Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky - Mai sukar adabin Rasha da kuma mai talla. Belinsky yayi aiki galibi a matsayin mai sukar adabi, saboda wannan yanki ba a tantance shi sosai ba.
Ya yarda da Slavophils cewa al'umma tana da fifiko fiye da daidaikun mutane, amma a lokaci guda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kamata jama'a su kasance masu aminci ga bayyana ra'ayi da haƙƙin kowane mutum.
Akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa daban-daban a cikin tarihin rayuwar Vissarion Belinsky, amma kuma akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa a rayuwarsa da ta rubutu.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Belinsky.
Tarihin rayuwar Vissarion Belinsky
Vissarion Belinsky an haife shi ne a Sveaborg (Finland) a ranar 30 ga Mayu (11 ga Yuni) 1811. Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin dangin likita.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa shugaban dangin ya kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma bai yi imani da Allah ba, wanda hakan baƙon abu ne a wannan lokacin. A saboda wannan dalili, mutane sun guji hulɗa da Belinsky Sr. kuma sun kula da shi idan akwai gaggawa.
Yara da samari
Lokacin da Vissarion bai kai shekara 5 da haihuwa ba, dangin Belinsky suka koma lardin Penza. Yaron ya yi karatun firamare ne daga wajen wani malamin yankin. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce mahaifin ya koya wa ɗansa harshen Latin.
Yana da shekara 14, Belinsky ya fara karatu a dakin motsa jiki. A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, ya kasance mai matukar sha'awar yaren Rasha da adabinsa. Tunda karatun sa a dakin motsa jiki ya bar abin da ake so, da shigewar lokaci ya fara tsallake aji a koyaushe.
A 1825 Vissarion Belinsky yayi nasarar cin jarabawa a Jami'ar Moscow. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, yakan yi rayuwa daga hannu zuwa baki, tun da dangin ba za su iya biyan cikakken kuɗin kula da shi da horo ba.
Koyaya, ɗalibin ya ci gaba da karatunsa duk da yawancin gwaji. Bayan lokaci, Vissarion aka ba shi malanta, godiya ga abin da ya fara karatu da kuɗin jama'a.
Daga baya, wani ƙaramin da'ira ya taru a kusa da Belinsky, wanda ya bambanta da ƙwarewar sa. Ya haɗa da irin waɗannan mutane kamar Alexander Herzen, Nikolai Stankevich, Nikolai Ogarev da sauran masu sha'awar adabi.
Matasa sun tattauna kan ayyuka daban-daban, kuma sun tattauna game da siyasa. Kowannensu ya bayyana nasa ra'ayin game da ci gaban Rasha.
Yayin da yake cikin shekara ta biyu, Vissarion Belinsky ya rubuta aikinsa na farko "Dmitry Kalinin". A ciki, marubucin ya soki aikin bautar gumaka, tsayayyun al'adu da haƙƙin masu mallakar ƙasa.
Lokacin da littafin ya fada hannun masu takurawa a Jami'ar Moscow, an hana buga shi. Bugu da ƙari, an yi wa Belinsky barazanar ƙaura saboda ra'ayinsa. Rashin nasara ta farko ya biyo bayan rashin lafiya da kuma korar ɗalibai daga jami'a.
Don samun biyan bukatun rayuwa, Vissarion ya fara shiga fassarar adabi. A lokaci guda, ya sami kuɗi ta hanyar ba da darussa masu zaman kansu.
Sukar adabi
Bayan lokaci, Belinsky ya sadu da Boris Nadezhdin, mai gidan Teleskop ɗin. Wani sabon saninsa ya dauke shi aiki a matsayin mai fassara.
A cikin 1834 Vissarion Belinsky ya wallafa bayanin sa na farko mai mahimmanci, wanda ya zama farkon farawa a cikin aikin sa. A wannan lokaci na tarihin rayuwa, sau da yawa ya halarci ƙungiyoyin adabi na Konstantin Aksakov da Semyon Selivansky.
Mai sukar yana ci gaba da fuskantar matsalolin kuɗi, galibi yana ƙaura daga wani wuri zuwa wani. Daga baya ya fara aiki a matsayin sakatare na marubuci Sergei Poltoratsky.
