Rana ita ce mafi mahimmancin yanayin halitta ga duk rayuwar duniya. Kusan dukkanin mutanen zamanin da suna da bautar Sun ko kuma keɓe ta da siffar wani allah. A waccan zamanin, kusan dukkanin al'amuran halitta suna da alaƙa da Rana (kuma, af, ba su da nisa da gaskiya). Mutum ya kasance mai dogaro da yanayi, kuma ɗabi'a ta dogara ga rana sosai. Aan rage aikin rana ya haifar da raguwar yanayin zafin jiki da sauran canjin yanayi. Yanayin sanyi ya haifar da gazawar amfanin gona, sannan yunwa da mutuwa suka biyo baya. Ganin cewa sauye-sauye a ayyukan rana ba su daɗe ba, mace-mace ta kasance mai yawa kuma waɗanda suka tsira sun tuna da ita.
A hankali masana kimiyya sun fahimci yadda rana take "aiki". An kuma bayyana illolin aikinsa kuma an yi karatun su sosai. Babbar matsalar ita ce mizanin Rana idan aka kwatanta da Duniya. Koda a matakin cigaban zamani da muke samu yanzu, dan adam baya iya amsa yadda yakamata ga canje-canjen ayyukan rana. Kada ku yi la'akari da shawarar ga magogi don adana kan validol ko faɗakarwa game da yuwuwar gazawa a cikin sadarwa da cibiyoyin sadarwar komputa azaman tasiri mai tasiri yayin taron guguwar maganadiso! Kuma wannan shine yayin da Rana ke aiki a cikin “yanayin yau da kullun”, ba tare da canje-canje masu tsanani cikin aiki ba.
A madadin, zaku iya kallon Venus. Ga 'yan Venus masu tunani (kuma har ma a tsakiyar karni na ashirin a kan Venus sun yi tsammanin samun rayuwa sosai), gazawa a cikin tsarin sadarwa tabbas zai zama mafi ƙarancin matsalolin. Yanayin duniya yana kiyayemu daga ɓangaren lalatawar hasken rana. Yanayin Venus yana kara tasirinsa ne kawai, har ma yana tayar da yanayin zafin da ba za a iya jure shi ba. Venus da Mercury sun yi zafi sosai, Mars da duniyoyin da ke nesa da Rana suna da sanyi sosai. Haɗin "Sun - Duniya" don haka babu kamarsa. Aƙalla a cikin iyakokin ɓangaren da ake iya hangowa na Metagalaxy.
Rana ma babu irinta ta yadda har zuwa yanzu ita ce kawai tauraruwar da ake da ita (tare da babban, tabbas, ajiyar wuri) don ƙarin ko lessasa binciken batun. Yayinda suke nazarin wasu taurari, masana kimiyya suna amfani da Rana a matsayin ma'auni da kuma kayan aiki.
1. Manyan halaye na zahiri na Rana suna da wahalar wakilta dangane da ƙa'idodin da muka sani; ya fi dacewa da kwatancen. Don haka, diamita na Rana ya wuce Duniya sau 109, yawansa ya ninka sau 333,000, saman fili ya ninka sau 12,000, kuma yawan Rana ya ninka girman duniya sau miliyan 1.3. Idan muka gwada girman Girman Rana da Duniya da sararin da ke raba su, mun samu kwalliya mai fadin milimita 1 (Duniya), wacce ke tazarar mita 10 daga kwallon tanis (Sun). Ci gaba da kwatancen, diamita na tsarin hasken rana zai kasance mita 800, kuma nisan zuwa tauraruwa mafi kusa zai kasance kilomita 2,700. Jimlar Rana duka ta ninka sau 1.4 na ruwa. Ofarfin ƙarfin nauyi a kan tauraron mafi kusa da mu ya ninka na duniya sau 28. Ranar rana - juyin juya halin da ke kewaye da ita - yana kimanin kwanaki 25 na Duniya da shekara guda - juyin juya hali a kusa da tsakiyar Galaxy - sama da shekaru miliyan 225. Rana ta ƙunshi hydrogen, helium da ƙananan ƙazantar ƙazantar wasu abubuwa.
2. Rana tana bada zafi da haske sakamakon halayen thermonuclear - tsari na haɗuwa da atom masu haske zuwa masu nauyi. Dangane da haskenmu, sakin kuzari na iya (ba shakka, a mizani zuwa na farko) a matsayin jujjuyawar hydrogen zuwa helium. A zahiri, tabbas, ilimin lissafi na aikin yana da rikitarwa sosai. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba, bisa ga ƙa'idodin tarihi, masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa Rana tana haskakawa kuma tana bada zafi saboda talakawa, ƙwarai da gaske, konewa. Musamman, fitaccen masanin ilmin boko dan kasar Ingila William Herschel, har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1822, ya yi imani da cewa Rana wuta ce mai ɗanɗano, a saman ciki wanda akwai yankuna da suka dace da mazaunin ɗan adam. Daga baya an kirga cewa da ace Rana gabaɗaya anyi ta da gawayi mai inganci, da zata ƙone nan da shekaru 5,000.
