Gidan Mikhailovsky, ko Gidan Injiniya (ana iya kiransa haka), ɗayan ɗayan gine-ginen tarihi ne masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki a cikin St. Wanda aka gina ta da dokar sarki Paul I, cikin kauna da hankali aka tsara shi azaman gidan kakannin kakanninmu na dauloli masu ƙarfi kuma suna aiki a matsayin gidan sarauta na ɗan gajeren lokaci, Mikhailovsky Castle, gidan kayan gargajiya mai ban mamaki da abin tunawa, yana tsaye a tsakiyar babban birnin Arewacin. Yana fuskantar Lambun bazara da Filin Mars kuma yana nesa da Arts Square da Nevsky Prospect.
Akwai fasalin cewa VI Bazhenov, mai fasaha mai fasaha, ne ya kirkiro aikin ginin gidan, yana tunanin tunanin ɗayan hadaddun tsarin gine-ginen a cikin St. Petersburg. Koyaya, masana tarihin fasaha na Yamma suna jayayya cewa ingantaccen ra'ayin tsarin gine-ginen mallakar na Vincenzo Brenna ne na Italiyanci, mahaliccin kyawawan gidajen sarauta na Pavlovsk. Bayan haka, Brenna ta gina Mikhailovsky Castle.
Wannan kyakkyawan tsarin yana da banbanci sosai. Salon sa - Romanism na gargajiya - wanda aka aro daga ginin Hasken Yammacin Turai. Da farko, ana kiran salon soyayya kishiyar salon gargajiya - mai mahimmanci, mai ma'ana, a ƙarshen 17th - farkon ƙarni na 19. tsayayya da fara'a da "kyakkyawa" na wasu salo - kamar Rococo. Romanism, wanda aka gabatar dashi a cikin yanayin gargajiya, ya kirkiro ayyukan gine-gine waɗanda ba za'a iya kwafa ba, game da su wanda yake da wahala a faɗi abin da ya fi yawa a cikinsu - sauƙin kai da ladabi ko kyawawan halaye da kuma fara'a.
A cewar tatsuniya, fadar ta karbi launinta na musamman, kodadde, kodadde ja mai launin ruwan hoda, don girmama safofin hannu da Lopukhina ke sawa, wanda Paul I ya fi so, waɗanda suka ƙaura zuwa gidan. Akwai wani fasali, mai ƙamshi na almara, game da wani wanda aka fi so, mai launin toka da ja, wanda aka ce sarki ya yi magana game da ƙauna: "Hayaƙi da wuta!" Grayarshen launin toka mai ƙyashi na fadar ya daidaita launi mai laushi na ganuwar kagara mai ƙarfi.
Na waje da ado na facades na Mikhailovsky Castle
- Ko dai fada, ko kuma sansanin soja.
- Finishingarshen jiki.
- Fuskokin gidan sarki.
- Arin abubuwa a farfajiyar kudu: abin tunawa ga Peter dawakai mai dawakai da Maple Alley.
A cikin bayyanar, Mikhailovsky Castle yayi kama da rufaffiyar tsari tare da babban farfajiyar fili, daga idanun tsuntsu mai kama da sansanin soja. Paul Na ji tsoron ƙulla makirci (daga ɗayan da ya mutu a ƙarshe) kuma da gangan ko a ɓoye yana son ɓoyewa, don ɓuya a cikin sansanin soja mai aminci. Tsoron da ba za a iya lissafa shi ba, ya karfafa shi ta hanyar hangen nesa (ko dai inuwar Bitrus Mai Girma ya bayyana a gare shi, ko kuma Gypsy), ya tilasta shi barin Gidan Sarauta na hunturu ya zauna a sabon gidan zama, wanda aka gina a shafin Gidan Sarauta na lokacin Sarauniya Sarauniya Elizabeth. An haifi sarki Paul na gaba a Fadar Baƙin.
Shahararrun ginin gidan ya gudana ne ta hanyar mashahuran masu yin zane-zane na wancan lokacin - Thibault da P. Stagi, masu fasaha - A. Vigi da D.B Scotti da sauransu. Kayan aiki masu tsada da aka yi amfani da su don ado na facades sun ba wa ginin daraja. An shirya marmara da aka yi amfani da ita wajen ginin don Cathedral na St.
Fuskokin Masallacin Mikhailovsky ba su yi daidai ba. Fuskokin gabas, wanda yake bayyane daga bankunan Fontanka, ana ɗauka mafi ƙanƙanci, yayin da na kudu shine mafi girma.
