Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev - Masanin ilimin Soviet da na Rasha, masanin al'adu, mai sukar fasaha, Doctor of Philology, Farfesa. Shugaban kwamitin na Rashanci (Soviet har zuwa 1991) Gidauniyar Al'adu (1986-1993). Marubucin ayyukan asali akan tarihin adabin Rasha.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Dmitry Likhachev, wanda zamu fada a wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Dmitry Likhachev.
Tarihin rayuwar Dmitry Likhachev
An haifi Dmitry Likhachev a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba (28), 1906 a St. Petersburg. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai hankali tare da ƙaramin kuɗin shiga.
Mahaifin masanin, Sergei Mikhailovich, ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan lantarki, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Vera Semyonovna, matar gida ce.
Yara da samari
Yayinda yake matashi, Dmitry ya yanke shawarar da gaske cewa yana son haɗa rayuwarsa da yaren Rasha da adabi.
A saboda wannan dalili, Likhachev ya shiga Jami'ar Leningrad a sashin ilimin ilimin na Kwalejin Kimiyyar Zamani.
A lokacin karatunsa a jami'a, dalibin ya kasance daya daga cikin membobin wata kewaya ta karkashin kasa, inda suka yi zurfin nazarin ilmin Slavic na da. A cikin 1928, an kama shi bisa zargin ayyukan Soviet.
Kotun Soviet ta yanke hukuncin ƙaura Dmitry Likhachev zuwa sanannen Tsibirin Solovetsky, wanda ke cikin ruwan Tekun Fari. Daga baya aka aika shi zuwa wurin ginin Belomorkanal, kuma a cikin 1932 an sake shi kafin lokacin "don cin nasara a aiki."
Ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin da aka yi a sansanonin bai karya Likhachev ba. Bayan ya sha duka gwaji, ya koma garinsa Leningrad don kammala karatun boko.
Bugu da ƙari, Dmitry Likhachev bai sami tabbaci ba, bayan haka ya shiga cikin kimiyya. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa da ya yi a kurkuku sun taimaka masa a cikin ilimin ilimin ɗan adam.
Kimiyya da kere-kere
A farkon Yakin Patasa (1941-1945) Dmitry Likhachev ya ƙare a cikin Leningrad da aka kewaye shi. Kuma duk da cewa dole ne ya yi gwagwarmayar wanzuwarsa a kowace rana, bai daina nazarin tsoffin takardun Rasha ba.
A cikin 1942, an kwashe masanin ilimin ilimin zuwa Kazan, inda har yanzu yake ci gaba da ayyukan kimiyya.
Ba da daɗewa ba masana kimiyyar Rasha suka ja hankali kan aikin saurayin Likhachev. Sun fahimci cewa aikinsa ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman.
Daga baya, jama'ar duniya suka sami labarin binciken Dmitry Sergeevich. Sun fara kiran shi masani sosai a fannoni daban-daban na taimako da al'adun Rasha, daga adabin Slavic har zuwa abubuwan da ke faruwa a yau.
A bayyane yake, a gabansa, ba wanda ya taɓa yin nazari da kuma bayyana cikakken abin da ke cikin shekaru 1000 na ruhaniya, tare da al'adun Slavic da na Rasha, a kan wannan babban sikelin.
Masanin ya bincika alaƙar da ba za ta iya yankewa ba tare da ƙimar ilimin duniya da al'adun duniya. Bugu da kari, na dogon lokaci ya tara kuma ya rarraba rundunonin kimiyya a cikin mahimman wuraren bincike.
Dmitry Likhachev ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban ayyukan ilimi a cikin USSR. Fiye da shekaru goma, yana ƙoƙari ya isar da nasa ra'ayoyin da tunanin ga jama'a.
A lokacin mulkin Mikhail Gorbachev, wasu ƙarni na mutane sun girma a shirye-shiryensa wanda aka watsa a talabijin, wanda a yau ya kasance na wakilan ilimin ilimin al'umma.
Waɗannan shirye-shiryen TV sun kasance sadarwa kyauta tsakanin mai gabatarwa da masu sauraro.
Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, Likhachev bai daina tsunduma cikin ayyukan edita da wallafe-wallafe ba, yana gyara kayan masanan matasa da kansa.
Abin mamaki ne cewa masanin ilimin ɗan adam koyaushe yana ƙoƙarin amsa wasiƙu mara adadi waɗanda suka zo masa daga sassa daban-daban na ƙasarsa ta asali. Ya kamata a lura cewa yana da mummunan ra'ayi game da duk wata alama ta nuna kishin ƙasa. Ya mallaki wannan magana:
“Akwai bambanci sosai tsakanin kishin kasa da kishin kasa. A farkon - kaunar kasarku, a na biyun - kiyayya ga kowa. "
Likhachev ya banbanta da yawancin abokan aikinsa ta hanyar jagoranci kai tsaye da kuma son zuwa ga gaskiyar gaskiya. Misali, ya soki duk wata koyaswar makirci wajen fahimtar abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi kuma bai dauke shi daidai ba don amincewa da matsayin Almasihu na Rasha a cikin tarihin ɗan adam.
Dmitry Likhachev ya kasance mai aminci ga mahaifarsa ta Petersburg. An sha ba shi tayin komawa Moscow, amma koyaushe ya ƙi irin wannan tayin.
Wataƙila wannan ya faru ne saboda Gidan Pushkin, wanda ke Cibiyar Nazarin Adabin Rashanci, inda Likhachev ya yi aiki na sama da shekaru 60.
A tsawon shekarun tarihin sa, malamin ya wallafa ayyukan kimiya 500 da na aikin jarida 600. Da'irar bukatunsa na kimiyya ya fara ne daga nazarin zanen gumaka kuma ya ƙare tare da nazarin rayuwar gidan yarin fursunoni.
Rayuwar mutum
Dmitry Likhachev ya kasance mutumin kirki mai iyali wanda ya rayu tsawon rayuwarsa tare da mata ɗaya mai suna Zinaida Alexandrovna. Masanin ilimin ya sadu da matar sa ta gaba a cikin 1932, lokacin da yayi aiki a matsayin mai karanta karatu a Kwalejin Kimiyya.
A wannan auren, ma'auratan suna da tagwaye 2 - Lyudmila da Vera. A cewar Likhachev da kansa, fahimtar juna da soyayya koyaushe suna sarauta tsakaninsa da matarsa.
Masanin bai taba kasancewa memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ba, sannan kuma ya ki sanya hannu a kan wasiku kan manyan sanannun al'adu na USSR. A lokaci guda, shi ba mai nuna wariya bane, amma dai yayi kokarin neman sasantawa da gwamnatin Soviet.
Mutuwa
A lokacin faduwar shekarar 1999, aka kwantar da Dmitry Likhachev a asibitin Botkin, inda nan da nan aka yi masa wani aiki.
Duk da haka, kokarin likitocin ya ci tura. Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1999 yana da shekara 92. Dalilin mutuwar malamin ilimi shine tsufa da matsalolin hanji.
A lokacin rayuwarsa, an bai wa masanin kyautuka na duniya da yawa da kuma samun karbuwa a duniya. Bugu da kari, ya kasance ainihin mutanen da suka fi so, kuma daya daga cikin hazikan masu yada kyawawan halaye da na ruhaniya.
Hoto daga Dmitry Likhachev