Lokacin da a cikin 1836 "Telescope" ya daina wanzuwa, Belinsky ya kara zama cikin talauci. Godiya kawai ga taimakon tsoffin ƙawaye, zai iya rayuwa ta wata hanya.
Da zarar Aksakov ya gayyaci Vissarion don koyarwa a Cibiyar Nazarin Konstantinovsky. Don haka, Belinsky yana da tsayayyen aiki na ɗan lokaci da damar shiga rubutu.
Daga baya, mai sukar ya yanke shawarar barin Moscow zuwa St. Petersburg. Ya kasance yana da sha'awar sabon ƙarfi a cikin falsafa, musamman ma ra'ayin Hegel da Schelling ya ɗauke shi.
Tun daga 1840, Belinsky a cikin tsari mara kyau ya soki ci gaban ƙaddara, yana sanya ƙaddarar wani mutum sama da ƙaddarar duniya da abubuwan da yake so.
Marubucin ya kasance mai goyon bayan manufa. Ya kasance mai imani da rashin yarda da Allah kuma a cikin wasiƙun sa zuwa Gogol yayi Allah wadai da ayyukan coci da tushe.
Tarihin rayuwar Vissarion Belinsky gabaɗaya yana da alaƙa da sukar adabin ƙwararru. Tallafawa tunanin Yammacin Turai, ya yi adawa da ra'ayin populaism da Slavophil wanda ke yada al'adun gargajiya da na gargajiya.
Vissarion Grigorievich shine wanda ya kirkiri tsarin kimiya ta wannan hanyar, kasancewar shi mai goyon bayan "makarantar boko". Ya kira wanda ya kafa Nikolai Gogol.
Belinsky ya raba yanayin mutum zuwa na ruhaniya da na zahiri. Ya yi jayayya cewa zane yana wakiltar ikon yin tunani a zahiri, kuma wannan yana da sauƙi kamar tunani da hankali.
Godiya ga ra'ayoyin Belinsky, hangen nesa game da al'adun ruhaniya na Rasha ya bayyana. Creativeaƙƙarfan aikinsa ya ƙunshi manyan labarai masu mahimmanci da kwatancin yanayin adabin Rasha a tsakiyar karni na 19.
Rayuwar mutum
Kodayake Vissarion Belinsky yana da abokai da abokai da yawa, amma sau da yawa bai bar jin kaɗaici ba. Saboda wannan dalili, yana son kafa iyali, amma matsaloli na yau da kullun game da kuɗi da kiwon lafiya sun hana shi cimma wannan burin.
Bayan lokaci, Belinsky ya fara kula da Maria Orlova. Yarinyar tana sha'awar aikin marubuci kuma tana farin cikin yin rubutu tare da shi lokacin da yake a wasu biranen.
A shekarar 1843 samarin suka yanke shawarar yin aure. A lokacin suna da shekaru 32.
Ba da daɗewa ba ma'auratan suka haifi 'ya mace, Olga. Bayan haka, a cikin dangin Belinsky, an haifi ɗa, Vladimir, wanda ya mutu bayan watanni 4.
A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, Vissarion Belinsky ya ɗauki kowane aiki don wadatar da matarsa da ɗansa. Koyaya, dangi galibi suna fuskantar matsalolin kuɗi. Bugu da kari, sukan sukan rashin lafiya.
Mutuwa
A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, lafiyar Vissarion Belinsky ta ƙara tabarbarewa. Ya kasance koyaushe yana da rauni kuma yana wahala daga ci gaba da yawan ci.
Shekaru 3 kafin rasuwarsa, Belinsky ya tafi kudancin Rasha don magani. Bayan wannan, ya yi ƙoƙari ya murmure a ɗakin kwana a Faransa, amma wannan bai ba da wani sakamako ba. Marubucin kawai ya zurfafa cikin bashi.
Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Mayu (7 ga Yuni) 1848 a St. Petersburg, yana da shekara 36. Wannan shine yadda ɗaya daga cikin hazikan masu sukar adabi a tarihin Rasha ya mutu.
