Cocin Ceto a kan Nerl yayin da farin farin haske ya hau kan tsaunin da mutum ya yi sama da makiyaya da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye, kamar dai yana nuna hanyar masu yawo. Godiya ga yanayin shimfidar wuri na musamman da tsarin gine-ginen, an san ƙirƙirar gine-ginen Rasha nesa da yankin Vladimir. Tun daga 1992, Ikilisiyar C Churchto a kan Nerl an saka ta a cikin Lissafin al'adun Duniya na UNESCO, kuma makiyaya, inda gidan ibada na Bogolyubsky yake, ɓangare ne na rukunin tarihi da wuri mai faɗi, wanda ke da mahimmancin yanki.
Asirin bayyanar Cocin Ceto a kan Nerl
Tarihin kirkirar Cocin Ceto a kan Nerl cike yake da kuskure da zato. Abu daya ne kawai aka sani ga tabbatacce - a ƙarƙashin yariman ne aka gina haikalin. Wannan farar dutse mai kayatarwa an gina ta a lokacin Yarima Andrey Bogolyubsky, ɗan Yuri Dolgoruky.
Yana da wahala a fadi sunan shekarar da aka fara ginin. Yawancin masana tarihi suna danganta ginin haikalin tare da mutuwar Yarima Izyaslav, a matsayin sha'awar Yarima Andrew don ci gaba da tunawa da ɗansa. Sannan za a iya yin la'akari da ranar da aka kafa cocin 1165. Koyaya, a cikin rahotanni na tarihi an ce an gina cocin "a lokacin bazara ɗaya," kuma basaraken ya mutu a lokacin bazara. Don haka, ya fi dacewa a yi magana game da 1166 azaman ranar da aka gina haikalin da kuma “bazara ɗaya” da aka ambata a tarihin rayuwar Yarima Andrew.
Wani madadin shine ra'ayin cewa Cocin C theto a kan Nerl an gina shi lokaci guda tare da gina rukunin gidajen sufi a Bogolyubovo a ƙarshen 1150-1160. kuma ba shi da alaƙa da mutuwar basarake. Dangane da wannan sigar, ginin haikalin godiya ne ga Mafi Tsarki Theotokos don tallafawa mutanen Vladimir a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe tare da Bulgars.
Har ila yau labarin yana da alaƙa da Bulgars cewa dutsen, mai ban sha'awa a cikin farinsa, an kawo shi daga masarautar Bulgar, wanda Andrey Bogolyubsky ya ci da yaƙi. Koyaya, karatun da ya biyo baya ya karyata wannan zato: dutsen da ke cikin yankin da aka ci nasara a Bulgaria yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka-toka kuma ya bambanta ƙwarai da farar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen gini.
Andrei Bogolyubsky ya kasance mai matukar damuwa da bikin idi na Ceto na Mafi Tsarki Theotokos. A kan nacewarsa, an tsarkake sabuwar cocin don girmama Idin Theotokos. Tun daga wannan lokacin, girmamawa ga wannan hutun ya fara kuma yanzu zaku iya samun haikalin Pokrovsky a kusan kowane birni.
Sirrin masu zanen gini
Cocin C theto a kan Nerl daidai ne a ɗauke shi a matsayin wani abin tarihi na gine-ginen ba na ƙasa kaɗai ba, har ma da na duniya. Ga dukkan nau'ikan laconic, shine mafi kyaun misali na salon gine-ginen Rasha kuma yayi aiki dashi azaman tsarin canonical a ƙirar wasu majami'u.
Ba a zabi wurin yin ginin ba - ba a cikin tsohuwar zamanin akwai mahadar kogi mai aiki da hanyoyin cinikin ƙasa, amma baƙon abu ba ne, saboda an gina haikalin ne a kan makiyaya mai ambaliya a wurin da Nerl ke kwarara zuwa cikin Klyazma.
Wuri na musamman ya buƙaci tsarin daidaitaccen tsari don gini. Don ginin ya tsaya tsawon ƙarni, masu zanen gine-ginen sun yi amfani da dabarar da ba ta dace ba yayin gininta: da farko, an yi tsiri mai tsiri (mita 1.5-1.6), wanda ci gaba ya kasance bango kusan kusan mita 4. Daga nan aka rufe wannan tsari da ƙasa, sakamakon tsaunin da ya haifar ya zama tushe domin ginin coci. Godiya ga waɗannan dabaru, coci ya yi nasara tsayayya wa kai hari na shekara-shekara na ruwa shekaru aru aru.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, bisa ga wasu hotuna daga tarihin gidan sufi, asalin hoton ginin ya banbanta da na zamani. Hakanan an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar binciken da aka yi a 1858 da mai zanen diocesan NA.Artleben da kuma a cikin 1950s da N.N. Voronin, wani ƙwararren masani a fagen tsoffin gine-ginen gargajiya na Rasha. Dangane da binciken su, cocin ya kewaye shi da wasu ɗaliban hotuna, wanda ya ba adon nata kwatankwacin girmamawa da ɗaukakar ɗakunan Rasha.
Abin baƙin cikin shine, sunayen waɗanda suka gina gwaninta na gine-ginen Rasha ba su wanzu ba har zuwa zamaninmu. Malaman tarihi sun kafa hujja ne kawai, tare da masu sana'a da gine-ginen Rasha, kwararru daga Hungary da Malopolska suma sun yi aiki - ana nuna wannan ta halaye masu kyau na Romanesque na ƙawancen, waɗanda aka fifita su bisa tsarin Byzantine na gargajiya.