3. Mafi yawan ilimin da ake samu daga rana tsagwaronta ce. Misali, zafin yanayin farfajiyar tauraruwarmu yana da launi. Wato, abubuwan da watakila suka kasance saman rana suna samun launi iri ɗaya a yanayi mai kama da haka. Amma zafin jiki ba shine kawai tasiri akan kayan ba. Akwai matsin lamba mai yawa a kan Rana, abubuwa ba sa cikin tsayayyen wuri, mai haskakawa yana da ɗan ƙarfin maganadiso, da dai sauransu. Duk da haka, a nan gaba mai zuwa, ba wanda zai iya tabbatar da irin waɗannan bayanan. Da kuma bayanai kan wasu dubunnan taurari da masu ilimin taurari suka samu ta hanyar kwatanta ayyukansu da rana.
4. Rana - kuma mu, a matsayinmu na mazaunan Tsarin Rana, tare da ita - ainihin ainihin lardunan Metagalaxy ne. Idan muka zana kwatancen tsakanin Metagalaxy da Rasha, to Rana ita ce mafi mahimmancin yankin yanki a wani wuri a Arewacin Urals. Rana tana kan gefen ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan makamai na tauraron Milky Way, wanda kuma, yana ɗaya daga cikin matsakaitan taurari a gefen yankin na Metagalaxy. Ishaku Asimov yana izgili game da inda Milky Way yake, Rana da inasa a cikin almararsa "Foundation". Ya bayyana wata babbar Daular Galactic wacce ta hada miliyoyin duniyoyi. Kodayake duk ya faro ne daga Duniya, mazaunan masarautar ba sa tuna wannan, kuma har ma mafi ƙanƙanrun masanan ma suna magana game da sunan Duniya a cikin yanayin zato - daular ta manta da irin wannan jejin.
5. Fitowar rana - lokaci ne wanda Wata yakan rufe Duniya gaba daya daga Rana - al'amarin da ya dade yana dauke da ban mamaki da ban tsoro. Ba wai kawai rana take ɓacewa daga sararin samaniya ba, amma yana faruwa tare da rashin tsari. Wani wuri tsakanin kusufin rana, shekaru goma na iya wucewa, wani wuri Rana "ta ɓace" sau da yawa. Misali, a Kudancin Siberia, a cikin Jamhuriyar Altai, jimillar kusufin rana ya afku a shekarar 2006-2008 tare da bambancin da ya wuce shekaru 2.5. Mafi shaharar kusufin rana ya faru ne a bazarar 33 AD. e. a cikin Yahudiya a ranar da, bisa ga Littafi Mai Tsarki, aka gicciye Yesu Kristi. Lissafin masana falaki ya tabbatar da wannan husufin. Daga husufin rana a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 2137 BC. tarihin da aka tabbatar da shi na kasar Sin ya fara - sannan kuma aka samu kusufin baki daya, wanda aka rubuta a cikin kundin tarihi zuwa shekara ta 5 na mulkin Emperor Chung Kang. A lokaci guda, na farko da aka rubuta mutuwa da sunan kimiyya ya faru. Masanan taurari na kotu Hee da Ho sun yi kuskure tare da kwanan wata game da husufin kuma an kashe su saboda rashin iya aiki. Lissafi na kusufin rana ya taimaka kwanan wata wasu al'amuran tarihi.
6. Gaskiyar cewa akwai tabo a Rana ya rigaya sananne a lokacin Kozma Prutkov. Kusoshin rana kamar fashewar tsaunukan ƙasa ne. Bambancin kawai a sikeli ne - aibobi sun fi kilomita 10,000 a girma, kuma a yanayin fitarwa - a kan duwatsun da ke duniya suna fitar da abubuwa, a rana ta hanyar tabo masu karfin maganadisu suna tashi. Suna dan danne motsin kwayoyi a kusa da saman haske. Yawan zafin jiki, daidai da haka, yana raguwa, kuma launi na farfajiyar farfajiyar ya zama mai duhu. Wasu tabo na tsawan watanni. Motsawar su ce ta tabbatar da juyawar Rana a kusa da inda take. Adadin sunspots da ke nuna ayyukan rana yana canzawa tare da zagayowar shekaru 11 daga ƙarami zuwa wani (akwai wasu hawan keke, amma sun fi yawa). Dalilin da ya sa tsaka-tsakin ya cika shekaru 11 ba a sani ba. Sauye-sauye a cikin aikin hasken rana nesa ba kusa ba ne daga abin da ke da sha'awar kimiyya kawai. Suna shafar yanayin duniya da kuma yanayin duniya baki ɗaya. A lokacin babban aiki, annoba na faruwa sau da yawa, kuma haɗarin bala'o'i da fari suna ƙaruwa. Ko da a cikin masu lafiya, aikin ya ragu sosai, kuma a cikin waɗanda ke fama da cututtukan zuciya, haɗarin shanyewar jiki da bugun zuciya yana ƙaruwa.
