An zaci cewa Sinawa ne suka gano Tabkin Balkhash tun kafin zamaninmu, wanda ke da kusanci da kabilun Asiya ta Tsakiya. Wannan mutanen sun bashi sabon suna "Si-Hai", wanda a fassara yake kamar "Tekun Yamma". A cikin tsohuwar tarihin ƙarni da yawa da ta wanzu, Turkawa sun sake maimaita wannan tafkin fiye da sau ɗaya: da farko zuwa "Ak-Dengiz", sannan a cikin "Kukcha-Dengiz". Kazakhistan sun iyakance kansu ga suna mai sauki - "Tengiz" (teku). Manyan balaguro na farko zuwa waɗannan wurare sun fara a tsakiyar karni na 18.
Ina Lake Balkhash yake
Abubuwan da ake gani suna gabashin Kazakhstan, kilomita 400 daga Karaganda. Tana mamaye yankuna 3 na ƙasar gaba ɗaya - Karagadinsky, Almaty da Zhambyl. Tafkin yana kewaye da manyan masassun sandy biyu. A gefen kudu kuma an kewaye shi da ƙananan tsaunukan Chu-Ili, kuma a yamma akwai wani ɗan tudu mai ban sha'awa tare da ƙananan tuddai. Akwai garuruwa da ƙauyuka da yawa a bakin tekun - Balkhash, Priozersk, Lepsy, Chubar-Tyubek. Coordinididdigar da ake so: latit - 46 ° 32'27 "s. sh., longitude - 74 ° 52'44 "a cikin. da dai sauransu
Hanya mafi dacewa don zuwa wurin shine daga Karaganda da Astana. Daga waɗannan garuruwan akwai motocin safa da jiragen ƙasa zuwa tashar. Balkhash. Lokacin tafiya yana kusan awa 9. Ba za ku iya isa bakin tekun da mota ba, an hana yin kiliya kusa da ruwa.
Bayanin jan hankali
An fassara kalmar "Balkhash" zuwa cikin Rashanci a matsayin "dunƙuƙu cikin fadama". Tekun na asali ne na asali, ya bayyana ne sakamakon rashin daidaiton raunin Turan da ambaliyar da aka samu na ɓacin rai, mai yiwuwa a lokacin na biyu na zamanin Cenozoic. Akwai kananan tsibirai da yawa da manya - Basaral da Tasaral. Dangane da Tafkin Balkhash zuwa ɓata ko ƙarshe, ya fi daidai a zaɓi zaɓi na biyu, saboda ba shi da magudanar ruwa.
Gwanin, a cewar masana kimiyya, yana da yanayin ƙasa mara kyau tare da manyan bambance-bambance. A bangaren yamma, tsakanin Cape Korzhyntubek da Tsibirin Tasaral, zurfin zurfin ya kai mita 11. A gabas, wannan adadi ya kai mita 27. A wani gefen bakin teku, akwai duwatsu masu tsayi 20-30 m, kuma a dayan, basu da daidaito, basu fi 2 m ba Saboda wannan, galibi ruwa yakan gudana daga cikin kwandon shara. Da yawa ƙanana da manya manyan bays an ƙirƙira su.
Balkhash ya kasance na biyu bayan Tekun Caspian a cikin jerin tafkunan gishiri a duniya. Har ila yau, ita ce mafi girma a Kazakhstan.
Anan ga wasu halaye kaɗan na tafki:
- duka adadin bai wuce kilomita 120² ba;
- yankin yakai kusan kilomita dubu 16²;
- tsawo daga matakin teku - kimanin 300 m;
- girman tafkin Balkhash: tsayinsa - kilomita 600, nisa a bangaren yamma - har zuwa kilomita 70, kuma a gabas - har zuwa kilomita 20;
- akwai tsibirai 43, wanda ya tsiro daga cikinsu tsawon shekaru saboda raguwar matakin ruwa a cikin kwandon;
- gabar bakin teku ba ta da daidaito, tsawonta ya kai akalla kilomita 2300;
- koguna suna gudana zuwa cikin tabkin - Lepsi, Aksu, Karatal, Ayaguz da Ili;
- gishirin ruwa a gabas bai wuce 5.2% ba, kuma a yamma sabo ne;
- ana samar da abinci ta ruwan karkashin kasa, kankara, dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama.
Dabbobin tafkin ba su da yawa sosai; nau'ikan kifayen 20 ne kawai ke rayuwa a nan. Don dalilan masana'antu, suna kama kifi, bream, perch da asp. Amma tsuntsayen sun fi sa'a - an zaɓi waɗannan wurare ta hanyar nau'in tsuntsaye kusan 120, wasu daga cikinsu an jera su a cikin Littafin Ja. Itace fure da ke jan hankalin masu ilimin tsirrai ma sun banbanta sosai.
Abin da ya sa wurin ya zama na musamman
Abin sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa tabkin ya ƙunshi kwaruruka biyu, ya banbanta sosai saboda halayen ruwan. Tunda sun rabu da wani tsauni mai faɗin kilomita 4, ba sa taɓa juna. Saboda wannan, matsaloli suna faruwa yayin ƙayyade nau'in tafkin ruwa, na gishiri ko na sabo, saboda haka ana kiran Lake Balkhash a matsayin rabin ruwa. Babu ƙarancin sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa ƙaddarar ma'adinai ya bambanta sosai a cikin sassan biyu.
