Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk (an haife shi a shekara ta 1934) - Jam’iyyar Soviet da ta Ukrenia, shugaban ƙasa da siyasa, shugaban ƙasa na 1 mai cin gashin kansa Ukraine (1991-1994). Mataimakin Mutane na Yukren Verkhovna Rada na taron taro na 1-4. Memba na CPSU (1958-1991) kuma memba na SDPU (u) a 1998-2009, ɗan takarar kimiyyar tattalin arziki.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Kravchuk, wanda zamu fada game da shi a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Leonid Kravchuk.
Tarihin rayuwar Kravchuk
An haifi Leonid Kravchuk ne a ranar 10 ga Janairun 1934 a ƙauyen Veliky Zhitin, wanda ke nesa da Rovno. Ya girma a cikin dangin talakawa na Makar Alekseevich da matarsa Efimia Ivanovna.
Lokacin da shugaban kasa na gaba ya kasance kimanin shekaru 7, Babban Yaƙin rioasa ya ɓarke (1941-1945), sakamakon haka aka tura Kravchuk Sr. zuwa gaba. Mutumin ya mutu a 1944 kuma an binne shi a cikin babban kabari a Belarus. Bayan lokaci, mahaifiyar Leonid ta sake yin aure.
Bayan an tashi daga makaranta, saurayin cikin nasara ya ci jarabawa a karamar makarantar koyon sana'o'i da hadin kai. Ya sami manyan maki a dukkan fannoni, shi ya sa ya kammala da girmamawa daga wata cibiya ta ilimi.
Sannan Leonid Kravchuk ya zama dalibi a Jami'ar Jihar Kiev da digiri a Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa. A nan an ba shi amanar mukamin Komsomol na shirya kwas din, amma shekara guda bayan haka ya ƙi, tunda ba ya son “rawa waƙa” na mai shirya bikin.
A cewar Kravchuk, a lokacin karatunsa dole ne ya samu kudi a matsayin mai daukar kaya. Duk da haka, yana ɗaukar wannan lokacin a matsayin ɗayan mafi farin ciki a tarihin rayuwarsa.
Ayyuka da siyasa
Da yake ya zama ƙwararren masani, Leonid ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Kudi ta Chernivtsi, inda ya yi aiki na kimanin shekaru 2. Daga 1960 zuwa 1967 ya kasance mai ba da shawara-methodologist na Majalisar Ilimin Siyasa.
Mutumin ya gabatar da laccoci kuma ya jagoranci sashen tashin hankali da farfaganda na Kwamitin Yankin Chernivtsi na Kwaminisancin Kwaminis. A cikin 1970, ya sami nasarar kare digirinsa na uku na uku (Ph.D.) a kan asalin riba a karkashin gurguzu
A cikin shekaru 18 masu zuwa, Kravchuk yana hanzarta hawa matsayin aiki. A sakamakon haka, a shekara ta 1988 ya hau kan mukamin shugaban sashen farfaganda na kwamitin tsakiya na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Yukren. Wani abin birgewa shine yayin da dan siyasa ya ziyarci mahaifiyarsa, wacce ta kasance mace mai ibada, sai ya zauna a gaban gumakan bisa bukatarta.
A cikin shekarun 80s, Leonid Makarovich ya halarci rubuce-rubucen littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka shafi akida, nasarorin tattalin arziƙin mutanen Soviet, kishin ƙasa da rashin iya Tarayyar Soviet. A ƙarshen 80s a shafukan jaridar "Maraice Kiev", ya fara buɗe baki tare da magoya bayan 'yancin kan Ukraine.
A lokacin tarihin 1989-1991. Kravchuk ya rike manyan mukaman gwamnati: memba na Politburo, sakatare na 2 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Ukraine, mataimakin Koli na Soviet na Ukrainian SSR kuma memba na CPSU. Bayan shahararren watan Agusta putch, dan siyasan ya bar mukamin Kwaminisanci na Tarayyar Soviet, inda ya sanya hannu a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1991 Dokar Sanarwar ‘Yancin Yukren.
