George Soros (yanzu. Mai goyon bayan ka'idar buɗe kan jama'a, kuma mai hamayya da "tsattsauran ra'ayin kasuwa".
Wanda ya kafa cibiyar sadarwar sadaukai wacce aka fi sani da Gidauniyar Soros. Memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kungiyar Rikicin Kasa da Kasa. Ya zuwa 2019, an kiyasta dukiyarsa zuwa dala biliyan 8.3.
Akwai tarihin gaskiya mai yawa na Soros, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, ga ɗan gajeren tarihin George Soros.
Tarihin rayuwar Soros
An haifi George Soros a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1930 a Budapest. Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin dangin yahudawa. Mahaifinsa, Tivadar Schwartz, lauya ne kuma masani a Esperanto, yare ne na wucin gadi na duniya wanda aka tsara don sadarwa. Uwa, Elizabeth, 'yar mai shagon alharini ce.
Yara da samari
Shugaban dangin ya kasance mai shiga yakin duniya na farko (1914-1918), bayan haka an kama shi kuma an kai shi zuwa Siberia. Bayan shekaru 3 a tsare, ya samu nasarar komawa gida.
Bayan fuskantar matsaloli da yawa a rayuwarsa, Soros Sr. ya koya wa ɗansa ya tsira a wannan duniyar. Hakanan, mahaifiyarsa ta cusa wa George son zane-zane. A wannan lokacin na tarihin rayuwarsa, yaron ya fi son zane da zane.
Soros ya nuna ƙwarewar harshe mai kyau, ƙwarewar Ingilishi, Jamusanci da Faransanci. Bugu da kari, ya kasance da sha'awar yin iyo, jirgin ruwa da kuma tanis. A cewar abokan karatunsa, George sananne ne saboda girman kai kuma yana son shiga faɗa.
Lokacin da mai ba da kuɗin nan gaba ya kusan shekara 9, yakin duniya na biyu (1939-1945) ya fara. Tun da shi da danginsa Yahudawa ne, suna tsoron faɗawa hannun Nazi, waɗanda ke da ƙyamar wannan mutanen. Saboda wannan dalili, dangin suna cikin tsoro koyaushe, suna ɓoye daga zalunci a wuri ɗaya ko wani.
A wannan lokacin, mahaifin Soros ya shiga cikin ƙirƙirar takardu. Godiya ga wannan, ya sami damar ceton dangi da sauran yahudawa daga wani mutuwar. Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, saurayin ya ci gaba da karatunsa a makaranta, amma tunowa da munanan halayen Nazism bai ba shi hutu ba.
A cikin 1947, George ya yanke shawarar barin yamma. Da farko ya tafi Switzerland, daga nan ne ya koma London. Anan ya dauki kowane irin aiki: yayi aiki a matsayin mai jira, ya debo apples kuma yayi aiki a matsayin mai zane.
Bayan wasu shekaru, Soros ya shiga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar Siyasa ta London, inda ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru 3. Kasancewarsa ƙwararren masani, da farko bai sami aikin da ya dace ba, sakamakon haka ya yi aiki na kimanin shekaru 3 a matsayin mai ceton rai a cikin tafkin, sannan kuma a matsayin ɗan ƙofa a tashar.
Daga baya, George ya sami damar yin aiki a cikin banki. A cikin 1956, mutumin ya yanke shawarar zuwa New York don neman ingantacciyar rayuwa.
Kasuwanci
Soros ya fara aikinsa a New York ta sayen sifofin tsaro a wata ƙasa kuma sake siyar da su a wata ƙasar. Koyaya, lokacin da aka gabatar da ƙarin haraji kan saka hannun jari daga ƙasashen waje a Amurka, sai ya bar kasuwancin, saboda rashin amfanin sa.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa na tarihinsa, George Soros ya shugabanci kamfanin dillalan bincike na Arnhold da S. Bleichroeder. A shekarar 1969 ya karbi kamfanin Double Eagle Foundation, wanda mallakar kamfanin ne.
Bayan shekaru 4, mutumin ya yanke shawarar barin aikinsa na manajan. Bayan haka, shi da Jim Rogers sun buɗe asusun sirri mai suna Quantum.
Quantum ya gudanar da ma'amala na ƙididdiga a cikin hannun jari da kuɗaɗe, har zuwa manyan wurare a wannan yankin. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, abokan haɗin gwiwar ba su taɓa fuskantar asara ba, kuma arzikin Soros ya kai dala miliyan 100 kafin 1980!
Koyaya, a cikin tsakiyar Litinin Litinin 1987, lokacin da akwai ɗaya daga cikin manyan haɗuwar kasuwar hannun jari a tarihin duniya, George ya yanke shawarar rufe matsayinsa kuma ya sami kuɗi. Bayan irin waɗannan ayyukan rashin nasara na mai kuɗi, asusun sa ya fara aiki cikin asara.
