Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) - Shugaban Amurka na 40 kuma Gwamnan na California na 33. Har ila yau an san shi azaman mai wasan kwaikwayo da mai watsa shiri na rediyo.
Akwai tarihin gaskiya mai yawa na Reagan, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Ronald Reagan.
Tarihin Reagan
An haifi Ronald Reagan a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1911 a ƙauyen Tampico (Illinois) na Amurka. Ya girma kuma ya girma cikin dangin John John da Nell Wilson. Baya ga Ronald, an haifi wani yaro mai suna Neil a cikin gidan Reagan.
Lokacin da shugaban ƙasar na gaba ya kasance ɗan shekara 9, shi da danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa garin Dixon. Yana da kyau a lura cewa Reagans sukan canza wurin zama, sakamakon haka Ronald ya canza makarantu da yawa.
A lokacin karatun sa, yaron ya nuna sha'awar wasanni da wasan kwaikwayo, sannan kuma ya kware da kwarewar mai bayar da labarai. Ya taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta gida, inda ya nuna babban wasa.
A 1928, Ronald Reagan ya kammala karatun sakandare. A lokacin hutun, ya sami nasarar lashe karatun wasan motsa jiki kuma ya zama dalibi a Kwalejin Eureka, yana zaɓar Faculty of Economics and Sociology. Karɓar maki mai zurfi, ya shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a sosai.
Daga baya, aka danƙa Ronald ya shugabanci gwamnatin ɗalibai. A wannan lokacin a tarihin rayuwarsa, ya ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka. A nan gaba, zai faɗi haka: “Ban yi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba saboda rashin gani sosai. A kan wannan dalili, na fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Akwai kwallon da manyan mutane. "
Tarihin tarihin Reagan sun ce shi mutum ne mai addini. Akwai sanannen harka lokacin da ya kawo baƙin baƙi a cikin gidansa, wanda a wancan lokacin ya zama maganar banza ta gaske.
Hollywood aiki
Lokacin da Ronald ya cika shekara 21, ya sami aiki a matsayin mai sharhin rediyo na wasanni. Bayan shekaru 5, mutumin ya tashi zuwa Hollywood, inda ya fara hada kai da shahararren kamfanin fim din "Warner Brothers".
A shekarun baya, matashin dan wasan ya fito a fina-finai da dama, wadanda yawansu ya zarta 50. Ya kasance memba na kungiyar Actors Guild ta Amurka, inda ake tuna shi da ayyukansa. A cikin 1947 an ba shi amanar Shugaban Guild, wanda ya riƙe har zuwa 1952.
Bayan kammala kwasa-kwasan aikin soja a cikin rashi, Reagan ya kasance cikin ajiyar sojoji. An ba shi mukamin Laftana a rundunar sojan doki. Tun da ba ya iya gani sosai, hukumar ta kebe shi daga aikin soja. Sakamakon haka, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu (1939-1945) ya yi aiki a sashen shirya fina-finai, inda ake daukar fina-finan horar da sojoji.
Lokacin da aikinsa na fim ya fara raguwa, Ronald ya ba da matsayin mai ba da gidan talabijin a jerin talabijin General Electrics. A cikin 1950s, abubuwan da yake so na siyasa sun fara canzawa. Idan a baya ya kasance mai goyon bayan sassaucin ra'ayi, yanzu imaninsa ya zama mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Farkon harkar siyasa
Da farko, Ronald Reagan memba ne na Jam’iyyar Democrat, amma bayan ya sake yin la’akari da ra’ayinsa na siyasa, sai ya fara goyon bayan ra’ayin ‘yan Republican Dwight Eisenhower da Richard Nixon. A lokacin da yake aiki a kamfanin General Electric, ya yi magana da ma’aikata a lokuta da dama.
A cikin jawaban nasa, Reagan ya mai da hankali kan al'amuran siyasa, wanda ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin shugabannin. A sakamakon haka, wannan ya haifar da korarsa daga kamfanin a cikin 1962.
