Kwallon kafa shine wasa mafi mashahuri a duniya. Fiye da karni da rabi na wanzuwarsa, wannan wasan ya zama babban dala, wanda ya kunshi daruruwan miliyoyin mutane. Tushen wannan kirkirar dala ya kunshi yan koyo, tun daga yara suna buga ball a wani fili, sai maza masu mutunci da ke buga kwallon kafa sau biyu a mako da yamma. A saman dala dala akwai ƙwararrun ƙwararru tare da kwangilar miliyoyin daloli da salon rayuwarsu waɗanda suka dace da waɗannan kwangilar.
Pywallon ƙafa na ƙwallon ƙafa yana da matakan tsaka-tsaki da yawa, ba tare da abin da ba za a iya tunani ba. Daya daga cikinsu shine magoya baya, wanda wasu lokuta suke rubuta shafukansu a tarihin kwallon kafa. Hakanan masu aiki suna taka rawa a ƙwallon ƙafa, suna zuwa da sabbin dokoki da bayyana tsoffin dokoki. Wani lokaci daga waje ma suna bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa. Don haka, injiniya John Alexander Brody, wanda abokai suka ja shi zuwa kwallon kafa, ya yi mamakin rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa game da shin kwallon ta ci kwallon ko kuwa. "Me zai hana ka rataya raga?" ya yi tunani, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin har ma da ma'aunin raga raga - ƙuli 25,000 - ana kiransa Brody.
Kuma a cikin tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa har yanzu akwai da yawa masu ban dariya, taɓawa, koyarwa da ma abubuwan ban haushi.
1. A watan Nuwamba na 2007, Inter Milan ta isa garin Sheffield na Ingila tare da Marco Materazzi da kuma Mario Balotelli a cikin jeri. Don tsayin lokacin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai, shari'ar ba ta da sauƙi, ƙungiyar Italiya ce kawai ta zo Foggy Albion ba gaba ɗaya ba don shiga gasar Kofin Zakarun Turai ko UEFA Cup a lokacin. Inter ta zo wasan sada zumunci ne don girmamawa shekaru 150 na tsohuwar kungiyar kwallon kafa a duniya - Sheffield FC. An kafa kungiyar a 1857 kuma bata taba zama zakaran Ingila ba. Koyaya, a babban wasan. ya ƙare da ci 2: 5, wanda ya samu halartar sarkin ƙwallon ƙafa Pele da yawancin taurari na wannan wasa na ƙananan matsayi.
2. Masu tsaron ragar ƙwallon ƙafa ba su sami damar yin wasa da hannayensu nan da nan ba. A cikin dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na farko, ba a ambaci masu tsaron raga ko kaɗan ba. A cikin 1870, an ware masu tsaron raga a cikin wani matsayi na daban kuma an ba su damar taɓa ƙwallon da hannayensu a cikin yankin burin. Kuma kawai a cikin 1912, sabon fitowar dokokin ya ba masu tsaron raga damar yin wasa da hannayensu a duk yankin fanareti.
3. A wasan farko na hukuma da aka buga, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Rasha ta hadu a gasar Olympics ta 1912 tare da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Finland. Finland a lokacin tana daga cikin Daular Rasha, amma mulkin mallaka a ciki ya kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi, kuma cikin sauki Finnas ta sami damar shiga gasar Olimpics karkashin tutar tasu. Kungiyar ta Rasha ta sha kashi da ci 1: 2. Manufar yanke hukunci an ci ta, bisa ga kayan aikin jarida a wancan lokacin, ta hanyar iska - ya "hura" wata ƙwallon da ke tashi sama da su gaskiya. Abin takaici, ba a yi amfani da sanannen “tsarin wasannin Olympics” ba a lokacin, kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Rasha ba ta tafi gida ba bayan an kayar da ita. A wasa na biyu, 'yan wasan kwallon kafar na Rasha sun hadu da kungiyar ta Jamus kuma sun sha kashi da ci 0 da nema.