Masana yanayin kasa da masana ilimin tsirrai suma sunyi mamakin yanayin wurin da tafkin yake, saboda yanayin nahiya, busasshiyar iska, karancin ruwan sama da kuma rashin magudanan ruwa basu taimaka ba.
Hanyoyin yanayi
Sauyin yanayi a wannan yankin ya saba da hamada; yana da zafi sosai a lokacin rani, a watan Yuli iska na iya dumama zuwa 30 ° C. Ruwan zafin yana ɗan ƙasa kaɗan, 20-25 ° C, kuma gabaɗaya ya dace da iyo. A lokacin hunturu, lokacin sanyi yazo, kaifin sanyi mai sauki zai yiwu zuwa -14 ° C. Ruwa yawanci yana daskarewa a watan Nuwamba, kuma kankara na narkewa kusa da Afrilu. Kaurinsa na iya zuwa mita. Saboda karancin ruwan sama, fari ya zama gama gari a nan. Iska mai karfi sau da yawa takan hura a nan, ta haifar da babban taguwar ruwa.
Labari mai ban sha'awa game da bayyanar tabkin
Asalin Tafkin Balkhash yana da nasa sirrin. Idan kun yi imani da wani tsohon labari, to a waɗannan wuraren akwai mai sihiri mai sihiri Balkhash, wanda yake da gaske ya auri kyakkyawar 'yarsa. Don yin wannan, ya tara mafi kyawun masu neman zuciyar yarinyar daga sassa daban-daban na duniya. Ya kamata ya tafi ga ƙaƙƙarfan mutum, kyakkyawa kuma mai arziki. Tabbas, 'ya'yan masarautar China,' yan kasuwar Mongol khan da Bukhara ba za su iya rasa wannan damar ba. Sun zo ziyarar ne tare da kyaututtuka masu yawa na fatan alheri. Amma wani saurayi, makiyayi mai sauƙi, bai yi jinkiri ya zo ba tare da an sami kuɗi ba, kuma, kamar yadda aka yi sa'a, shi ne yake son amaryar.
Karatal, sunan saurayin kenan, ya halarci yaƙin kuma da gaske ya ci yaƙin. Amma mahaifin yarinyar bai yi farin ciki da wannan ba, saboda tsananin fushin, ya kore shi. Zuciyar amarya ba zata iya jurewa ba, kuma da daddare Ko kuma ta bar gidan mahaifinta tare da zaɓaɓɓenta. Lokacin da mahaifinta ya sami labarin guduwa, sai ya la'anci duka kuma suka zama rafuka biyu. Ruwayensu suna tafe tare da gangaren tsaunuka, kuma don haka ba su hadu ba, sai boka ya fada tsakaninsu. Daga tsananin tashin hankali, ya yi furfura ya juya zuwa wannan tafkin.
Matsalolin muhalli na tafki
Akwai babbar matsala ta raguwar aiki a cikin ƙarar Tafkin Balkhash saboda ƙaruwar shan ruwa daga kogunan da suke guduwa a ciki, musamman daga Ili. Babban mai amfani da ita shine mutanen China. Masana ilimin muhalli sun ce idan wannan ya ci gaba, madatsar ruwa na iya maimaita makomar Tekun Aral, wanda ya ƙafe baki ɗaya. Itama karafa na garin Balkhash shima yana da haɗari, hayakin sa yana ƙazantar da tafkin kuma yana haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba.
A ina zaka tsaya
Tunda tafkin yana da daraja don damar shakatawa, akwai wurare da yawa a gaɓar sa inda zaku iya zama cikin kwanciyar hankali. Ga kadan daga cikinsu:
- wuraren shakatawa "Swallow's Nest" a cikin Torangalyk;
- garin magani a Balkhash;
- hadadden otal "Pegas";
- gidan kwana "Gulfstream";
- otal din "Lu'u-lu'u".
Muna ba ku shawara ku karanta game da Issyk-Kul Lake.
Kudin masauki a cikin ɗaki na yau da kullun ba tare da magani da abinci ba kusan 2500 rubles kowace rana don biyu. Hutu a cibiyoyin yawon shakatawa shine mafi arha. Ana zaɓar wuraren zama kusa da Lake Balkhash lokacin da akwai matsalolin lafiya.
Nishaɗi da hutu don baƙi
Fishi ya shahara sosai a nan, wanda aka yarda dashi a sansanoni na musamman. Daga cikin baƙi, akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda ke son farautar mai ɓarna, zomo ko agwagin daji. Lokaci yakan buɗe a watan Satumba kuma yana ɗaukar har zuwa hunturu. Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a kama boar daji tare da kare.
A lokacin dumi, mutane sukan zo nan galibi don hutun rairayin bakin teku da ruwa don daukar kyawawan hotuna. Daga cikin nishaɗin da ake dasu akwai tseren jirgin sama, catamarans da jiragen ruwa. Gudun kankara da kankara suna shahara a lokacin sanyi. A kan yankin otal-otal da wuraren wanka:
- kwallon tebur;
- wurin waha;
- wasan biliyard;
- hawan dawakai;
- sauna;
- sinima;
- bowling;
- dakin motsa jiki;
- wasa kwallon kwalliya;
- hawan keke.
Kusa da tafkin Balkhash akwai duk abubuwan da ake buƙata - asibiti, kantin magani, shaguna. Yankin "yaudara" ne suka zabi bakin gabar da ba kowa wanda yazo nan da tanti. Gabaɗaya, wannan kyakkyawan wuri ne don tsayawa!
