Buddha Shakyamuni (a zahiri "Wayayye mai hikima daga dangin Shakya"; 563-483 BC) - malamin ruhaniya kuma wanda ya kafa addinin Buddha - ɗayan addinai 3 na duniya. Bayan ya sami suna a lokacin haihuwa Siddhattha Gotama/Siddhartha Gautama, daga baya ya zama sananne da Buddha, wanda a zahiri ke nufin "Wanda Ya Farka" a cikin Sanskrit.
Siddhattha Gautama babban jigo ne a addinin Buddha. Labarunsa, maganganunsa da tattaunawa tare da mabiya sun kafa tushen tarin littattafan Buddha masu tsarki. Hakanan yana jin daɗin iko a cikin wasu addinai, gami da Hindu.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Buddha, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, kafin ku gajeriyar tarihin Siddhartha Gautama.
Tarihin rayuwar Buddha
An haifi Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) a wajajen 563 BC. (a cewar wasu kafofin a cikin 623 BC) a cikin garin Lumbine, wanda yake yanzu a cikin Nepal.
A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya ba su da wadatattun takaddun da za su ba da damar sake ƙirƙirar ainihin tarihin Buddha. A saboda wannan dalili, tarihin rayuwar gargajiya ya dogara ne da rubutun Buddha waɗanda suka tashi shekaru 400 kawai bayan mutuwarsa.
Yara da samari
An yi imanin cewa mahaifin Buddha shi ne Raja Shuddhodana, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ke Sarauniya Mahamaya, gimbiya daga masarautar Colia. Yawancin bayanai sun ce mahaifiyar malamin nan gaba ta mutu mako guda bayan haihuwarta.
A sakamakon haka, Gautama ya tashi daga mahaifiyarsa mahaifiyarsa Maha Prajapati. Abin mamaki, Maha kuma matar Shuddhodana ce.
Buddha ba shi da 'yan'uwa. Koyaya, yana da ɗan uwa, Nanda, ɗan Prajapati da Shuddhodana. Akwai sigar cewa shi ma yana da 'yar'uwa mai suna Sundara-Nanda.
Mahaifin Buddha ya so ɗansa ya zama babban mai mulki. Don wannan, ya yanke shawarar kare yaron daga duk koyarwar addini da masaniya game da wahalar da ke addabar mutane. Mutumin ya gina wa dansa fadoji 3, inda zai ci moriyar wani amfani.
Tun yana yaro, Gautama ya fara nuna kwarewa daban-daban, sakamakon haka ya kasance yana gaba da takwarorinsa sosai wajen karatun kimiyya da wasanni. A lokaci guda, ya ba da lokaci mai yawa don yin tunani.
Lokacin da saurayin yana dan shekara 16, mahaifinsa ya bashi gimbiya Yashodhara, wacce kani ce a matsayin matar sa. Daga baya, ma'auratan sun sami ɗa, Rahul. Buddha na farko na tarihin rayuwarsa, Buddha ya rayu a matsayin Yarima Kapilavastu.
Duk da cewa Siddhartha ya rayu cikin wadata, ya fahimci cewa wadatar dukiya ba ita ce ma'anar rayuwa ba. Da zarar, mutumin ya sami damar barin gidan sarautar kuma ya gani da idanuwansa rayuwar talakawa.
Buddha ta ga "tabarau 4" wanda har abada ya canza rayuwarsa da halayen sa game da shi:
- wani tsoho mai bara;
- mutum mara lafiya;
- gawa mai lalacewa;
- makiyayi.
A lokacin ne Siddhartha Gautama ya fahimci mummunan yanayin rayuwa. Ya bayyana a gare shi cewa dukiya ba ta iya ceton mutum daga cuta, tsufa da mutuwa. Sannan ya fahimci cewa hanyar ilimin kai-tsaye ita ce kawai hanyar fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da wahala.
Bayan haka, Buddha ya bar fada, dangi da duk dukiyar da suka mallaka, yana neman hanyar da zai 'yantar da kansa daga wahala.