4. A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1923, a sabon filin wasa na Wembley da ke Landan, wasan karshe na cin Kofin FA (sunan hukuma na cin Kofin FA) tsakanin Bolton da West Ham. Shekarar da ta wuce, sama da 50,000an kallo dubu 50 ne suka zo filin wasa na Stamford Bridge don irin wannan wasan. Wadanda suka shirya wasan karshe na 1923 sun ji tsoron kada Wembley na 120,000 ya cika. Tsoron ya zama banza. Fiye da tikiti 126,000 aka sayar. Adadin magoya bayan da ba a san su ba - dubbai - sun shigo filin ba tare da tikiti ba. Dole ne mu girmama haraji ga 'yan sanda na London - "bobbies" ba su yi ƙoƙari su nuna ƙarfi ba, amma kawai sun ja ragamar mutane. Lokacin da wuraren kallo suka cika, 'yan sanda sun fara barin' yan kallo kan hanyoyin da ke gudu da wajen kofar. Tabbas, cincirindon 'yan kallo a kewayen filin wasan kwallon kafa bai ba da gudummawa ga jin dadin' yan wasan ba. Amma a daya gefen. a cikin rabin karni, rashin aiki ko ayyukan da ba daidai ba na jami'an tilasta bin doka zai haifar da bala'i da yawa tare da dimbin wadanda abin ya shafa. Wasan karshe na Kofin Kungiyar Kwallan Kafa na 1923 ya kare ba tare da rauni ba, ban da na 'yan wasan West Ham. Bolton ta lashe wasan da ci 2 da 0 kuma duk kwallayen biyu ‘yan kallo ne suka dauki nauyi. Game da kwallon farko, ba su bar mai tsaron baya ba, wanda ya jefa kawai a cikin filin, kuma a cikin wasan da ƙwallo ta biyu, ƙwallon ta tashi cikin ƙwallon daga wani mai goyon bayan da ke tsaye kusa da gidan.
5. Har zuwa 1875 babu giciye a ƙwallon ƙwallon - rawar da ya taka ta igiya miƙa tsakanin sanduna. Da alama ya kawo ƙarshen muhawara game da ko ƙwallon ta tashi a ƙarƙashin igiya, jefa ta, ko kuma a kan igiyar, lanƙwasa ta. Amma kasancewar katuwar gicciye ce ta haifar da mummunan rikici kusan ƙarni ɗaya daga baya. A wasan karshe na Kofin Duniya na 1966, Ingila - Jamus, da ci 2: 2, kwallon ta sauka daga kan sandar bayan ta buge dan wasan gaban Ingila Jeff Hirst. Alƙalin wasa daga USSR Tofik Bahramov ya nuna wa babban alkalin wasa Gottfried Dienst cewa kwallon ta tsallake layin ƙwallon. Dienst ya ci kwallo, kuma Turawan Burtaniya, wadanda daga baya suka ci wata kwallo, suka yi bikin nasarar su daya tilo a gasar kwallon kafa ta duniya kawo yanzu. Koyaya, takaddama game da halalcin hukuncin mai yanke hukunci na Jamusawan bai lafa ba har zuwa yanzu. Bidiyoyin da suka tsira ba su taimaka ba da amsar da ba ta bayyana ba, kodayake, wataƙila, babu maƙasudi a cikin abin. Koyaya, gicciye ya taimaki Birtaniyya don lashe taken zakara.
6. Babban cancantar fitaccen kocin Jamus Sepp Gerberger galibi ana kiransa nasarar ƙungiyar ƙasar ta Jamus a gasar Kofin Duniya ta 1954. Koyaya, taken ya inuwantar da sabbin hanyoyin Gerberger game da aikinsa. Kullum yana zuwa wasu birane da ƙasashe don kallon abokan hamayyarsa nan gaba - har sai Gerberger, babu ɗayan masu horarwar da ya yi hakan. Har ila yau, a matsayin wani bangare na shirye-shiryen kungiyar kasar don wasa ko gasa, kocin ya yi tattaki zuwa wuraren gasar a gaba kuma ya duba ba filayen wasannin da aka gudanar da wasannin ba kawai, har ma da otal-otal din da kungiyar kwallon kafar ta Jamus za ta zauna, da kuma gidajen cin abincin da ‘yan wasan za su ci. A tsakiyar karni na 20, wannan tsarin ya kasance mai neman sauyi kuma ya ba Gerberger galaba akan abokan aikin sa.
