Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin-Tavriichesky - Dan kasar Rasha, wanda ya kirkiro jiragen ruwan soja na Black Sea kuma babban kwamanda na farko, Field Marshal General. Ya kula da mamayar Tavria da Crimea zuwa Rasha, inda ya mallaki manyan filaye.
An san shi kamar wanda aka fi so da Catherine II kuma wanda ya kafa biranen da dama, gami da cibiyoyin yanki na zamani: Yekaterinoslav (1776), Kherson (1778), Sevastopol (1783), Nikolaev (1789).
A cikin tarihin Grigory Potemkin, akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa da suka danganci aikin jama'a da rayuwarsa ta sirri.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Grigory Potemkin.
Tarihin rayuwar Potemkin
An haifi Grigory Potemkin a ranar 13 ga Satumba (24), 1739 a ƙauyen Smolensk na Chizhevo.
Ya girma kuma ya girma a cikin gidan Manjo Alexander Vasilyevich mai ritaya da matarsa Daria Vasilyevna. Lokacin da ƙaramin Grisha bai wuce shekaru 7 ba, mahaifinsa ya mutu, sakamakon haka mahaifiyarsa ta tsunduma cikin rainon yaron.
Tun yana ƙarami, mai kaifin hankali da ƙishin ilimi ya bambanta shi. Ganin wannan, mahaifiya ta sanya ɗanta zuwa gidan motsa jiki na jami'ar Moscow.
Bayan wannan, Grigory ya zama ɗalibi a Jami'ar Moscow, yana karɓar manyan maki a duk fannoni.
Saboda kyawawan nasarorin da ya samu a fannin kimiyya, an ba Gregory lambar yabo ta zinare kuma an gabatar da shi cikin ɗalibai mafiya kyau 12 ga Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Koyaya, shekaru 5 bayan haka, an kori mutumin daga jami'a - bisa hukuma don rashin halarta, amma a gaskiya don haɗin kai a cikin makirci.
Aikin soja
A cikin 1755, Grigory Potemkin ya shiga cikin Ma'aikatan Dawakai a ɓoye, tare da yiwuwar ci gaba da karatunsa a jami'a.
Bayan shekaru 2, Potemkin ya sami ci gaba zuwa kofur a cikin Masu Tsaron Doki. A wancan lokacin a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, ya kasance masani ne a kan Girkanci da kuma ilimin addini.
Bayan wannan, Gregory ya ci gaba da karɓar matsayin, bayan da ya hau kan mukamin sajan-babban - mai ba da umarni ga kwamandan sojoji.
Mutumin ya shiga cikin juyin mulkin fada, bayan da ya sami damar jan hankalin makomar Empress Catherine 2. Abin mamaki ne cewa ba da daɗewa ba sarauniyar ta ba da umarnin a tura Potemkin ga mai mukamin na biyu, yayin da sauran masu makircin suka karɓi matsayin masarautar.
Kari akan haka, Catherine ta kara albashin Grigory Alexandrovich, kuma ta bashi 400 serfs.
A cikin 1769 Potemkin ya shiga kamfen din yaki da Turkiyya. Ya nuna kansa jarumi jarumi a yakin Khotin da sauran biranen. Don hidimomin da ya yi wa Mahaifin, an ba shi Dokar St. George, digiri na 3.
Ya kamata a lura cewa Grigory Potemkin ne wanda masarautar ta ba shi izini ta haɗa Kirimiya da Rasha. Ya sami nasarar jimre wa wannan aikin, yana nuna kansa ba kawai a matsayin jarumi soja ba, har ma a matsayin ƙwararren jami'in diflomasiyya da mai tsara shiri.
Gyarawa
Daga cikin manyan nasarorin da Potemkin ya samu shine samuwar rundunar Jirgin Ruwa. Kuma kodayake aikinta ba koyaushe yake tafiya cikin tsari da inganci ba, yayin yaƙi tare da Turkawa, sojojin ruwa sun ba da taimako mai mahimmanci ga sojojin Rasha.
Grigory Alexandrovich ya mai da hankali sosai kan tsari da kayan aikin sojoji. Ya kawar da yanayin kwalliya, kayan kwalliya da hoda. Bugu da kari, basaraken ya ba da umarnin a yi wa sojoji sojoji takalma masu haske da sirara.
