwar haɓakar rediyo da iyakantaccen iyaka.
1. Bankunan Volga, Don da kananan koguna suna malala da kashin barewa. Tsoffin mafarauta sun shirya mafarauta da yawa, suna tuka garkunan barewa a cikin kwazazzabai ko tilasta dabbobi tsalle daga kan dutse. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka yi la'akari da yawan ƙasusuwa, irin wannan kisan gillar dawa a wuri guda ana aiwatar da shi sau da yawa. A lokaci guda, ba su rinjayi halaye na barewa: har yanzu dabbobin suna saurin yawo cikin garken garken.
2. Bincike da aka yi a kasashen Denmark, Sweden da kuma yankin Karelian ya nuna cewa a kalla shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata, mutane ko dai sun yi kiwo a cikin garuruwan da aka killace ko kuma su ajiye wani bangare na garken a kansu don amfaninsu a nan gaba. A kan duwatsu, an adana zane, a cikin abin da barewa take a fili a bayan wasu kamannin corral ko shinge.
3. Madarar ruwa tana da lafiyayyen nama kuma mai gina jiki. Dangane da abun da ke cikin mai, ana kamanta shi da man shafawa, kuma wannan kitsen yana shan jikin mutum sosai. Hakanan akwai alli mai yawa a cikin madara mai shan nono. Ruwan madarar madara mai dandano da laushi kamar ghee daga madarar shanu. Makiyayan Yaren mutanen Yaren mutanen Sweden Lappish da ke kiwon dabbobin nan da nan sai su raba 'yan maruƙa da mahaifiyarsu kuma su ciyar da su da madarar akuya - tsuntsaye sun fi tsada. Don wannan dalili, ana kiwon akuya kusa da barewa.
4. Gidajan barewa a cikin Rasha ya fara, mai yiwuwa, a cikin Urals na Arewa. Akwai hanyoyi na ƙaura na dean tsakar gida da isassun kayan gini don yin alkalami ga dabbobin da aka kama. Akwai ƙarancin ciyayi a arewa da gabas, saboda haka yawan wadatar zuci ba shi yiwuwa.
5. Aikin gona na Reindeer asalinsa abin hawa ne - wanda ake kira da dabbare ana amfani da shi azaman misalin dawakai a wasu ƙauyuka masu nisa. Lokacin da fadada Rasha zuwa arewa maso gabas ta fara, Nenets sun yi amfani da barewar gida kawai a matsayin ƙirar ƙarfi, ƙari kuma, mutane suna hawa kan dawakai suna jigilar kayayyaki cikin fakitoci. Yayin da barewar tayi ƙaura zuwa gabas, yawan ciyawar da ke zama abinci ga barewar ta zama ƙasa da ƙasa. A hankali, nau'in ya fara raguwa, kuma mutane dole su daina hawa kuma suna ɗaukar mai dokin sleds.
6. An yi amfani da hanyoyi iri-iri da yawa don barewar farauta, daga kan giciye zuwa babbar raga. Asali, basu bambanta da hanyoyin kama wasu dabbobi ba, amma basa kama wasu dabbobin da raga a ƙasa. An kwatanta girman irin wannan kamun kifin da barewar da cewa don a sami taru daga fatun barewa, ana buƙatar barewa 50. Hanyar sadarwar da aka samu ta kasance tsayin mita 2.5 da kuma tsawon kilomita 2. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwar, waɗanda ke cikin iyalai daban-daban, an haɗa su ɗaya.
7. 'Yan arewa ba sa kiyon barewa don nama da fatu saboda rayuwa mai kyau. Yayin da motsi na Rasha “ya haɗu da rana”, sun kasance sannu-sannu, duk da halin son freedomancinsu, an kawo “ƙarƙashin ikon sarki” kuma an tilasta su su biya haraji - yasak. Da farko, biyansa bai zama da matsala ba - ya zama dole a mika fata da yawa na dabba mai dauke da fur a shekara. Koyaya, bayan sun fara lalata dabbobi masu fata a cikin Trans-Urals, mutanen yankin dole su sake komawa kan harajin kuɗi - ba za su iya yin takara da mafarautan da ke da makamai ba. Dole ne in fara kiwon barewa, sayar da fata da nama, da kuma biyan harajin a tsabar kudi.