7. Ba wai kawai yanayin salo ba ne yake tafiya ne kawai ba, amma har da dabarun kwallon kafa. yanzu manyan kulaflikan da kungiyoyin kasa suna bin sahun 'yan wasansu na kariya, suna tunzura' yan wasa masu gaba da gaba. Wannan shine yadda tsarin kariya ya kasance daga gabatarwar kwallon kafa zuwa 1930s. Sannan kuma kocin Austriya, wanda ya yi aiki a Switzerland tsawon shekaru, Karl Rappan ya ƙirƙiro wata dabara wacce daga baya ake kira "Gidan Rappan". Jigon dabarar ya kasance mai sauƙi, kamar komai mai girma. Mai horarwa na farko ya sanya ɗayan masu tsaron baya kusa da burin sa. Don haka, ƙungiyar tana da nau'ikan matakan tsaro na biyu - mai tsaron baya ya tsabtace kuskuren umarnin tsaro. Sun fara kiran sa "mai tsabta" ko "libero". Haka kuma. irin wannan mai tsaron baya na iya zama mahimmin abin kai hari, yana haɗuwa da harin ƙungiyar sa. Tsarin "mai tsabta", tabbas, bai dace ba, amma ya yi aiki yadda yakamata a ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya fiye da rabin karni.
8. Yanzu yana da wuyar gaskatawa, amma a ƙwallon ƙwallonmu akwai lokacin da aka kori kocin ƙungiyar ƙasa saboda ya ɗauki matsayi na biyu a Gasar Turai. Bayan lashe irin wannan gasa ta farko a shekarar 1960, ana saran kungiyar kasa ta USSR zata maimaita nasarorin nata shekaru 4 daga baya. Teamungiyar ƙasa ta yi rawar gani cikin nasara, amma a wasan ƙarshe sun sha kashi hannun theasar Spain da ci 1: 2. A saboda wannan korar ta "gazawa" an kori kocin Konstantin Beskov. Akwai, duk da haka, jita-jitar cewa an kori Konstantin Ivanovich ba don matsayi na biyu ba, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa a wasan ƙarshe ƙungiyar Soviet Union ta ƙasa ta sha kashi a hannun ƙungiyar “Francoist” Spain.
9. Gasar cin Kofin Zakarun Turai ta wannan zamani sam ba ita ce asalin Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta Kungiyoyin Kwallon kafa (UEFA) ba. A baya a cikin 1927, a cikin Venice, masu gudanar da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasashe daban-daban sun amince da gudanar da gasa tare da sunan mara ƙyama na Kofin Mitropa (wanda aka taƙaita daga Mittel Europa - "Central Europe"). Kungiyoyin da suka fi karfi na kasashen da ke halartar gasar ne suka buga kofin, wadanda ba lallai ne su zama zakara ba. Da zuwan gasa na UEFA, sha'awar gasar Kofin Mitropa ya ragu koyaushe, kuma a cikin 1992 an zana shi na ƙarshe. Koyaya, daga cikin waɗanda suka mallaki wannan rukuni har suka manta da ƙoƙon akwai ƙungiyoyi irin su Italiyanci "Udinese", "Bari" da "Pisa".
10. Oneaya daga cikin manyan masu horarwa a duniya, Bafaranshen nan Helenio Herrera yana da, don sanya shi a hankali, halayyar musamman. misali, tsarin shirye-shiryen wasan sa na ado ya shafi 'yan wasa suna masu rantsuwa don cika dukkan umarnin sa. La'akari da cewa Herrera ya horar da kulaflikan daga Spain da Italiya mai ɗimbin ɗarikar Katolika, yaƙin rantsuwa yana da ban mamaki sosai. A gefe guda, dangane da sana'a, Herrera ya kasance ba shi da aibi. Kungiyoyin da yake jagoranta sun lashe kofuna bakwai na kasa, kofuna uku na kasa, da kuma cikakken kofunan kasashen duniya, gami da Intercontinental. Kuma Herrera ya zama koci na farko da ya tara ɗan wasa a tushe a jajibirin muhimman wasanni.
11. 'Yan wasan kwallon kafa da' yan jarida sun yi wa kocin Austriya Max Merkel lakabi da "mai horarwa". Wannan kalma ɗaya tak ta dace da hanyoyin aikin gwani. Koyaya, yana da wahala a tsammaci sassauci daga wurin kocin da ya girma a Nazi Jamus kuma ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Luftwaffe. Wani lokaci Merkel na samun nasara. Tare da "Munich" da "Nuremberg" ya lashe gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus, tare da "Atletico Madrid" ya zama zakaran Spain. Koyaya, saboda hanyoyin horo na draconian da yaren koyaushe suna kan tunani, bai tsaya ko'ina ba tsawon lokaci. Ba abin mamaki ba wanene yake son yin haɗin gwiwa tare da SS a matsayin wanda ya ce Spain za ta zama ƙasa mai ban mamaki idan ba don yawancin Mutanen Espanya ba. Kuma game da ɗayan biranen Jamus, Merkel ta ce mafi kyau. abin da ke ciki babbar hanya ce ta zuwa Munich.
