A ƙarshen karni na 20, huskies sun fara bayyana a titunan biranen Rasha. Karnuka masu launin baki da fari masu shuɗi tare da shuɗayen idanu suna jan hankali, suna tilasta masu su bayyana koyaushe cewa wannan ba husky bane, amma wani nau'in ne daban.
Saurin haɓaka cikin shahararren husky bai hana ko da mawuyacin yanayin karnukan wannan nau'in ba. Huskies suna yin kama da kuliyoyi fiye da karnuka - suma basa rayuwa tare da mai su, amma kusa da mai shi. Suna da wayo da son rai. Hatta karnukan da ke da kyawawan halaye suna bin umarni ne kawai ta hanyar tantance ƙimar wajibcin aikin da ake buƙata. Huskies suna kirkirar kirkire-kirkire, kuma ga masu mallakarsu abin ragi ne - karnuka na iya buɗe ƙyalli mai sauƙi ko juya ƙofar ƙofa don samun kulawa. Kuma bayan fatattakar abinci da kuma gano laifin, husky zai kalli mai shi tare da magana mai taɓa zuciya.
Tare da duk wata fitina, huskies ba sa son yara kuma suna farin cikin yin wasa da jarirai da kula da su. Koyaya, suna yiwa mutum ɗaya biyayya, wasu dangi ko waɗanda suka san su ba su da iko a kansu. Anan ga wasu karin hujjoji da labarai waɗanda zasu taimaka muku don sanin huskies sosai da fahimtar halayen su.
1. A zahiri, sunan "husky" ya bayyana da wuri sosai fiye da daidaitaccen yanayin da ke kanta. Ma'aikatan farko na Kamfanin Hudson's Bay Company (wanda aka kafa a 1670) sun kira duk karnukan Eskimo da wannan kalma. Sun kira Eskimos da kansu "Eski". Lokacin da a shekarar 1908 dan kasuwa dan kasar Rasha kuma mai hakar gwal Ilya Gusak ya kawo katunkin Siberia na farko zuwa Alaska, da farko mazauna yankin sun kira su da “beraye” - kafafuwan husky sun fi wadanda suka fi na karnukan da suka shahara a lokacin. Abokan huskies ba su sami daraja sosai a cikin tseren kare ba, sau ɗaya kawai a cikin tseren uku na farko suka sami damar hawa zuwa matsayi na uku. Amma haɗuwa da saurin gudu, juriya, juriya mai sanyi da hankali mai tasowa ya sa masu hakar gwal sun yarda cewa nau'in ya dace da kare don jigilar kayayyaki. Gander din, wanda ya zama William a Alaska, ya tafi ya siyar da huskies. Waɗanda suka sami karnukansa sun sami damar haɓaka nau'in kuma suka kirkiro dabarun kare karnuka don tsawon lokaci huskies sun mamaye waɗannan gasa. A hankali, kalmar "husky" tare da sifa iri-iri ta fara kiran yawancin jinsunan karnukan da aka dirka. Amma mafi inganci, ambaton waɗannan nau'ikan shine Siberian Husky.
2. A shekarar 1925, Leonard Seppala, wani shahararren mawakin Alaska (direban kare), dan asalin kasar Norway, da tawagarsa, karkashin jagorancin wani husky mai suna Togo, sun zama jarumai na aikin isar da allurar rigakafin cutar diphtheria zuwa garin Nome. An gabatar da maganin a Anchorage, fiye da kilomita 1,000 daga Nome. Wani mummunan guguwa yana ta garari, sadarwar rediyo ba ta da kyau. Duk da haka, sun sami nasarar yarda cewa relay zai isar da rigakafin zuwa ƙauyen Nulato, inda Seppala da karnenta zasu sadu da ita. Ba’amurke dan karnukan da ke karba suna gabanin lokacin da aka tsara, kuma kawai ta hanyar mu’ujiza sun hadu da wata tawaga da ke da rigakafin kilomita 300 daga Nome. Seppala nan da nan ya dawo da sauri, kuma wani ɓangare na shi, don rage lokacin, yayi tafiya tare da daskararren Norton Bay. Mutane da yawa na kilomita da karnuka sun yi tafiya cikin dare, a ƙetaren kankara mai narkewa, suna zaɓar hanya tsakanin masu dimauta. Tare da karshen karfinsa - Togo, babban karnuka a cikin kungiyar, tuni ya rasa kafafunsa - suka isa garin Golovin. Anan ne lokacin ya zama sananne ga wani husky - Balto. Kare, wanda ke jagorantar tawagar wani dan kasar Norway Gunnar Kaasen, ya jagoranci tawagar ta hanyar kilomita 125 na dusar kankara wacce ta rage zuwa Nome. Ya ɗauki kwanaki 5 kawai don kawar da annobar cutar diphtheria. Togo, Balto da direbobinsu sun zama jarumai, labarin su ya mamaye jaridu sosai. Mutane, kamar yadda suka saba, sun yi ta jayayya game da wanda gudummawar da ya bayar don ceton Nome ya fi girma (Togo da Seppala sun kai kilomita 418, Balto da Kaasen “kawai” 125), kuma karnukan sun fara shiga cikin wata hanyar kasuwanci ta hannu, inda suka yi mummunar rayuwa, sannan suka shiga gidan zoo An saka Togo cikin barci a shekara ta 1929 yana da shekara 16, Balto ya mutu bayan shekara huɗu, yana da shekaru 14. Bayan "Babban Tseren Jinƙai", kamar yadda aka kira isar da allurar rigakafin zuwa Nome, Togo ko Balto ba su halarci tseren ba.