7. Ranakun rana, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin tsakanin tazarar tsakanin Rana na wannan ma'anar, mafi yawan lokuta zenith, a sararin samaniya, ma'anar ba ta da kyau sosai. Duk kusurwar duniya da saurin juyawar duniya, suna canza girman rana. Rana ta yanzu, wacce aka samu ta hanyar rarraba shekara mai yanayin yanayi zuwa sassa 365.2422, tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da ainihin motsi na Rana a sama. Rufe lambobi, ba komai. Daga bayanan da aka samo na wucin gadi, tsawon awanni, mintoci da sakanni ana samu ta hanyar rarrabuwa. Ba abin mamaki bane taken ƙungiyar 'yan kallo ta Farisiyawa kalmomi ne "Rana tana yaudara tana nuna lokaci".
8. A Duniya, Rana, ba shakka, na iya taimakawa wajen tantance mahimman abubuwan. Koyaya, duk sanannun hanyoyin amfani da shi don wannan dalili zunubi ne na babban rashin kuskure. Misali, sanannen hanyar tantance kudu zuwa kudu ta amfani da agogo, lokacin da aka karkatar da hannun awa zuwa ga rana, kuma an ayyana kudu a matsayin rabin kusurwa tsakanin wannan hannun da lamba 6 ko 12, zai iya haifar da kuskuren digiri 20 ko fiye. Hannuna suna motsawa tare da bugun kira a cikin jirgin sama, kuma motsiwar Rana a sama yana da rikitarwa sosai. Sabili da haka, ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar idan kuna buƙatar yin tafiya kamar 'yan kilomitoci ta cikin daji zuwa gefen gari. A cikin taiga, kilomita da yawa daga shahararrun wuraren tarihi, ba shi da amfani.
9. Lamarin farin dare a St. Petersburg sananne ne ga kowa. Kasancewar a lokacin rani Rana tana ɓoyewa a bayan sararin samaniya kawai na ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma da daddare da dare, babban birnin Arewacin yana haskakawa koda a cikin dare mai nisa. Matasa da matsayin birni suna taka rawa a cikin sanannen sanannen Farin dare na St. A cikin Stockholm, daren bazara bai fi na Petersburg duhu ba, amma mutane suna zaune a wurin ba na shekaru 300 ba, amma sun daɗe sosai, kuma ba su ga wani abu ba bare a cikin su na dogon lokaci. Arkhangelsk Rana tana haskakawa da dare fiye da Petersburg, amma ba mawaka, marubuta da masu zane da yawa sun fito daga Pomors ba. Farawa daga 65 ° 42 lat arewa latitude, Rana ba ta ɓoyewa a bayan sararin samaniya har tsawon watanni uku. Tabbas, wannan yana nufin cewa tsawon watanni uku a cikin hunturu akwai duhun duhu, haskakawa, idan kuma yaushe kuka sami sa'a, tare da Hasken Arewa. Abun takaici, a arewacin Chukotka da Tsibiran Solovetsky, mawaƙa sun ma fi Arkhangelsk sharri. Saboda haka, baƙar fata kwanakin Chukchi sananne ne ga jama'a gabaɗaya kamar farin dare na Solovetsky.
10. Hasken rana fari ne. Tana mallakar launi daban-daban ne kawai lokacin da take ratsawa ta sararin samaniya a kusurwoyi mabambanta, tana sakewa ta iska da kuma abubuwan da ke ciki. A kan hanya, yanayin duniya yana warwatsewa kuma yana inganta hasken rana. Tabbatattun duniyoyi, wadanda kusan babu yanayi, ba sune masarautu masu duhu ba. A kan Pluto da rana yana da haske sau da yawa fiye da na Duniya akan cikakken wata tare da sararin samaniya. Wannan yana nufin cewa ya fi sau 30 haske a can fiye da mafi tsakar daren farin dare na St.
