Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (shi ne Shugaban Kwaminis na Kwaminis na Mutane na USSR (1930-1941), Ministan Harkokin Wajen Tarayyar Soviet (1939-1949) da (1953-1956). Daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin CPSU daga 1921 zuwa 1957.
Molotov na da banbanci saboda shine ɗayan fewan tsirarun shekarun siyasa na USSR waɗanda suka rayu kusan dukkanin sakatarorin. Rayuwarsa ta fara ƙarƙashin Russia tsarist kuma ya ƙare a ƙarƙashin Gorbachev.
Tarihin rayuwar Vyacheslav Molotov ya haɗu da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa daga ƙungiyarsa da rayuwar kansa.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Vyacheslav Molotov.
Tarihin rayuwar Vyacheslav Molotov
An haifi Vyacheslav Molotov a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu (9 ga Maris), 1890 a garin Kukarka (lardin Vyatka). Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin iyali mai arziki.
Mahaifin Vyacheslav, Mikhail Prokhorovich, mai kyauta ne. Uwa, Anna Yakovlevna, ta fito ne daga dangin fatake.
Gabaɗaya, iyayen Molotov suna da yara bakwai.
Yara da samari
Tun yana ƙarami, Vyacheslav Molotov ya nuna ƙwarewar kirkira. A lokacin karatunsa, ya koyi kaɗa garaya, sannan kuma ya tsara waƙoƙi.
Tun yana dan shekara 12, matashin ya shiga Kazan Real School, inda ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru 6.
A waccan lokacin, samari da yawa suna da sha'awar dabarun neman sauyi. Molotov bai tsira daga irin wannan tunanin ba.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Vyacheslav ya zama memba na da'irar da ake nazarin ayyukan Karl Marx. Ya kasance a wancan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa cewa saurayi ya kamu da Markisanci, yana ƙin tsarin tsarist.
Ba da daɗewa ba, ɗan attajirin ɗan kasuwa Viktor Tikhomirov ya zama babban aminin Molotov, wanda ya yanke shawarar shiga Bolsheviks a cikin 1905. Shekarar da ke tafe, Vyacheslav kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar Bolshevik.
A lokacin rani na 1906, mutumin yana memba na theungiyar Social Democratic Labour (RSDLP) ta Rasha. Bayan lokaci, an kama Vyacheslav saboda ayyukan juyin juya halin ƙasa.
Kotun ta yanke wa Molotov hukuncin zaman gidan kaso na shekaru uku, wanda ya kasance yana bauta a Vologda. Da zarar ya sami 'yanci, sai ya shiga Faculty of Economics a makarantar St.
Kowace shekara Vyacheslav ba shi da ƙarancin sha'awar karatu, sakamakon haka ya kammala karatunsa har zuwa shekara ta 4, kuma bai sami difloma ba. A wancan lokacin, tarihin rayuwarsa, duk tunaninsa juyin juya hali ne ya mamaye shi.
Juyin juya hali
Yana dan shekara 22, Vyacheslav Molotov ya fara aiki a bugu na farko na Bolshevik na Pravda a matsayin dan jarida. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sadu da Joseph Dzhugashvili, wanda daga baya za a san shi da Joseph Stalin.
A jajibirin yakin duniya na farko (1914-1918), Molotov ya tashi zuwa Moscow.
A can, mai neman sauyi ya ci gaba da ayyukan farfaganda, yana ƙoƙarin neman mutane da yawa masu tunani iri ɗaya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka kama shi kuma aka aika shi zuwa Siberia, daga inda ya sami damar tserewa a cikin 1916.
A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓi Vyacheslav Molotov a matsayin mataimakin kwamitin zartarwa na Petrograd Soviet kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa na RSDLP (b).
Ba da daɗewa ba kafin Juyin Juya Hali na Oktoba na 1917, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Lenin, ɗan siyasar ya yi kakkausar suka ga ayyukan Gwamnatin rikon kwarya.
Babban Yaƙin rioasa
Lokacin da Bolsheviks suka hau mulki, an ba Molotov babban matsayi. A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1930-1941. shi ne shugaban gwamnati, kuma a cikin 1939 shi ma ya zama kwamishinan mutane na harkokin waje na USSR.
'Yan shekaru kafin fara Babban Yaƙin rioasa (1941-1945), manyan shugabannin Soviet Union sun fahimci cewa lallai ne yakin zai fara.