3. Dangane da Associationungiyar Cyungiyar noasa ta Duniya, Husky ƙabilar ɗan ƙasa ce ta Amurka. Za'a iya bayanin gaskiyar rikitarwa. A cikin 1920s da 1930s, gwamnatin Soviet ta yi ƙoƙarin gabatar da mizanai na musamman don karnukan da ke kankara a arewacin. An haramtawa mutanen Arewa a fili don kiwon irin karnukan da aka sani wadanda ba su da girma, wadanda suka hada da kabeji. Olaf Swenson, wani Ba'amurke dan kasuwa, ya shigo cikin kan hanya. Ya kasance tare da duk gwamnatocin Rasha, daga tsar har zuwa Bolsheviks. Svensson yana da hannu dumu-dumu cikin fatawar fata bisa ga, aƙalla, makircin "launin toka" - kuɗin bai tafi kasafin kuɗin Soviet Soviet ba. A cikin layi daya, Svensson ya buga sauran gesheft. Ofayansu shine fitarwa ta hanyar zagaye ta hanyar manyan huskies. Ya kasance ga waɗannan karnukan ne Amurkawa suka yi rajistar nau'in a matsayin nasu. A cikin 1932, huskies sun shiga cikin Tekun Placid na Lake Placid - Amurkawa sun nuna nau'ikan karnukan da ke sanye a cikin jinsin kare na silan. Kuma kawai bayan rabin karni, huskies ta cikin Turai sun sake bayyana a Rasha.
4. Huskies suna da horo sosai akan biyayya kuma suna iya zama abokantaka, amma kar kyawunsu ya yaudare ku. Kakannin wadannan karnukan na baya-bayan nan sun kasance na daji ne, kuma a waje da lokacin tuki sun kasance daji ne gaba daya - 'yan Eskimos suna ciyar da su ne kawai a cikin tawaga. Tunanin farauta a cikinsu har yanzu yana da ƙarfi sosai. Sabili da haka, duk kuliyoyi da ƙananan karnuka a cikin kewayen husky suna cikin haɗarin haɗari. Huskies ma suna da kyau a haƙa ƙasa, don haka ba kowa bane, hatta shinge mai ƙyalli, na iya zama cikas a gare su.
5. Huskies suna cikin jituwa cikin fakiti kuma suna da ɗan kamanni da kyarkeci (suna yawan kuka fiye da haushi, misali), amma ba kerkeci bane a cikin ɗabi'unsu da kuma ikon yin aiki da hankali. Wannan, duk da haka, bai hana husky yin rawar kerkeci a fina-finai kamar "Beyond the Wolves" ko "Taiga Romance".
6. Husarfin Husky na iya jure yanayin ƙarancin yanayi ba'a iyakance shi da yanayin sanyi, ƙanƙarar dusar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙarar dusar ƙanƙara ba. Huskies na iya jure zafi. A wannan yanayin, ulu tana taka rawar riga da mayafi tsakanin mutanen gabas - tana daidaita daidaituwar yanayin zafi. Matsalar kawai a cikin zafin rana ita ce rashin ruwan sha. A ka'ida, daga gaskiyar cewa an haifa irin a arewa, ba ya bin kwata-kwata cewa yanayin jin daɗi a gare ta shine tsananin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara da kankara. Huskies suna jin mafi kyau a zazzabi na + 15 - + 20 ° С. Misali na misali: ƙasa ta uku a duniya dangane da yawan huskies ita ce Italiya, wanda yanayin ta ya yi nesa da Siberian.
7. Kuna iya ajiye tsattsauran ra'ayi ko'ina: a cikin gida mai zaman kansa tare da fili mai faɗi, a cikin gida tare da ƙaramin yadi, a cikin aviary, a cikin wani gida. Akwai wasu keɓaɓɓu guda biyu: a kowane hali sanya kare a kan sarkar kuma a cikin kowane, ko da ƙaramin ɗaki, ware wurin bacci don husky - sarari na sirri. Koyaya, a cikin ƙaramin ɗaki, mutum zai nemi sarari na kansa.