8. Rawanyen naman dawa da jini magani ne masu kyau ga ɓarna. Daga cikin mutanen da suka yi kiwo, wannan cutar ba a san ta ba, kodayake a zahiri ba sa cin kayan lambu da kayan marmari - mutane suna samun bitamin da ake buƙata da ƙananan abubuwa, kuma a cikin wani yanayi mai saurin narkewa, daga jinin barewa.
9. Lichens, wanda aka sani da "reindeer moss", shine kawai abincin mai sakewa kawai a lokacin sanyi (kodayake yana wanzuwa a wuraren da mai rake ya zauna aƙalla watanni 7). A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci na zafin rana, barewa tana cin kusan duk wani ɗan itacen da ake samu a cikin tundra.
10. Abokin Reindeer a cikin Oktoba - Nuwamba, ana kiran wannan lokacin "rut". Maza kafin auri mai tsananin yaƙi don hankalin mata. Ciki yawanci yakan ɗauki watanni 7.5, amma tsawon lokacin zai iya bambanta sosai. Nenets, alal misali, sunyi imanin cewa a cikin matan da aka haifa a farkon rut, da waɗanda ke ɗauke da ɗan tayi, ɗaukar ciki na sama da watanni 8. Kananan maraƙi suna kan ƙafafunsu tsakanin rabin sa'a bayan haihuwa. Ciyar da madara na tsawon watanni 6, duk da haka, tuni a cikin makonnin farko na rayuwa, calves sun fara fara gangaroron ganye.
11. Lokaci kawai da barewa ke da hatsarin gaske ga mutane shine rut. Halin maza na ƙahonin ya zama mara tabbas kuma a cikin fushi suna iya tattake mutum da kyau. Karnuka suna ceta - sun san yadda ake hango halin barewa, kuma idan akwai haɗari ga makiyayi, sai su fara kai hari. Idan kare bai taimaka ba, abu daya ne ya rage - hawa dutse mafi kusa mafi kusa. Dukan mutanen arewa suna da tatsuniyoyi game da yadda mai sihiri mara sa'ayi ya kasance rataye a kan dutse na dogon lokaci, yana tserewa daga dabbar da ke cikin hauka.
12. Shahararrun tururuwa - wadanda ba su da ossified karnukan dawa, wadanda suka kai dala 250 a kowace kilogram - an yanke su daga barewar a watan Yuli, lokacin da ba a kawo su kiwo rani ba. Ana ɗaure dokin da dunduniya, ana ɗaure tururuwa a gindi, kuma ana saran tururuwa da hacksaw. Hanya don barewa tana da zafi ƙwarai, don haka suke ƙoƙarin aiwatar da ita cikin sauri. Dangane da tururuwa, dabbobin dawa ba su da kama. Daga cikin nau'ikan 51 na dabbobin dawa, dabbobin dawa kawai ke da tururuwa ga mata da maza. A cikin mafi yawan sauran nau'o'in, ƙahonin suna da yawa na maza. Barewa ne kawai ba shi da kwari.
13. Ba a yanka bera, amma an makure shi (ban da na Lapps - kawai suna amfani da wuka). Mutane biyu sun matse igiyar a wuyan dabbar, bayan kimanin minti 5 dabbar ta mutu. Sannan a cire fatar daga gare ta, sai a fitar da kayan ciki. Wannan aikin maza ne. Sannan ciki cikin barewa ya cika da yankakken hanta da koda da yankakken nama. Sannan kowa ya sha mug jini kuma ya fara cin abincinsa. Mata ne ke yin yankan gawar. Ana bugu 'yan maruƙa a cikin wata al'ada ta gargajiya - bugun bayan kai da wani abu mai nauyi.