Babban aikin a wancan lokacin ba don kauce wa farmaki daga Nazi Jamus ba, amma don samun lokaci sosai yadda za a shirya don yaƙi. Lokacin da Wehrmacht na Hitler ya mamaye Poland, ya kasance yana ƙayyade yadda Nazis za su ci gaba.
Mataki na farko zuwa tattaunawa tare da Jamus shine Yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop: yarjejeniyar rashin zalunci tsakanin Jamus da USSR, an kammala a watan Agusta 1939.
Godiya ga yarjejeniyar, Babban Yaƙin rioan ƙasa ya fara shekaru 2 kawai bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, kuma ba a baya ba. Wannan ya ba jagorancin USSR damar shirya shi kamar yadda ya yiwu.
A watan Nuwamba 1940, Vyacheslav Molotov ya tafi Berlin, inda ya sadu da Hitler don fahimtar nufin Jamus da mahalarta yarjejeniyar ta Uku.
Tattaunawar da Ministan Harkokin Wajen Rasha ya yi da Fuhrer da Ribbentrop bai kai ga yin sulhu ba. USSR ta ƙi shiga "Yarjejeniyar Sau Uku".
A watan Mayu na 1941, Molotov ya sauka daga mukaminsa na shugaban Kwaminis na Kwaminis, tunda yana da wahala a gare shi ya iya gudanar da ayyuka biyu a lokaci guda. A sakamakon haka, Stalin ke shugabanci sabon jikin, kuma Vyacheslav Mikhailovich ya zama mataimakinsa.
Da sanyin safiyar ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1941, Jamus ta far wa USSR. A wannan ranar, Vyacheslav Molotov, ta hanyar umarnin Stalin, ya bayyana a rediyo a gaban 'yan uwansa.
Ministan a takaice ya ba da rahoto game da halin da ake ciki ga mutanen Soviet kuma a ƙarshen jawabin nasa ya faɗi sanannen furucinsa: “Dalilinmu mai adalci ne. Za a ci nasara a kan makiya. Nasara zata zama tamu ".
Shekarun da suka gabata
Lokacin da Nikita Khrushchev ya hau mulki, ya nemi da a kori Molotov daga CPSU saboda "rashin bin doka da aka aikata a karkashin Stalin." A sakamakon haka, a cikin 1963 dan siyasa ya yi ritaya.
Murabus din ya zama ɗayan ɓangarori masu raɗaɗi a cikin tarihin rayuwar Vyacheslav Molotov. Ya sha rubuta wasiku ga manyan shuwagabannin, inda ya nemi a mayar da su kan mukamin nasa. Koyaya, duk buƙatunsa ba su ba da wani sakamako ba.
Molotov ya shafe shekarunsa na ƙarshe a dacha, wanda aka gina a ƙaramar ƙauyen Zhukovka. A cewar wasu kafofin, ya zauna tare da matarsa a kan fansho na 300 rubles.
Rayuwar mutum
Tare da matarsa na gaba, Polina Zhemchuzhina, Vyacheslav Molotov sun sadu a 1921. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ma'auratan ba su rabu ba.
Iyali kaɗai 'yar, Svetlana, an haife shi a cikin dangin Molotov.
Ma'auratan sun ƙaunaci juna kuma sun rayu cikin jituwa. Iyali ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da aka kama Polina a 1949.
Lokacin da a wurin taron jam'iyyar aka kori matar Commissar Jama'a daga 'yan takarar membobin kwamitin tsakiya, Molotov, ba kamar sauran wadanda suka jefa kuri'a ba, ita kadai ce ta kaurace wa zaben.
Jim kaɗan kafin a kama Lu'u-lu'u, ma'auratan sun yi ɓatanci sun rabu kuma sun rabu. Wannan babbar jarabawa ce ga Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, wanda ke matukar kaunar matarsa.
Nan da nan bayan mutuwar Stalin a cikin Maris 1953, a lokacin da ake jana'izarsa, aka saki Polina daga kurkuku ta hanyar dokar Beria ta kashin kansa. Bayan haka, an kai matar zuwa Moscow.
An kira ɗan siyasar mutum da “ƙarfe daga ƙarfe” saboda jajircewarsa da kuma yin taka tsantsan. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, Winston Churchill ya lura cewa Molotov ya mallaki kamun kai da ƙarancin motsin rai koda a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Mutuwa
A tsawon shekarun tarihin sa, Molotov ya sami bugun zuciya 7. Koyaya, wannan bai hana shi yin rayuwa mai tsawo ba.
Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1986 yana da shekara 96. Bayan mutuwarsa, an gano littafin ajiyar komissar na mutane, wanda a kan shi akwai ruble 500.