Bayan wasu shekaru, Ronald ya halarci kamfen din shugaban kasa na Barry Goldwater, yana gabatar da sanannen jawabinsa na "Lokacin Zaba". Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine cewa aikin sa ya taimakawa Barry ya tara kimanin dala miliyan 1! Bugu da kari, ‘yan kasarsa da wakilai daga Jam’iyyar Republican sun ja hankali ga matashin dan siyasar.
A 1966, Reagan ya sami mukamin gwamnan California. A lokacin yakin neman zabe, ya yi alkawarin mayar da duk marasa aikin yi wadanda jihar ke tallafa wa aiki. A zabukan, ya samu goyon baya sosai daga masu jefa kuri'a na cikin gida, ya zama gwamnan jihar a ranar 3 ga Janairun 1967.
A shekara mai zuwa, Ronald ya yanke shawarar tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa, yana matsayi na uku a bayan Rockefeller da Nixon, wanda na biyun ya zama shugaban Amurka. Yawancin Amurkawa suna alakanta sunan Reagan da mummunar murkushe masu zanga-zanga a Berkeley Park, wanda aka fi sani da Jinin Jinin, lokacin da aka tura dubban ‘yan sanda da Masu Kula da Kasa don tarwatsa masu zanga-zangar.
Oƙarin sake tunawa da Ronald Reagan a 1968 ya faskara, sakamakon haka aka sake zaɓe shi a wa’adi na biyu. A wannan lokacin tarihin rayuwar, ya yi kira da a rage tasirin tasirin gwamnati a kan tattalin arzikin, sannan kuma ya nemi rage haraji.
Fadar shugaban kasa da kisan kai
A cikin 1976, Reagan ya sha kaye a zaben jam’iyya ga Gerald Ford, amma bayan shekaru 4 ya sake gabatar da nasa takarar. Babban abokin hamayyarsa shi ne shugaban kasa mai ci Jimmy Carter. Bayan gwagwarmayar siyasa mai zafi, tsohon dan wasan ya sami nasarar cin takarar shugaban kasa kuma ya zama shugaban Amurka mafi tsufa.
A lokacin da yake kan mulki, Ronald ya aiwatar da sauye-sauye da dama na tattalin arziki, da kuma sauye-sauye a manufofin kasar. Ya yi nasarar daga darajar 'yan kasar sa, wadanda suka koyi dogaro da kawunansu ba ga jihar ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, mutumin ya ajiye bayanan da aka buga a cikin littafin "The Reagan Diaries". Wannan aikin ya sami shahararren mashahuri.
A watan Maris na 1981, an kashe Reagan a Washington yayin da yake barin otal. Wani sanannen John Hinckley ya gudu daga cikin taron, bayan ya sami nasarar zartar da harbi 6 ga shugaban. A sakamakon haka, mai laifin ya raunata mutane 3. Reagan kansa ya sami rauni a cikin huhu ta hanyar harbin bindiga a kusa da motar kusa.
An kai dan siyasar cikin gaggawa zuwa asibiti, inda likitoci suka samu nasarar gudanar da wani aiki cikin nasara. An gano maharin yana da tabin hankali kuma an tura shi zuwa asibiti don kula da shi na dole.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a baya Hinckley ya shirya kashe Jimmy Carter, yana fatan ta wannan hanyar don jawo hankalin 'yar fim din Jodie Foster, wanda yake ƙauna.
Manufofin gida da na waje
Manufofin cikin gida na Reagan sun dogara ne akan yanke shirye-shiryen zamantakewar al'umma da kuma taimakawa kasuwanci. Mutumin ya kuma sami ragin haraji da kuma karin kudade ga rukunin sojoji. A cikin 1983, tattalin arzikin Amurka ya fara ƙarfafawa. A cikin shekaru 8 na mulkin, Reagan ya sami sakamako mai zuwa.