12. Joe Fagan ya zama koci na farko a Ingila da ya ci kofuna uku a kaka daya. A shekarar 1984, Liverpool karkashin jagorancin shi ta dauki Kofin League, ta zama ta lashe gasar ta kasa kuma ta dauki Kofin Zakarun Turai. A ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1985, kafin a fara wasan karshe na Kofin Zakarun Turai da “Juventus” na Italiya, wanda aka gudanar a Brussels babban birnin Belgium, Fagan ya gode wa ‘yan wasan saboda aikin da suka yi kuma ya sanar da yin ritaya. Koyaya, 'yan wasan na "Liverpool" sun kasa gabatar masa da kyautar ban kwana a cikin hanyar cin Kofin Zakarun Turai karo na biyu a cikin yanayi biyu. Kuma da wuya mai horarwar ya yi farin ciki da nasarar. Sa'a kafin fara wasan, magoya bayan Ingila sun yi kisan gilla a filin wasa na Heysel, inda mutane 39 suka mutu kuma daruruwa suka ji rauni. Juventus ta lashe wasan karshe da ba shi da ma'ana a tarihin kulob din Turai da ci 1-0. Kuma wasan ban kwana na Fagan ya zama wasan ban kwana ga dukkan kulaflikan Ingila - bayan bala'in da ya faru a Brussels, an dakatar da su tsawon shekaru biyar, wanda hakan ya yi matukar tasiri ga kwallon kafa ta Ingila.
13. A watan Nuwamba na 1945, yawon shakatawa na tarihi na Moscow "Dynamo" a cikin Burtaniya ya faru. Duk da nuna alheri ga mutanen Soviet, a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa, har ila yau Birtaniyya suna ɗaukar kansu na samaniya kuma ba sa tsammanin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi daga Russia waɗanda ba za su fahimta ba. Nationalungiyar ƙasa ta USSR ba ta halarci gasar zakarun duniya ba, har yanzu ba a wanzu a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai ba, kuma kungiyoyin Soviet sun buga wasannin sada zumunci ne kawai da abokan aiki daga ƙasashe masu kusancin akida. Saboda haka, rangadin Dynamo ya zama wani nau'in taga zuwa Turai. Gabaɗaya, ya yi nasara. "Dynamo", wanda playersan wasan sojan suka ƙarfafa Vsevolod Bobrov da Konstantin Beskov, sun ci wasanni biyu sannan suka yi canjaras biyu. Mafi burgewa shine nasarar akan London "Arsenal" da ci 4: 3. Wasan ya gudana cikin tsananin hazo. Hakanan Ingilishi sun ƙarfafa tawagarsu tare da 'yan wasa daga wasu ƙungiyoyin. Bobrov ya bude maki, amma daga baya Turawan Burtaniya sun kame shirin kuma suka jagoranci hutun 3: 2. A rabi na biyu, “Dynamo” ta rama maki, sannan ta jagoranci wasan. Beskov ya yi amfani da wata dabara ta asali - yayin da yake rike da kwallon, ya yi gefe zuwa gefe, ya bar kwallon ba motsi. Mai tsaron bayan ya yi gaba bayan Soviet, yana mai sakin yanayin yajin. Bobrov ya aiwatar da ra'ayin kuma ya kawo Dynamo gaba. Karshen wasan ya zo kimanin minti biyar kafin bugun karshe. Vadim Sinyavsky, wanda ke yin tsokaci game da wasan don masu sauraron rediyon Soviet, ya tuna cewa hazo ya yi kauri sosai, har ma lokacin da ya fita da makirufo zuwa gefen filin, yana iya ganin 'yan wasan da ke kusa da shi kawai. Lokacin da aka sami wani rikici a kusa da burin Dynamo, koda daga martanin masu tsayawa ba a bayyana abin da ya faru ba - ko dai burin, ko Aleksey Khomich, wanda yake haskakawa a lokacin, ya kawar da duka. Sinyavsky dole ne ya ɓoye makirufo ɗin kuma ya gano daga Mikhail Semichastny, wanda yake kan gani, abin da ya faru. Ya yi ihu: "Homa ya dauka!" Kuma Sinyavsky ya watsa wata doguwar magana game da yadda Alexey Khomich ya fitar da kwallon daga saman kusurwar dama a wani jifa mai ban mamaki. Bayan wasan, ya zama cewa Sinyavsky ya faɗi komai daidai - Khomich da gaske ya buga ƙwallon da ke tashi zuwa hannun dama “tara”, kuma ya sami tarba daga magoya bayan Ingilishi.
14. Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, saboda watsawar da Ivan Sergeevich Gruzdev ya kusan faɗi a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar masu harbe-harbe a cikin mashahurin jerin talabijin “Filin Taron Ba Zai Iya Canjawa ba,” wanda aka yi a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1945. A cikin fim ɗin, kamar yadda kuka sani, ɗayan shaidun ya tuna cewa ya ga Gruzdev, wanda Sergei Yursky ke taka rawa, a daidai lokacin da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Matvey Blanter ke gudana a rediyo - an fara watsa wasannin kuma ya ƙare tare da shi. Masanin kimiyyar shari'a Grisha "shida da tara" nan da nan ya nuna cewa "Dynamo" da CDKA sun taka leda, kuma "namu" ("Dynamo" shi ne kulob din na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida) ya ci 3: 1. Halayen launuka masu kyau na Lev Perfilov har ma sun ambaci cewa da ya kamata a samu manufa ta huɗu, amma “… azaba mai kyau…”, a bayyane yake, ba a sanya shi ba. Marubutan fim ɗin, 'yan'uwan Weiner, da alama sun dogara da ƙwaƙwalwar su a cikin bayanin abin da ya faru, amma sun yi gafartawa kamar haka (fiye da shekaru 30 sun wuce lokacin da aka ɗauki fim ɗin) ba daidai ba. Wurin taron yana farawa a watan Agusta 1945 - wasan ya gudana aƙalla mako guda kafin kisan Larisa Gruzdeva. Kuma wasan ya ƙare da ci 4: 1 cikin fifikon "Dynamo". Hakanan akwai bugun fanareti a ragar Dynamo, kuma an buge shi sau biyu - mai tsaron ragar Dynamo Alexei Khomich ya fara buga kwallon, amma ya tashi daga layin burin kafin ya buga, sannan Vladimir Demin ya fahimci mita 11.
15. 'Yan kallo 199,000 sun zo filin wasa na Maracanã a Rio de Janeiro a ranar 16 ga Yulin 1950. Wasan wasan zagaye na karshe na zagayen karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya tsakanin kungiyoyin Brazil da Uruguay ya kasance tamkar wasa ne tsakanin ango da amarya wacce ke dauke da juna biyu na watanni bakwai - kowa ya san sakamakon a gaba, amma abin da ya dace ya wajabta gudanar da bikin. 'Yan Brazil a Gasar Kofin Duniya suna wasa tare da duk abokan hamayyarsu. Aungiyar ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta Switzerland ce kawai ta kasance mai sa'a - wasanta da Brazil ya ƙare da ci 2: 2. 'Yan Brazil sun gama sauran wasannin tare da cin nasarar akalla kwallaye biyu. Wasan karshe da Uruguay yayi kama da tsari, kuma koda yake bisa ga ka'idojin Brazil, ya isa ayi kunnen doki. A rabin farko, kungiyoyin sun kasa bude asusu. Mintuna biyu da dawo da wasan, Friasa ya kawo 'yan Brazil gaba, kuma an fara bukin Carnival a filin wasa da kuma duk ƙasar. Mutanen Uruguay, don girmamawarsu, ba su daina ba. A tsakiyar rabin lokaci na biyu, Juan Alberto Schiaffino ya rama nasarar, abin da ya bata wa 'yan wasan kasar ta Brazil rai gaba daya. Kuma a cikin minti na 79, wani mutum, game da lafazin sunan wanda har yanzu ana rikici, ya aika Brazil zuwa makoki.Alcides Edgardo Gidzha (wanda aka fi sani da sunan mahaifinsa "Chiggia") ya tafi ƙofar a gefen dama kuma ya aika ƙwallon cikin raga daga mummunan kusurwa. Uruguay ta ci 2: 1, kuma a yanzu ana bikin 16 ga Yuli a cikin kasar a matsayin ranar hutu. Bakin cikin 'yan Brazil ba shi da iyaka. Magoya baya na zamani sun saba da jin daɗi da dawowar ban mamaki, amma ya kamata a sani cewa a tsakiyar karni na ashirin akwai oda na ƙarancin wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma ana iya ƙidaya muhimman wasanni a yatsun hannu ɗaya kowace shekara. Sannan kuma wasan karshe na gida na cin Kofin Duniya ...
