Jigon Sanarwar Samun 'Yancin Kan Amurka, wanda za'a tattauna a wannan labarin, zai taimaka muku sosai don fahimtar tarihin Amurka. Sanarwar ita ce takaddar tarihi wacce ke nuna cewa yan mulkin mallaka na Arewacin Amurka da suka sami independenceanci daga Biritaniya.
An sanya hannu kan takaddar a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1776 a Philadelphia. A yau, Amurkawa suna yin wannan ranar a matsayin Ranar 'Yanci. Sanarwa ita ce takaddar hukuma ta farko wacce a cikin ƙasashe masu mulkin mallaka aka sansu da suna "Amurka ta Amurka".
Tarihin kirkirar Sanarwar Samun 'Yancin Kan Amurka
A cikin 1775, Yaƙin Warancin largean-kai mai girma ya ɓarke a Amurka daga Birtaniyya, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin jihohi mafiya ƙarfi a duniya. A yayin wannan rikici, yankuna 13 na Arewacin Amurka sun sami ikon kawar da cikakken iko da tasirin Biritaniya.
A farkon watan Yunin 1776, a taron Majalisar inasashe, wani wakilai daga Virginia mai suna Richard Henry Lee ya gabatar da ƙuduri. Ya ce ya kamata kasashen da suka yi mulkin mallaka su sami cikakken 'yanci daga Turawan ingila. A wannan halin, duk wata dangantakar siyasa da Ingila dole ne a katse ta.
Don yin la'akari da wannan batun, a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1776, an kafa kwamiti a cikin mutanen Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman da Robert Livingston. Babban marubucin wannan takarda shi ne sanannen ɗan gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci - Thomas Jefferson.
A sakamakon haka, a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1776, bayan gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare ga rubutun, mahalarta taron Majalisar na Biyu sun amince da sigar karshe ta sanarwar Amurka game da 'Yancin kai. Bayan kwana huɗu, karatun farko na jama'a na takaddun abin birgewa ya faru.
Jigon Sanarwar Samun 'Yancin Kan Amurka a takaice
Lokacin da membobin kwamitin suka gyara sanarwar, a jajibirin rattaba hannu, sun yi canje-canje da yawa. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, an yanke shawarar cirewa daga takaddar sashin la'antar bautar da cinikin bayi. Gabaɗaya, kusan 25% na kayan an cire su daga rubutun asalin Jefferson.
Yakamata a rarrabe asalin Sanarwar Samun 'Yancin kan Amurka zuwa manyan sassa 3:
- dukkan mutane daidai suke da juna kuma suna da hakkoki iri daya;
- la'antar wasu laifuka da Burtaniya ta yi;
- ɓarkewar dangantakar siyasa tsakanin masarautu da rawanin Ingilishi, tare da amincewa da kowane yanki a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta.
Sanarwar Samun 'Yancin kan Amurka shine takardu na farko a cikin tarihi don yin shelar ƙa'idar shahararren masarauta da ƙin yarda da babbar ikon Allah a lokacin. Takardar ta baiwa ‘yan kasar damar samun‘ yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsu, saboda haka, yin tawaye ga azzalumar gwamnati da kifar da ita.
Har yanzu jama'ar Amurka suna bikin ranar sanya hannu kan takardar da ta canza doka da falsafar ci gaban Amurka. Duk duniya ta san yadda Amurkawa suke ɗaukar mulkin demokraɗiyya da gaske.
Wani abin ban sha’awa shi ne cewa Shugabar Gwamnatin Jamus Angela Merkel ta ɗauki Amurka, ba kasarsa ba, a matsayin abin koyi. Tun tana yarinya, ta yi burin ziyartar Amurka, amma ta samu damar yin hakan ne kawai a lokacin da take da shekaru 36 da haihuwa.