Adon cikin gida yana da ban mamaki a cikin ƙwarewar sa. Fenti na ainihi bai tsira ba, yawancinsu sun ɓace yayin gyare-gyare na "dabbanci" a cikin 1877, wanda, ba tare da haɗin gwiwar masanin ginin diocesan ba, ya fara ne daga hukumomin sufaye. Abubuwan sabuntawa da sabbin abubuwa an haɗa su da juna sosai wanda hakan yasa suke haifar da da mai ido gaba daya.
Har ila yau, haikalin yana da fasalin fasalin kansa: duk da cewa an gina ganuwar a tsaye a tsaye, da alama sun ɗan karkata zuwa ciki. Wannan sananne ne musamman a cikin hotunan da aka ɗauka a cikin cocin. Wannan yaudarar an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar gwargwado da ginshikai na musamman wadanda suke zuwa sama.
Wani fasali mara kyau na adon cocin shine sassaƙaƙƙun hotunan da ke nuna Sarki Dauda. Siffar sa ta tsakiya ce ga dukkan fuskoki uku. Baya ga David, wanda aka zana tare da mai kaifin baki, kayan aikin an nuna hotunan adon zakoki da kurciya.
Milestones a cikin tarihi
Makomar Cocin Ceto a kan Nerl cike take da al'amuran baƙin ciki. Bayan waliyin haikalin, Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, ya mutu a shekara ta 1174, 'yan'uwan gidan sufi suka mamaye cocin gaba daya. Ba da kuɗi ya daina, sabili da haka ba a taɓa gina hasumiyar ƙararrawa ba, wacce aka tsara tun farko a zaman wani ɓangare na haɗin ginin.
Bala'i na gaba shi ne lalata Mongol-Tatar. Lokacin da Tatar suka ɗauki Vladimir a cikin karni na XII, ba su yi watsi da cocin ba. A bayyane, an yaudare su da kayan aiki da wasu abubuwa masu daraja na ƙawa, waɗanda yariman bai sarara ba.
Amma mafi munin bala'i ga haikalin kusan ya zama 1784, lokacin da mallakar gidan sufi na Bogolyubsk ne. Abban gidan sufi ya tashi don rusa cocin mai-dutse da amfani da shi azaman kayan gini ga gine-ginen gidan zuhudun, wanda har ya sami izini daga diocese Vladimir. Abin farin ciki, bai taɓa iya yin yarjejeniya da ɗan kwangilar ba, in ba haka ba abin tuni da gine-ginen gine-ginen zai kasance har abada.
Rayuwa mai `` gajimare '' ta faro ne a haikalin kawai a shekara ta 1919, lokacin da ya shiga hannun kwalejin lardin Vladimir don gidajen kayan tarihi, wanda ya riga ya kasance a matsayin wani abin tunawa da tsohuwar gine-ginen Rasha.
A cikin 1923, ayyukan da ke cikin cocin sun ƙare kuma wurin yanki ne kawai ya cece shi daga lalacewa da lalata a cikin shekarun mulkin Soviet (babu wanda ke da sha'awar yankin a cikin makiyaya, ruwa koyaushe yana cike da ruwa) da matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya.
Muna ba da shawarar duba Cocin Mai Ceto a kan Jinin da ya Zube.
Tun daga shekarar 1960, farin jinin cocin ya karu daga shekara zuwa shekara, wanda ke kara jawo hankalin masu yawon bude ido da mahajjata. A cikin 1980, masu maidowa sun dawo da cocin zuwa ga asalinsa, amma ayyukan sun kasance kawai a cikin 1990s.
Yadda ake zuwa can
Cocin Ceto a kan Nerl yana cikin ƙauyen Bogolyubovo kusa da Vladimir. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don zuwa haikalin:
- zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin yawon shakatawa da yawa waɗanda hukumomin tafiye-tafiye na Vladimir, Moscow da sauran manyan biranen ke bayarwa da yawa;
- yi amfani da safarar jama'a. Motocin # 18 ko # 152 sun tashi daga Vladimir zuwa Bogolyubov.
- da kansa ta hanyar mota, haɗin GPS na cocin: 56.19625.40.56135. Daga Vladimir, tafi zuwa ga hanyar Nizhny Novgorod (babbar hanyar M7). Bayan wucewa gidan sufi na Bogolyubsky, juya hagu zuwa tashar jirgin ƙasa, inda zaka iya barin motarka.
Duk wani zaɓi da kuka zaba, kasance cikin shirin tafiya kusan kilomita 1.5. Babu kofar shiga wurin ibadar. A lokacin ambaliyar bazara, ruwan ya hau mita da yawa kuma ana iya isa da shi ta jirgin ruwa kawai; da ɗan kuɗi kaɗan, masu jirgin ruwa na cikin gida suna ba da wannan aikin.
Koyaya, komai yawan ƙoƙarin da kuka yi a kan tafiya, kallon kallo kawai ga kyawawan haikalin mai dusar ƙanƙara, a zahiri ya hau saman kogin, zai cika ruhu da kwanciyar hankali da sake cika ƙarfi. Ana iya samun cikakken kwatancen hanya da jadawalin ayyuka a gidan yanar sadarwar diocese na Vladimir-Suzdal, wanda haikalin yake da shi a halin yanzu.
Yanzu ba wai kawai wurin aikin hajji ba ne ga masu imani, ƙasar mai ban sha'awa tana da matukar sha'awar masu zane da masu ɗaukar hoto. A yayin ambaliyar ruwa, coci yana kewaye da ruwa a kowane bangare, wanda ya sa ya zama kamar a tsaye aka gina a tsakiyar kogin. Hotunan da akeyi a wayewar gari suna da ban sha'awa musamman lokacin da hazo akan kogin ya haifar da wani sabon yanayi na asiri.