14. Deer na iya kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa daga brucellosis zuwa anthrax. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, akwai tsarin rigakafi, an bai wa gonaki masu kiwon dabbobi kwararru na dabbobin da suka raba ilimi da magunguna tare da masu kiwon dabbobin. Yanzu kusan tsarin ya lalace, amma ana samun ilimin ne daga uba zuwa ga ɗa. Necrobacteriosis ana samun nasarar magance shi a cikin barewa, kuma ana yiwa dabbobi rigakafi. Alurar riga kafi mafi mahimmanci shine kan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ba za a iya yin shi a cikin Satumba kawai ba, don haka watan Agusta shine lokaci mafi wahala ga mai-sakewa. Fata na barewar da aka yanka a wannan lokacin suna kama da sieve kuma ba koyaushe suke dacewa ba hatta don kwanciya Gadflies ana doke su da sanduna akan fatun koto da kai tsaye a kan barewa, amma wannan hanyar ba ta da wani tasiri - akwai ƙwayoyin ƙwari da yawa kuma ba su da ƙarfi sosai.
Lalacewa daga cizon gadfly a bayyane yake bayyane
15. Dukkanin mai kiwon dabba ba shi da gishiri koyaushe, saboda haka mafi kyaun magani a gare su shine dusar ƙanƙara da aka jika cikin fitsari, musamman fitsarin kare. Don irin wannan dusar ƙanƙan, yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani suna faruwa har zuwa asarar ƙaho.
16. Girman Reinde yana dogaro sosai da mazauni, abinci da yanayi. A matsakaita, barewar da ke cikin gida aƙalla ta fi ƙarancin takwarorinsu na daji kashi 20%. Hakanan, bi da bi, haɓaka cikin girma zuwa kudu - barewar Gabas ta Gabas na iya zama girma ninki biyu fiye da na barewar da ke rayuwa a cikin Far North. Reinaramin ɗan rago na iya ɗaukar nauyin kilogram 70 - 80, manyan samfuran jan barewa ba su kai nauyin 300 kilogiram ba.
17. Abin alfahari da mutuntakarsa, dokar laifi ta Ingilishi da farko ta yi magana a kan farautar barewa a cikin dazukan masarauta a hankali - mai laifi ne kawai ya makantar da shi kuma ya jefe shi. Bayan haka, an gyara wannan tsallakewar, kuma an aika waɗanda ke da laifin yunƙuri da ɓarna da masarautar zuwa ga itace. Kuma "Kashe Tsarkakakken Deer" fim ne ba tare da barewa ba, amma tare da Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman da Alicia Silverstone. Makircin ya ta'allaka ne da bala'in Euripides "Iphigenia in Aulis", wanda a ciki Sarki Agemnemon, don yin kafara don zunubin kisan ɗan marainiya, aka tilasta masa kashe 'yarsa.
18. Reindeer ana mutunta shi sosai a Gabas. An yi imanin cewa Shakya Muni ya kasance barewa a ɗayan abubuwan da ya samu, kuma Buddha, a karo na farko bayan wayewa, ya bayyana koyarwarsa a cikin Deer Grove. A Japan, barewa ana ɗaukarta dabba ce mai tsarki, kamar saniya a Indiya. Deer, inda aka same su, suna yawo kan tituna da yardar kaina ko kuma hango wuraren shakatawa. A cikin tsohuwar babban birnin Japan, Naru, barewa suna tafiya cikin garken shanu a zahiri. An ba su izinin ciyar da su a can ne kawai tare da biskit na musamman kuma kaito ga ɗan yawon buɗe ido wanda ya saci jakar waɗannan biskit ɗin ba da gangan ba! Wasu 'yan kyawawan halittu guda goma zasu gudu zuwa gareshi. Ba za su yaga jakar biskit kawai ba, har ma da tufafi da abubuwan wani mai taimako. Kuna iya tserewa ta jirgin sama, bayan da kuka jefa jakar a baya.
19. Elk shima barewa ne. Maimakon haka, babban wakilin dangi - nauyin zai iya wuce 600 kg. Ana ɗaukar Pudu barewa ƙarami, yana zaune a kudancin Chile. Sun fi kama da zomaye masu ƙaho - tsawo har zuwa 30 cm, nauyi har zuwa 10 kilogiram.