Fuskokin arewa, ko babba, gaban ɓangaren ginin yana duban Lambun Bazara da Filin Mars. A cikin korama ta Lambun bazara, a cikin sanyin yanayi, zaku iya ganin kwatancen benaye na sama da kuma manyan ayyukan gine-gine na kagara. Façade ta arewa tana gayyatar baƙi zuwa farfajiya mai faɗi tare da murfin marmara.
A tsakiyar tsakiyar facade na yamma na Mikhailovsky Castle, wanda yake kallon titin Sadovaya, akwai wani dome mai ɗanɗano tare da gwangwani na cocin, wanda ya kamata ya yi addu'o'in dangin masarauta. An gina haikalin ne don girmamawa Shugaban Mala'iku Mika'ilu, wanda ya ba wa gidan sunan sunan.
Fuskokin gabas na ginin suna fuskantar bangon Fontanka. A kan facade akwai leji da ke tsakiya da kuma tsayayyar kishiyar irin wannan layin a gefen yamma (inda cocin yake). Wannan shine Oval Hall, wanda ya kasance na ɗakunan bikin masarauta. Kamar Ikklisiya, murfin yana cike da turret da spire don daidaitawa.
Façade ta kudu tana sanye da marmara kuma tana ɗauke da farfajiyar faɗakarwa, wacce ta fita dabam da bayan babban katafaren gidan a matsayin sabon abu, dalla-dalla. Obelisks tare da kayan yaƙi na ƙarni na Tsakiya sun cika hoton girma.
Fuskantar kudanci kuma sanannen abu ne kuma sananne saboda gaskiyar cewa an kafa wata alama ta Peter I a gabanta.Wannan shi ne abin tarihi na farko a cikin St. Babban BK Rastrelli ne yayi ƙirar jagoran sa a lokacin rayuwar Peter the Great, a cikin 1719 - farkon 1720s. Bayan haka, shekaru arba'in daga baya, aka jefa dutsen a cikin tagulla, amma bayan haka ya jira wasu shekaru arba'in kafin ya ci sarauta a kan ginshiƙi. An kawata filin da marlon Olonets (ana iya samun sa a cikin ginin kanta). Basan ƙasa-bashin gargaji wanda ke nuna yakin Poltava da almara a Cape Gangut sun ƙawata ta.
Babba mai tsayi da tsayi Maple Avenue tana kaiwa zuwa facade ta kudu. Duk lokacin da kaka tazo zuwa St. Petersburg, ganyen maple, ja, kamar kalar bangon, yana jaddada tsananin kyawun gidan. Hagu zuwa dama da hagu na titin an gina rumfuna ne a ƙarshen 1700s - 1800s. Wadanda suka kirkiresu sune gine-ginen V. Bazhenov da mai zane-zane F. G. Gordeev.
Mikhailovsky Castle: cikin gani
- Cikin cikin kagara don masoyan harbe-harben hoto.
- Dampness da alatu.
- Gidan Rana na Raphael.
- Thakin Al'arshi.
- Zauren oval
A cikin ciki na gidan sarki akwai marmara mai yawa, gami da launuka masu yawa. Zane-zanen da ke nuna Hercules da Flora sun daskarewa a kan abin da suke kan gado, suna tsare babban matakalar daga ƙofar arewa. Paintedakunan rufin ɗakin an zana su da ban mamaki.
Kowa na iya ziyartar Gidan Mikhailovsky ya ɗauki hotuna da ba za a manta da su a ciki ba. A baya, ana biyan harbi kawai, amma zuwa 2016 an ba kowa izinin ɗaukar hoto, duk da haka, ba tare da walƙiya ba. Koyaya, baƙi sun lura cewa hasken da ke cikin gidan ya dusashe, zane-zanen da ƙyallen wuta suna walƙiya, yana mai da wahalar ɗaukar hoto.
Lokacin motsawa, sarki yayi cikin sauri har bai jira a gama aikin gamawa ba. Zamanin ya lura cewa gida mai bangon danshi da kwarkwata masu yawo a cikin zane-zane masu ban sha'awa na lalata rayuwa. Amma damina bai dakatar da Paul ba, kawai ya umarce shi da ya rufa wa dangin gidansa keɓaɓɓen itace. Paul Na yi ƙoƙari na rama wa dankness na mazaunin masarauta tare da kayan alatu na ciki.