Farkawa da wa'azi
Da zarar sun fita bayan gari, Gautama ya haɗu da wani mai bara, yana canza kaya tare da shi. Ya fara yawo a yankuna daban-daban, yana rokon sadaka daga masu wucewa.
Lokacin da mai mulkin Bimbisara ya sami labarin yawo da yarima, sai ya miƙa gadon sarauta ga Buddha, amma ya ƙi. A yayin tafiye-tafiyen sa, mutumin ya karanci tunani, sannan kuma dalibi ne na malamai daban-daban, wanda hakan ya bashi damar samun ilimi da kwarewa.
Da yake son samun wayewa, Siddhartha ya fara rayuwa mai cike da zafin rai, yana bautar da duk wani sha'awar jiki. Bayan kimanin shekaru 6, yana gab da mutuwa, ya fahimci cewa zuhudu ba ya haifar da wayewa, amma kawai yana narkar da jiki.
Sannan Buddha, shi kaɗai, ya ci gaba da tafiyarsa, yana ci gaba da neman hanyoyin cimma farkawa ta ruhaniya. Wata rana ya tsinci kansa a cikin wani kurmi wanda yake kusa da yankin Gaia.
Anan ya wadatar da yunwarsa da shinkafa, wacce wata matar garin ta kula dashi. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce Buddha ta gaji sosai har matar ta dauke shi ruhun itace. Bayan yaci abinci, sai ya zauna a karkashin wata bishiyar ficic kuma ya sha alwashin ba zai motsa ba har sai ya kai ga Gaskiya.
A sakamakon haka, ana zargin Buddha mai shekaru 36 ya zauna a gindin bishiya tsawon kwanaki 49, bayan haka ya sami nasarar Farkawa da kuma cikakkiyar fahimta game da yanayi da dalilin wahala. Ya kuma bayyana a gare shi yadda zai kawar da wahala.
Daga baya wannan ilimin ya zama sananne da "Gaskiya ta Hudu." Babban sharadin farkawa shine samun nirvana. Bayan wannan ne aka fara kiran Gautama "Buddha", ma'ana, "Wanda ya Farka." A cikin shekaru masu zuwa na tarihinsa, ya yi wa'azin koyarwarsa ga dukkan mutane.
Buddha na sauran shekaru 45 na rayuwarsa, Buddha yana wa’azi a Indiya. A wannan lokacin, yana da mabiya da yawa. Dangane da rubutun Buddha, sannan ya aikata al'ajibai iri-iri.
Mutanen da ke cikin garken sun zo Buddha don koyo game da sabon koyarwar. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, mai mulkin Bimbisara ya kuma yarda da ra'ayin Buddha. Koyo game da mutuwar mahaifinsa, Gautama ya tafi gare shi. A sakamakon haka, dan ya fada wa mahaifinsa game da wayewar kansa, sakamakon haka ya zama arhat jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa tsawon shekarun tarihin rayuwarsa, kungiyoyin addinai masu adawa da shi sun sha yin Buddha sau da kafa.
Mutuwa
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 80, Buddha ya bayyana cewa zai sami cikakkiyar salama cikin sauri - nirvana, wanda ba “mutuwa” ba ne ko “rashin mutuwa” kuma ya wuce fahimtar hankali.
Kafin rasuwarsa, malamin ya faɗi haka: “Duk abubuwan da aka haɗu suna da gajarta. Yi ƙoƙari don sakin ka, yin ƙoƙari don wannan. " Gautama Buddha ya mutu a 483 BC, ko 543 BC, yana da shekaru 80, bayan haka aka kona gawarsa.
Abubuwan tarihi na Gautama sun kasu kashi 8, sa'annan a aza a gindin wasu stupas da aka gina na musamman. Abin mamaki ne a cikin Sri Lanka akwai wani wuri da ake riƙe haƙori na Buddha. Akalla mabiya addinin Buddha sun yi imani da hakan.