11. Janyo hankalin wata, kamar yadda kuka sani, yana yin daidai a duk faɗin duniya. Abin da ake yi ba daidai yake ba: idan duwatsun wuya na dunƙulen ƙasa suka tashi suka faɗi zuwa kusan santimita biyu, to ebb da gudana suna faruwa a cikin Tekun Duniya, ana auna su da mitoci. Rana tana aiki a duniya tare da ƙarfi makamancin sakamako, amma sau 170 ya fi ƙarfi. Amma saboda nisan, karfin igiyar Rana a Duniya ya ninka kasa da irin wannan tasirin wata sau 2.5. Bugu da ƙari, Wata yana kusan yin aiki kai tsaye a Duniya, kuma Rana tana aiki ne akan cibiyar taro na Duniyar-Wata. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa babu rawanin rana da na wata a duniya, amma adadin su. Wani lokaci guguwa ta wata tana ƙaruwa, ba tare da la'akari da lokacin da tauraronmu yake ba, wani lokacin yakan raunana a lokacin da hasken rana da na wata suke aiki daban.
12. Dangane da shekarun tauraruwa, Rana ta cika fure. Ya wanzu kusan shekaru biliyan 4.5. Ga taurari, wannan shekarun tsufa ne kawai. A hankali, hasken wuta zai fara dumi kuma ya ba da ƙarin zafi ga sararin da ke kewaye. A cikin kimanin shekaru biliyan, Rana zata kara zafi da kashi 10%, wanda ya isa ya kusan lalata rayuwar duniya baki daya. Rana za ta fara fadada cikin sauri, yayin da zafin jikinta ya isa hydrogen don fara konewa a cikin kwatar. Tauraruwar zata rikida zuwa wani katon jarumi. A kusan shekaru biliyan 12.5, Rana zata fara rasa nauyi cikin sauri - iska daga hasken rana zata kwashe abubuwa daga kwasfa ta waje. Tauraruwar zata sake yin kankancewa, sannan a takaice ta sake komawa cikin wani katon jarumi. Ta hanyar matsayin Duniya, wannan matakin ba zai daɗe ba - miliyoyin shekaru. Sannan Rana zata sake yin amai tazara. Zasu zama nebula ta duniya, wanda a tsakiyarsa za'a sami sanyin jiki sanye a hankali da sanyin dwarf mai sanyi.
13. Saboda tsananin zafin rana a cikin yanayin rana (miliyoyin digiri ne kuma ana iya kamanta shi da yanayin zafin jiki), kumbon sama jannati ba zai iya gano tauraron daga nesa ba. A tsakiyar 1970s, Masanan taurarin Jamusawa sun ƙaddamar da tauraron Helios a cikin hanyar Rana. Babban dalilinsu shine su kusanci Rana sosai. Sadarwa tare da kumbo na farko ya kare a nisan kilomita miliyan 47 daga Rana. "Helios B" ya ƙara hawa, yana gabatowa tauraruwa a kilomita miliyan 44. Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen masu tsada ba a sake maimaita su ba. Wani abin sha’awa shine, don harba kumbon sama sama zuwa mafi kyawun zagaye, dole ne a tura shi ta hanyar Jupiter, wanda ya nisan sau biyar daga Duniya sama da Rana. A can, na'urar na yin motsa jiki na musamman, kuma tana zuwa Rana ta amfani da karfin Jupiter.
14. Tun 1994, a kan kudirin ofungiyar Turai ta Internationalungiyar ofasa ta Duniya ta Hasken Rana, ana yin bikin Ranar rana kowace shekara a ranar 3 ga Mayu. A wannan ranar, ana gudanar da al'amuran da ke inganta amfani da hasken rana: balaguro zuwa cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana, gasar zana zane ta yara, gudanar da motoci masu amfani da hasken rana, taron karawa juna sani da taro. Kuma a cikin DPRK, Ranar Rana na ɗaya daga cikin ranakun hutu mafi girma a ƙasa. Gaskiya ne, bashi da wata alaƙa da haskenmu. Wannan ita ce ranar haihuwar mai kafa DPRK Kim Il Sung. Ana bikin ne a ranar 19 ga Afrilu.
15. A wani yanayi na zato, idan Rana ta fita ta daina fitar da zafi (amma ta zauna a wurinta), wata masifa ba zata faru ba. Hotunan hotuna na shuke-shuke zasu daina, amma ƙananan wakilai na flora ne zasu mutu da sauri, kuma bishiyoyin zasu rayu har tsawon wasu watanni. Mafi mahimmancin mummunan yanayin zai zama digo cikin zafin jiki. A cikin 'yan kwanaki, nan take zai sauka zuwa -17 ° С, yayin da yanzu matsakaicin zafin shekara a Duniya shine + 14.2 ° С. Canje-canje a cikin yanayi zai zama babba, amma wasu mutane zasu sami lokacin tserewa. Misali, a cikin Iceland, ana samun sama da kashi 80% na makamashi daga kafofin da zafin rana mai ƙarfi ke zafi, kuma ba sa zuwa ko'ina. Wasu za su iya samun mafaka a mafaka ta ɓoye. Gabaɗaya, duk wannan zai zama sannu a hankali ƙarewar duniya.