Mafi kyawun abubuwan ciki sune Al'arshi, Oval da kuma Majami'un Coci, waɗanda suka kiyaye wani ɓangare na kayan ado na asali, da kuma Gidan Rediyon Raphael. An yi wa Gidan Rediyon Raphael suna saboda an kasance a rataye shi da darduma a inda aka kwafa ayyukan babban mai zane. Yanzu zaku iya ganin kwafin zane-zane na wasu mashahuran masters Renaissance a wurin.
Bangon zauren Al'arshi, wanda ke da sifa iri-iri, a baya an lullube shi da koren karammis, kuma kursiyin ya kasance na kirji. Sarakunan Rome a cikin sigar busts waɗanda aka girka a saman ƙofofi a cikin maɓuɓɓuka na musamman suna tsare ƙofar. Tun daga ƙyalli, kayan alatu, kayan ɗaki na katako mai tamani da sauran abubuwan farin ciki, wani abu ya wanzu har zuwa yau.
Wurin falon yana da kyau da ɗaukaka sosai: bas-reliefs, mutummutumai a cikin salon Italiyanci sun tsira har zuwa yau. K. Albani yayi aiki a cikin ciki a cikin lokutan Pavlovsk. Allolin da suka sauko daga Olympus sun yi ado a saman tekun da A. Vigi ya kirkira. Gaskiya ne, ba duk abubuwan da aka zana ba ne suka rayu: yayin sake fasalin bayan sun zauna a cikin ginin makarantar injiniya, dole ne a cire wani abu.
Abubuwan da ke cikin Mikhailovsky Castle suna da kyan gani da annashuwa. Koyaya, manyan taskokinsa - zane-zane, zane-zane da sauran ayyukan fasaha - bayan kisan sarki an aika zuwa wasu fadoji: Hunturu, Tauride, Marmara. Iyalan Paul I ma sun bar gidan sarauta har abada, suna komawa ga tsohuwar masarauta - Fadar hunturu.
Tarihi da inuwar gidan sarauta
- Bala'i da juyin mulkin fada.
- Fatalwar Gidan Mikhailovsky.
- Historyarin tarihin Gidan Ginin Injiniya.
Mikhailovsky Castle yana da nasa tarihin mai ban mamaki da ban tausayi, wanda yake da alaƙa sosai da tarihin rayuwa da mutuwar mai kirkirar sa. A cikin 1801, a ranar 11 ga Maris, a cikin Mikhailovsky Castle, inda har yanzu ana ci gaba da aikin gamawa, an kashe Sarki Paul I cikin ha'inci.
Juyin mulkin gidan sarauta, wanda ya haifar da mummunan kisan kai, ya samo asali ne sakamakon rashin gamsuwa da 'yan adawa game da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki na sarki, aikin gwamnati, wanda aka danganta ga Paul I, rashin daidaituwar gwamnati, sake fasalin barikin sojoji da sauran shawarwarin gudanarwa. Kawance da Napoleon, wanda Paul I na ya kammala a 1800, ya haifar da barazana ga Rasha daga Ingila. Wataƙila sarki bai yi kuskure ba sosai: yaƙi da Faransa, wanda Rasha ba ta da wata matsala mai ma'ana da shi kafin ko bayansa, daga baya ya nuna wannan, amma sai 'yan adawa - magoya bayan marigayiyar mahaifiyar Emperor Catherine the Great - suka yi tunani daban.
Sarki ya farka a tsakiyar dare, ya nemi ya sauka, kuma a cikin amsa ga ƙin yarda, sai aka shaƙe shi da gyale. Yana da shekara arba'in da shida. Tsawon zaman Paul I a cikin Mikhailovsky Castle ya zama na sihiri: kwana arba'in kawai, daga 1 ga Fabrairu zuwa 11 ga Maris.
Rashin gamsuwa da sarki ya haifar da wani bala'i, wanda har yanzu ana iya kama sautinsa a cikin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin fada, inda gidan kayan tarihin yanzu yake. Da alama a ƙarƙashin ginshiƙanta wani asirin yana rayuwa har zuwa yau, wanda kawai don ɗan lokaci ne waɗanda suka zo yawon buɗe ido za su iya taɓa shi. Akwai tatsuniya cewa Paul na tsaya a tagar ɗakin kwanansa a kowace ranar tunawa da mutuwarsa, yana ƙididdige masu wucewa, kuma, sun ƙidaya na arba'in da bakwai, ganye, suna ɗaukar mutumin da ba shi da sa'a. Sarki, wanda ya juye da fatalwa, yana yawo a farfajiyar gidansa ta dare, yana tsoratar da masu gadin dare da murtsuka da famfo, kuma inuwarsa a bango tana bayyane da dare.