20. Reindeer tana dacewa da yanayin su sosai. An yi nasarar kiwon su a cikin Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Caribbean da ma a tsibirin New Guinea, inda ko da yanayin yanayin zafi bai hana wannan ba.
21. Deer ba shi da makiya na gari. Da farko dai, wadannan, tabbas, kerkeci ne. Ba su ma da haɗari saboda suna iya ma'amala da babban barewa su kaɗai. Kerkerai, akasin yarda da shahararrun mutane game da hikimar masu farauta a yanayi, suna kashe ba kawai don abinci ba, har ma da wasa kawai. Wolverines suna da haɗari ga matasa da raunanan mutane. Beyar na iya kashe barewa ne kawai da sakaci idan ya kusa isa wani wuri a ƙetaren kogin.
22. Farauta ga barewa ba dadi ne mai arha ba. A lokacin farautar, farashi ya tashi daga 35,000 rubles don barewar shekara ɗaya zuwa 250,000 don babban namiji. Mata suna tafiya sau biyu - ba za ku iya kashe su ba, amma idan wannan ya faru, za ku biya kuɗin samfurin da aka kashe, kuma ku biya tarar 70 - 80,000 rubles.
23. Idan Santa Claus yayi tafiya tare da skis ko dawakai uku, to Santa Claus yana hawa akan 9 mai badawa. Da farko dai, tun daga shekarar 1823, lokacin da aka rubuta waka "The Visit of St. Nicholas", akwai masu bada fatawa 8. A cikin 1939 an kara musu Rudolph mai jan hanci, yana haskaka hanya da hancinsa. Sauran dawa kuma suna da sunayensu, kuma sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Misali, barewa, wacce ake kira "Walƙiya" a Jamus, ana kiranta "Eclair" a Faransa da ɓangaren Faransanci na Kanada.
24. Takamaiman abincin gwangwani na gwangwani wanda Nenets ke samarwa ana kiransa kopalchem. Hanyar masana'antu tana da sauki. Wani barewa mai cikakkiyar fata (abin da ake buƙata!) An shaƙe wuyan an saukad da shi cikin fadama. Ruwan daushen koyaushe yana da sanyi sosai, saboda haka gawar barewa, kamar a cikin jaka da aka yi da fatarta, bazuwar ta zama mai rauni. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan watanni an shirya abincin Nenets. An cire gawar daga fadamar kuma a yanka ta. Sakamakon datti-launin toka na rubabben nama da kitse yana daskarewa, a yanka shi siraran sirara, kuma a ci shi kamar yadda aka yanka. Mutanen gari ne kawai ke cin abinci! Jikunansu na ƙarni (kuma al'adar girkin kopalchem ba ta wata ƙasa da shekara dubu) sun saba da guba, wanda ya isa a cikin wannan abincin. Mutumin da bai shirya ba zai iya gwada Copalhem sau ɗaya kawai, bayan haka zai mutu cikin tsananin azaba.
25. A cikin duniyar wasa, "stag" shine ɗan wasan da baya tunani game da sakamakon ayyukansa, musamman idan waɗannan sakamakon ya shafi 'yan wasan ƙungiyar sa. Daga cikin magabata, "barewar" mutum ne mai mutunci da hankali, a shirye yake ya sadaukar da muradin kansa saboda girmamawa a fahimtarsa. Misali na yau da kullun shine Athos daga Musketeers Uku. A cikin rundunar Soviet, da farko ana kiran “mai-siye-da-fata” wakilan ƙasashen arewacin da ba su san Rasha sosai ba. Bayan haka, ra'ayin ya bazu zuwa ƙananan rukunin sojoji. Har ila yau kalmar ta kasance a cikin yaren samari, amma ba ta da maanar ma'ana: "barewa" mutum ne wanda ba ya fahimtar wannan batun. A zamanin yau, ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba wajen fadan baki a cikin adawa kamar su "Kai bareye ne, ni kerkeci ne!"