Potemkin ya canza tsarin rundunar sojan, ya rarraba su zuwa takamaiman sassa. Wannan ya haɓaka haɓakawa da haɓaka daidaitattun wuta ɗaya.
Sauƙaƙan sojoji sun girmama Grigory Potemkin saboda gaskiyar cewa shi mai goyon bayan alaƙar ɗan adam ne tsakanin sojoji na yau da kullun da hafsoshi.
Sojojin sun fara karɓar ingantaccen abinci da kayan aiki. Bugu da kari, tsaftar tsafta ga sojoji na yau da kullun sun inganta sosai.
Idan jami'ai suka yarda da kansu su yi amfani da na baya don amfanin kansu, to ana iya yanke musu hukunci na jama'a saboda wannan. A sakamakon haka, hakan ya haifar da karin ladabi da mutunta juna.
Biranen kafa
A tsawon shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa, Grigory Potemkin ya kafa birane da yawa a kudancin Rasha.
Yariman Serene ya kirkira Kherson, Nikolaev, Sevastopol da Yekaterinoslav. Ya yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka biranen, yana ƙoƙarin cike su da mutane.
A zahiri, Potemkin shine mai mulkin masarautar Moldavia. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa a kan yankunan da aka mamaye ya sanya shugabannin wakilai na gari na masu martaba. Da wannan, ya sami nasarar shawo kan jami'an Moldova, wadanda da kansu suka nemi Grigory Alexandrovich da ya sarrafa da kuma kare yankunansu.
Wanda aka fi so masarautar ta bi manufofi iri ɗaya a nan gaba.
Yayin da sauran shugabannin suka yi kokarin kawar da al'ada a kasashen da suka mamaye, Potemkin yayi akasin haka. Bai sanya takunkumi kan kowace al'ada ba, kuma ya kasance mai haƙuri da yahudawa.
Rayuwar mutum
Grigory Potemkin bai taba yin aure ba. Duk da haka, na dogon lokaci ya kasance wanda aka fi so da Catherine the Great.
Dangane da takardun da ke raye, a cikin 1774 yariman ya auri sarauniyar a asirce a cikin ɗaya daga cikin majami'u.
Da yawa daga cikin masu tarihin Potemkin suna da'awar cewa ma'auratan suna da 'ya mace, ana kiranta Elizaveta Temkina. A waccan lokacin, sauke sigar farko a cikin sunan mahaifi al'ada ce gama gari, don haka mahaifin Gregory ya fi wataƙila.
Koyaya, mahaifiyar Catherine 2 tana cikin shakka, tun a lokacin haihuwar yarinyar ta riga ta kasance shekaru 45.
Abin mamaki ne cewa Potemkin ana ɗaukarsa ɗan tsohuwar ƙaunataccen tsarina, wanda, bayan ya yanke alaƙar soyayya, ya ci gaba da ganinta sau da yawa.
A ƙarshen aikinsa, Grigory Alexandrovich ya tsara rayuwarsa ta sirri ta mummunar hanya. Ya gayyaci ean uwansa zuwa fadarsa, waɗanda daga baya suke da kyakkyawar dangantaka da su.
Bayan lokaci, Potemkin ya auri 'yan matan.
Mutuwa
Grigory Potemkin yana cikin ƙoshin lafiya kuma bashi da saukin kamuwa da kowace cuta.
Koyaya, tunda yariman yakan kasance a fagen fama, yana shan wahala lokaci-lokaci daga waɗancan cututtukan waɗanda suka yaɗu cikin rundunar. Ofaya daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan ya haifar da lalatattun filin har lahira.
A ƙarshen 1791, Grigory Alexandrovich ya kamu da zazzabi mai saurin wucewa. Mai haƙuri ya kasance cikin gaggawa a cikin keken hawa, wanda ya tashi daga garin Massda na Yassy zuwa Nikolaev.
Amma Potemkin bashi da lokaci ya isa inda ya nufa. Jin mutuwarsa ta kusantowa, sai ya nemi da a kai shi filin, tunda ba ya son mutuwa a cikin keken.
Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 16 (16), 1791 yana da shekara 52.
An shafe gawar marshal ɗin filin kuma, bisa ga umarnin Catherine II, an binne shi a cikin sansanin Kherson. Daga baya, ta dokar sarki Paul, an sake binne gawawwakin Potemkin, ana ba da su zuwa duniya bisa ga al'adar Orthodox.