Waɗannan wahayin da ba za a iya fassarawa ba sun kawo kwamitocin a kan abin mamakin zuwa Fadar Mikhailovsky. Kuma membobin kwamitocin, gami da wadanda basu yarda da Allah ba, sun lura cewa kimanin abubuwa goma sha biyu ne aka rubuta a cikin ginin wanda bashi da wani bayani daga mahangar kimiyya.
A cikin 1820s, an sauya gidan sarauta na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa Makarantar Injiniya ta Nikolaev kuma an sake masa suna da Gidan Injiniya.
Makarantar aikin injiniya ta yaye ɗalibai masu ɗaukaka na Uban, waɗanda suka tabbatar da kansu ba wai kawai ƙwararrun injiniyoyi ba. Don haka, ɗayan waɗanda suka kammala karatun shi ne F. M. Dostoevsky. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin juyin-juya hali, gwarzo na Tarayyar Soviet D. Karbyshev ya kammala makarantar, wanda daga baya ya zama Laftanar-janar na sojojin injiniya.
A lokacin Babban Yaƙin Patasa, wani asibiti ya yi aiki a cikin Mikhailovsky Castle, kuma an binne abin tunawa da Peter I a cikin ƙasa don kare shi daga harbin bindiga.
Muna ba da shawarar ganin Gidan Trakai.
Za a gaya wa baƙi game da wannan duka yayin yawon buɗe ido lokacin da suka zo Babban Masallacin Mikhailovsky.
Yadda ake zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma lokacin ziyartarsa
- Wurin gidan kayan gargajiya.
- Aikin mako-mako.
- Kudin ziyartar nau'ikan 'yan ƙasa daban-daban.
- Nune-nunen da baje kolin ban da babban shirin.
Adireshin hukuma shine Sadovaya Street, 2. Samun wahalar zuwa wurin ba shi da wahala. Dole ne ku isa tashar jirgin ƙasa "Nevsky Prospekt" ko "Gostiny Dvor" (tashar iri ɗaya, layi ɗaya kawai) ku yi tafiyar minti goma a kan titin Sadovaya, zuwa Filin Mars.
Abubuwan buɗewa na gidan kayan gargajiya iri ɗaya ne a duk ranakun mako, ban da Talata - ranar hutu kawai - da Alhamis. A ranar Alhamis, gidan kayan gargajiya a bude yake ga baƙi daga 1 na yamma kuma ya rufe daga baya fiye da yadda ya saba da ƙarfe 9 na dare. Awanni na budewa a wasu ranakun daga goma na safe zuwa shida na yamma.
A farashi, ziyartar gidan kayan gargajiya ga kusan kowa. A cikin 2017, an saita farashin tikiti zuwa nau'ikan masu yawon bude ido kamar haka. Manyan Russia da Belarusians suna biyan rubles ɗari biyu, ɗalibai da 'yan fansho suna biyan ɗari, yara' yan ƙasa da shekaru goma sha shida suna da 'yanci. Farashin baƙon balaguro ɗari uku rubles, don ɗaliban baƙi ɗari da hamsin, don yara - kyauta.
Baya ga manyan balaguron, fadar a lokaci-lokaci tana baje kolin nune-nunen kayan tarihin Rasha. Jadawalinsu ya dogara da jadawalin nune-nunen da Gidan Tarihi na Rasha ya gudanar.
Gidan Tarihi na Rasha yana nan kusa, a tsakiyar filin Arts Arts, tsakanin titin Rakova da Inzhenernaya, a cikin Fadar Mikhailovsky. Ko da Petersburgers galibi suna ruɗar da Fadar Mikhailovsky da Gidan Mikhailovsky. Abin baƙin cikin shine, ƙuri'un da masana tarihin cikin gida suka gudanar ya nuna cewa yawancin citizensan ƙasa suna ɗaukar abubuwa biyu na al'adu da gine-gine a matsayin ɗaya!
Hakanan akwai nune-nunen dindindin a cikin gidan. Ko dai suna da dangantaka da tarihin Mikhailovsky Castle, ko kuma sanar da baƙi game da halayen fasaha na Antiquity da Renaissance, suna maimaita ainihin fasahar Rasha.