- hauhawar farashi a kasar ya fadi da kusan sau uku;
- adadin marasa aikin yi ya ragu;
- ƙara kasaftawa;
- babban matakin haraji ya fadi daga 70% zuwa 28%.
- Gara yawan GDP;
- an kawar da harajin ribar iska mai tsafta;
- cimma gagarumar nasara wajen yaki da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi.
Manufofin shugaban na kasashen waje sun haifar da mabanbantan ra'ayi a tsakanin al'umma. Bisa umurninsa, a watan Oktoba 1983, sojojin Amurka suka mamaye Grenada. Shekaru 4 kafin mamayewar, an yi juyin mulki a Grenada, yayin da magoya bayan Marxism-Leninism suka karbe iko.
Ronald Reagan ya bayyana ayyukansa ta hanyar barazanar da zai iya fuskanta ta fuskar ginin sojan Soviet-Cuba a yankin Caribbean. Bayan kwanaki da yawa na tashin hankali a Grenada, an kafa sabuwar gwamnati, bayan haka sojojin Amurka suka bar kasar.
A karkashin Reagan, Yakin Cacar Baki ya ci gaba kuma an aiwatar da yaƙin soja mai yawa. an kafa National Endowment for Democracy ne da nufin "karfafa gwiwar burin mutane na demokradiyya."
A lokacin wa'adi na biyu, alakar diflomasiyya tsakanin Libya da Amurka ta kasance mai tsami. Dalilin wannan shi ne abin da ya faru a Tekun Sidra a 1981, sannan kuma kai harin ta'addanci cikakke a cikin diski na Berlin, wanda ya kashe 2 tare da raunata sojojin Amurka 63.
Reagan ya ce gwamnatin Libya ce ta ba da umarnin kai harin bama-baman na disko. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1986, da yawa daga cikin wuraren da aka sa niyya a cikin Libiya sun sha ruwan bam ta sama.
Daga baya, an sami wata badakala "Iran-Contra" wanda ke da nasaba da ɓoye makamai zuwa Iran don tallafawa mayaƙan adawa da kwaminisanci a Nicaragua, wanda ya sami labarin. Shugaban yana da hannu a ciki, tare da wasu manyan jami'ai.
Lokacin da Mikhail Gorbachev ya zama sabon shugaban USSR, dangantaka tsakanin ƙasashen ta fara inganta a hankali. A cikin 1987, shugabannin manyan kasashen biyu sun sanya hannu kan wata muhimmiyar yarjejeniya don kawar da makaman nukiliya masu matsakaicin zango.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar farko ta Reagan itace 'yar fim Jane Wyman, wacce ta girme shi da shekaru 6. A wannan auren, ma'auratan suna da yara biyu - Maureen da Christina, waɗanda suka mutu tun suna ƙuruciya.
A cikin 1948, ma'auratan sun ɗauki ɗa, Michael, kuma sun rabu a wannan shekarar. Yana da ban mamaki cewa Jane ita ce mai ƙaddamar da kisan auren.
Bayan haka, Ronald ya auri Nancy Davis, wacce ita ma 'yar fim ce. Wannan haɗin gwiwar ya zama mai tsawo da farin ciki. Ba da daɗewa ba ma'auratan suka haifi 'ya mace, Patricia, da ɗa, Ron. Abin lura ne cewa dangantakar Nancy da yara ta kasance mai matukar wahala.
Ya kasance da wahala musamman ga mace ta yi magana da Patricia, wacce ra'ayin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na iyayenta, 'yan Republican, baƙon abu ne a gare ta. Daga baya, yarinyar za ta buga litattafai da yawa na adawa da Reagan, kuma za ta kuma kasance mamba a wasu kungiyoyin adawa da gwamnati.
Mutuwa
A ƙarshen 1994, Reagan ya kamu da cutar Alzheimer, wacce ta addabe shi tsawon shekaru 10 na rayuwarsa. Ronald Reagan ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2004 yana da shekara 93. Dalilin mutuwa shine ciwon huhu saboda cutar Alzheimer.
Hotunan Reagan