A shekara mai zuwa, Soros ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da mai saka jari mai daraja Stanley Druckenmiller. Godiya ga kokarin na ƙarshen, ya sami damar haɓaka babban birninsa.
Wata rana daban a tarihin George Soros shine 16 ga Satumba, 1992, lokacin da fam ɗin Burtaniya ya faɗi ƙasa da asalin alamar ta Jamus. A rana daya, ya kara kudin sa da dala biliyan 1! Abin lura ne cewa da yawa suna kiran Soros mai laifi a cikin rushewar.
A ƙarshen 90s, mai kuɗi ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da oligarch na Rasha Vladimir Potanin. Tare, maza sun sayi 25% na amincin Svyazinvest, wanda ya ci su dala biliyan 1.8! Koyaya, bayan rikicin 1998, hannun jarinsu ya ragu da kusan sau 2.
Bayan abin da ya faru, George Soros ya kira wannan sayayyar mafi munin saka jari a rayuwa. A cikin 2011, Soros ya ba da sanarwar a bayyane cewa asusun sa hannun jari zai daina aiki. Daga wannan lokacin zuwa, ya fara tsunduma cikin kara karfin jari na mutum.
Asusun
Gidauniyar George Soros, da ake kira Open Society, an kafa ta ne a 1979 tare da rassa masu aiki a yawancin kasashe daban-daban. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine asusun sa na Soviet-American "Initiative Cultural Initiative" yayi aiki a cikin USSR.
Wannan kungiya ta tsunduma cikin cigaban al'adu, kimiyya da ilimi, amma an rufe ta saboda tsananin rashawa. A ƙarshen karni na 20, Gidauniyar Soros ta kashe kusan dala miliyan 100 a cikin aikin Rasha "Cibiyoyin Intanet na Jami'ar", godiya ga abin da aka ƙaddamar da cibiyoyin Intanet a cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa.
Daga baya, kungiyar ta fara wallafa mujallar da aka tsara don ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Bugu da kari, an fara buga litattafan tarihi, wadanda nan da nan suka sha suka mai zafi saboda gurbata gaskiyar tarihi.
A ƙarshen 2003, George Soros ya daina ba da tallafi na kayan aiki don ayyukansa a Rasha, kuma bayan 'yan watanni, ƙungiyar Open Society ta daina ba da tallafi.
A cikin 2015, an ayyana Gidauniyar Soros a matsayin "kungiyar da ba a so" a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, sakamakon hakan an dakatar da aikinta. Koyaya, yawancin ayyukan sadakokin attajirin na ci gaba da aiki a ƙasar a yau.
Yanayin
A farkon 2018, an kiyasta dukiyar Soros a dala biliyan 8, yayin da ya ba da sama da dala biliyan 32 ga gidauniyar sa ta taimako.
Wasu masana sun bayyana George a matsayin annabi mai hazaka da annabi na kuɗi, yayin da wasu kuma ke danganta nasarar sa da mallakar wasu bayanan sirri.
Soros shine marubucin ka'idar nuna tasirin kasuwannin hannayen jari, ta hanyarda ake zarginsa da cewa ya sami nasarar cimma wannan matsayi a bangaren hadahadar kudade. A tsawon shekarun tarihin sa, ya rubuta ayyuka da yawa kan tattalin arziki, kasuwancin jari da siyasa.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar farko ta biloniyan ita ce Ennalisa Whitshack, wacce ta zauna tare da shi tsawon shekaru 23. Bayan haka, Soros ya auri mai sukar fasaha Susan Weber. Wannan aure ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru 22.
Bayan saki daga Weber, mutumin ya fara alaƙa da 'yar fim ɗin talabijin Adriana Ferreira, amma batun bai taba zuwa bikin aure ba. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce bayan rabuwar, Adriana ya shigar da kara a kansa, yana neman dala miliyan 50 a matsayin diyya saboda tursasawa da lalata dabi'a.
A cikin 2013, George ya sauka hanya a karo na 3 tare da Tamiko Bolton mai shekaru 42. Daga farkon auren 2, mai kuɗi yana da diya, Andrea, da 'ya'ya maza 4: Alexander, Jonathan, Gregory da Robert.
George Soros a yau
A shekarar 2018, gwamnatin Hungary ta amince da kudurin Dakatar da Soros, wanda a cewarsa duk wani asusu da ke taimakawa bakin haure ana biyan shi haraji da kashi 25%. A sakamakon haka, Jami'ar Turai ta Tsakiya da Soros ya kafa dole ta ƙaura da wani ɓangare na ayyukanta zuwa Austria.
Dangane da bayanai na shekarar 2019, attajirin ya bayar da kimanin dala biliyan 32 don sadaka.Mutumin yana da sha'awar siyasar duniya kuma yana ci gaba da shiga cikin sadaka, wanda ke haifar da ra'ayoyi mabanbanta tsakanin masana da yawa.
Hotunan Soros