Osip Mandelstam mawaki ne mai hazaka tare da makoma mai wahala. Ayyukansa masu ban al'ajabi har zuwa yau suna taɓa mafi tsananin igiyoyi na rayukan mutane. Mutane da yawa sun san wanene Osip Mandelstam daga aikinsa, amma bayanan tarihinsa ba ƙarancin sha'awa bane.
A yau Osip Mandelstam na ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙan ƙarni na 20, amma ba koyaushe haka yake ba. A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya kasance a cikin inuwa tsakanin sauran mawaƙan Zamanin Azurfa.
Masana ilimin ba da fata na yamma sun fara nazarin tarihin rayuwar Osip Mandelstam ne kawai lokacin da aka buga ayyukan da ya tattara a cikin Amurka ta Amurka. Kirill Taranovsky, wanda ake wa kallon masanin ilimin ɗan asalin Rasha kuma malami a Harvard, ya sami damar ƙirƙirar kalmar "subtext" a lokacin. Ya ce mabuɗin wuraren da ba za a iya fahimtarsu ba a cikin waƙoƙin Osip Mandelstam yana cikin rubutun sauran mawaƙan Faransa da na da. A cewar wasu mutanen zamanin, ta hanyar ishara ne ga waɗannan rubutun ne kawai ake samun sabbin ma'ana a cikin wakokin Mandelstam.
1. Osip Mandelstam an haife shi a Warsaw a cikin 1891.
2. Mahaifin mawaƙin Bayahude ne - attajiri ɗan kasuwar Warsaw wanda yake fatauci. Osip Mandelstam shine ɗan fari a cikin wannan gidan kuma dole ne ya bi sawun mahaifinsa, yana taimaka masa cikin kasuwancin iyali. Osip ya ƙi addinin yahudawa kuma baya son ya ba da ikon kasuwancin sa.
3. An kuma gyara sunan da aka ba wa mawaki lokacin haihuwa. Mawaƙin sunansa Yusuf, amma an fara kiransa da Osip.
4. A karo na farko, Osip Mandelstam ya shiga cikin waƙar waƙoƙin godiya ga kakarsa - Sophia Verblovskaya.
5. Osip Mandelstam mawaƙi ne wanda ya bar fiye da waƙoƙi 100, amma bai rubuta layi ɗaya ba don ƙaunataccen sa - Anna Zelmanova-Chudovskaya. Ta kasance mai fasaha mai fasaha kuma kyakkyawa mace. Auna ta farko ga mawaƙin ta zo ne lokacin da ya zana wa maƙerin da ya zana hotonsa.
6. Kamar abokai da yawa na Osip Mandelstam, a farkon Yaƙin Duniya na ,aya, ya so zuwa gaba domin kare Mahaifin. Ba a yarda da shi a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa a wancan lokacin ba saboda cututtukan zuciya na zuciya. Sannan mawaƙin yayi ƙoƙari ya sami aiki a gaba a matsayin mai ba da umarnin soja. Har ma ya je Warsaw, amma sabis ɗin da ke gaba bai yi nasara ba.
7. Osip Mandelstam yana da mummunan haƙori mai daɗi. Ko da yana rayuwa ba tare da takalmi ba kuma a cikin sanyi, koyaushe yana yawan jin daɗin abincin sa.
8. Tarin farko da ya rubuta, wanda ake kira "Dutse", ya kunshi baitoci 23. Mandelstam ya buga shi tare da kuɗin Paparoma a cikin 1913 sannan ya buga kusan kofi 600.
9. Osip Mandelstam ya wallafa wakoki 5 na farko a cikin 1910 a cikin wani zane mai zane na Rasha da taken "Apollo". Waɗannan ayoyin sun zama antisymbolic ta hanyoyi da yawa. Akwai “zurfin zaman lafiya” a cikinsu kuma ya bambanta da cututtukan annabci.
10. Mandelstam yayi karatu a jami'oi 2, amma bai sami difloma ko guda ba.
11. Mutane da yawa sun san game da al'amuran soyayya na Osip Mandelstam tare da Marina Tsvetaeva. Amma mutane kalilan sun san cewa, bayan rabuwa da marubucin, Mandelstam ya damu ƙwarai har ya so zuwa gidan sufi.
12. Mawaki, wanda ba zai iya karɓar ikon Soviet ba kuma baya jin tsoron bayyanawa a fili game da shi, an tura shi gudun hijira. Don haka Mandelstam ya ƙare a Voronezh, inda yake rayuwa mara kyau sosai kuma kuɗin da aka karɓa daga canja wurin ya katse shi. Sannan marubucin yana tsammanin hukuncin nasa kowace rana.
13. A lokacin gudun hijira, Osip Mandelstam yayi kokarin kashe kansa ta hanyar jefa kansa ta taga. Mawakin ya iya rayuwa, kuma matarsa ta nemi goyon bayan Bukharin da Stalin da kansa, daga baya ta sami damar samun damar cin gashin kanta na matsayin gudun hijira ga mijinta.
14. Lokacin da Mandelstam ya sadu da Nikolai Gumilev da Anna Akhmatova, ya fara halartar taron sau da yawa na "Taron Mawaƙa".
15. Khazina Nadezhda Yakovlevna ta zama matar Mandelstam. Ita ce wacce, bayan mutuwar mijinta, ta fito da littattafai 3 tare da abubuwan tunawa da ƙaunataccen saurayinta.
16. A lokacin da baiwar waƙar Osip Mandelstam ta kai matsayin fure, ba a sake buga shi ba saboda sabani da gwamnati.
17. Osip Mandelstam ya kasance yana son zama a Faransa. A can ne ya haɗu da Gumilev, wanda shine dalilin da yake sha'awar waƙoƙin Faransa. Bayan haka, Mandelstam ya kira wannan ƙawancen da Gumilev babban nasara a cikin nasa rayuwa.
18. Osip Mandelstam ya san Faransanci da Italiyanci. A lokaci guda, bai taɓa zuwa Italiya ba, kuma ya koyi yaren Italiyanci da kansa. Don haka ya so ya iya karanta adabin wannan kasar a asali.
19. Rayuwar mawaki ta kare da bala'i. Ya mutu a Vladivostok daga cutar typhus. Sannan ya rayu a cikin yanayin sansanin Stalinist wanda bai dace da rayuwa ba.
20. Osip Mandelstam an binne shi a cikin babban kabari.