Daga wannan lokacin Leonid Kravchuk ya zama shugaban Yukren Verkhovna Rada. Mako guda bayan haka, ya ba da umarnin dakatar da ayyukan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a cikin jihar, albarkacin abin da ya sa shi aiki.
Shugaban Ukraine
Leonid Makarovich ya rike shugabancin kasar na tsawon shekaru 2.5. Ya je zaben ne a matsayin dan takarar da ba na jam’iyya ba. Mutumin ya nemi goyon bayan sama da kashi 61% na ‘yan Ukraine, sakamakon haka ya zama shugaban Ukraine a ranar 1 ga Disambar 1991.
Mako guda bayan zaɓinsa, Kravchuk ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Belovezhskaya game da ƙarshen kasancewar USSR. Bayan shi, shugaban RSFSR Boris Yeltsin da shugaban Belarus Stanislav Shushkevich sun sanya hannu kan takardar.
A cewar masana siyasa, Leonid Kravchuk ne babban wanda ya fara rugujewar USSR. Abin lura ne cewa tsohon shugaban da kansa ya tabbatar da wannan maganar, yana mai cewa mutanen Yukren sun zama "mai binne kabarin" Soviet Union.
Shugabannin Kravchuk sun sami bayanai daban-daban. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu har da samun ‘yancin kan kasar Ukraine, da bunkasa tsarin jam’iyyu da yawa da kuma amincewa da dokar kasa. Daga cikin gazawar akwai koma bayan tattalin arziki da talaucin Yukreniya.
Saboda karuwar rikice-rikice a jihar, Leonid Makarovich ya amince da a yi zabubbuka da wuri, wanda ya yi nasara Leonid Kuchma. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce Kuchma zai zama shugaban kasa daya tilo a tarihin 'yanci na Yukren da ya yi wa'adi 2.
Bayan shugaban kasa
An zabi Kravchuk sau uku (a 1994, 1998 da 2002) a matsayin mataimakin Verkhovna Rada. A cikin lokacin 1998-2006. ya kasance memba na shugabancin Social Democratic Party of Ukraine.
Bayan hade yankin Kirimiya da Rasha, dan siyasar yana yawan cewa Yukreniya yakamata su yi fada da maharin. A cikin 2016, ya gabatar da shawarar ba da ikon cin gashin kai ga sashin laraba a matsayin wani bangare na Yukren, kuma Donbass ya sami “matsayi na musamman”.
Rayuwar mutum
Leonid Kravchuk ya auri Antonina Mikhailovna, wanda ya sadu da shi a lokacin ɗalibinsa. Matasa sun yi aure a 1957.
Ya kamata a lura cewa zaɓaɓɓen tsohon shugaban ɗan takara ne na ilimin kimiyyar tattalin arziki. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar, ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Alexander. Yau Alexander yana cikin kasuwanci.
A cewar Kravchuk, a kowace rana yana amfani da 100 g na vodka "don lafiya", kuma yana zuwa gidan wanka mako-mako. A lokacin bazara na 2011, an yi masa tiyata don inganta hangen nesa ta maye gurbin tabarau na idonsa na hagu.
A cikin 2017, ɗan siyasan ya cire tambarin daga tasoshin. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyin da ya yi ba'a cewa ayyukan da sauran ayyukan likita da aka yi suna kama da duba fasaha na yau da kullun. A tsawon shekarun tarihin sa, Kravchuk ya zama marubucin labarai sama da 500.
Leonid Kravchuk a yau
Leonid Kravchuk har yanzu yana cikin siyasa, yana yin sharhi kan abubuwan da suka faru duka a Ukraine da ma duniya. Ya damu musamman game da hade Kirimiya da halin da ake ciki a Donbas.
Ya kamata a lura cewa mutumin mai goyan bayan kafa tattaunawa ne tsakanin Kiev da wakilan LPR / DPR, tunda sun kasance mahalarta cikin yarjejeniyar Minsk. Yana da shafin yanar gizon hukuma da shafin Facebook.
Hotunan Kravchuk