8. Huskies na zubar a hankali, sau 2 a shekara, kuma ba sosai ba. Yayin lokacin zubar, don cire duk ulu, mintuna 10 na tsefewa sun isa. Wannan ya shafi karnukan da suka balaga, amma 'yan kwikwiyo za su yi tinker da su. Jarirai na zubewa sau da yawa ba tare da daidaito ba, don haka wahalar da ke tattare da su da tara ulu sun fi yawa. Wani karin na husky shine basu taba jin kamshin kare ba.
9. Akasin shahararren imani, huskies kyawawan karnukan farauta ne, an daidaita su don yankin asalin su. Suna iya bin wasan da suka fi so na kilomita, kamar kerkeci, ba tare da fadowa daga dusar ƙanƙara ba. Hakanan ana farautar Huskies don fadama da wasan sama, har ma da furs. A lokaci guda, yayin farauta, huskies suna nuna cewa zasu iya yin haushi. Gaskiya ne, sigina ga mai shi game da kasancewar wasa, har yanzu suna ɗan kururuwa kaɗan. Wannan, ba shakka, kawai ya shafi ɗakunan da aka keɓe musamman don farauta. Wani kare na wannan nau'in, idan ka dauke shi akan farauta, zai cinye duk abin da zai iya kaiwa.
10. Huskies bashi da wani amfani kamar karnukan tsaro. Matsakaicinsa, husky na iya yin faɗa tare da wani kare wanda ke rugawa ga mai shi. Gwanin ba zai kare mai shi daga mutumin ba (wata tambaya ita ce, shin akwai wasu jarumawa da yawa waɗanda suke shirye su afka wa wani mutum da kwalliyar da ke tsere a kan leda). Zamanin tarbiyya na mutanen arewa yana da tasiri anan. A cikin Yankin Nesa, kowane rayuwar ɗan adam ba shi da kima, don haka, karnukan da ake kiwo a arewa ba sa kai wa mutane hari ba tare da kyakkyawan dalili ba.
11. Dangane da matsayin Clubungiyar katanga ta Amurka, tsayin kare mai kaushi a bushe bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da centimita 52.2 kuma fiye da santimita 59. Ya kamata karyar ta kasance tsakanin tsayi 50 zuwa 55 santimita. Nauyin kare ya kamata ya zama daidai da tsawo: daga 20.4 zuwa 29 kilogiram na maza kuma daga 16 zuwa 22.7 kilogiram na bitches. Maza da mata masu nauyin jiki ko na kiba sun cancanta.
12. Yanayin husky bai dace sosai da gabatarwa a wasan kare ba. Saboda haka, nasarar huskies da masu su a manyan karnukan duniya ana iya lissafa su a hannu ɗaya. Don haka, a cikin 1980, nasarar Innisfree ta Sierra Cinnar, wacce har yanzu ita ce kaɗai a cikin tarihin sama da ƙarni na babban baje kolin Amurka “Westminster Kennel Club”, ya zama abin birgewa. Hakanan an lura da nasarorin guda daya na Husky a wasannin kare kare Asiya da Gasar Duniya. A shahararren baje kolin "Crafts" a Burtaniya, huskies bai taɓa cin nasara ba.
13. Huskies suna son tauna ƙafafunsu. Wannan ba cuta ba ce ko rikicewar ci gaba, amma al'ada ce ta gado. Waɗannan karnukan suna da hankali ga ƙafafunsu, kusan ba su damar taɓawa. Anyi bayanin al'adar taunawa da farko ta hanyar ciki na karya, amma sai suka lura cewa maza ma suna aikata hakan. Hakanan an lura cewa duk wasu kwikwiyo na wannan zuriyar leda suna cinye masu hannuwansu idan ɗayansu ya fara lalata su.
14. A cikin ɓangaren Turai na Rasha, huskies ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin 1987. Wani sabon nau'in ga masu kiwon kare na Rasha ya dade yana yaduwa. A cikin 1993, huskies 4 ne kawai suka halarci baje kolin na Arta. Amma sannu a hankali irin ya fara samun shahara. Tuni a cikin 2000, an haifi puppy puppy 139 a Rasha, kuma yanzu akwai dubban karnukan wannan nau'in.
15. Husky metabolism na musamman ne kuma har yanzu ba ayi cikakken bincike ba. A lokacin tsananin aiki, karnuka suna gudun kilomita 250 tare da kaya. A lokaci guda, jikinsu yana ciyar da adadin kuzari da yawa kamar yadda ƙwararren ɗan keke ke kashe tuki mai nisan kilomita 200 na tseren keke. A lokaci guda, huskies suna iya yin aikinsu na kwanaki da yawa a jere, suna wadatuwa da ƙarancin abinci (Eskimos ɗin sun ciyar da huskies da ɗan ƙaramin busasshen kifi), kuma suna hutawa da dare kawai. Su Huskies da kansu suna shan irin abincin da suke ci - kare na yawan cin sai idan yana da dadin abincin da yake so a gabansa - kuma kusan babu wata kitse a jikinsu.
