Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin shine katin ziyartar Nizhny Novgorod. Yana da kama da kamanceceniya da Kazan, Novgorod, takwarorinsa na Moscow: ya fi Kazan Kremlin girma, ba shi da cikakken iko da girma fiye da na Moscow.
Wannan abin tunawa na tsohuwar gini yana tsaye a kan tsaunin Dyatlovy. Daga samansu, bayyanar Oka da Volga a bayyane yake. Wataƙila, ra'ayin ne ya jawo hankalin Yarima Yuri Vsevolodovich, wanda ke zaɓar wuri don sabon birni a cikin ƙasashen Mordovian. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ya "sake haifuwa" sau uku, tarihin gini yana da tsayi da wahala: da farko an yi shi ne da itace, sannan a dutse, kuma a ƙarshe, an sake gina shi a cikin tubali. An kafa itace a shekara ta 1221, dutsen a 1370 (wanda ya fara ginin shi ne surukin Dmitry Donskoy), kuma ginin tubalin ya fara ne a shekara ta 1500.
Abin tunawa ga V. Chkalov da Chkalovskaya Matakala a Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
Zai fi kyau a fara binciken Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin daga abin tunawa zuwa V. Chkalov, ƙwararren matuƙin jirgin sama wanda aka haifa a ƙasar Nizhny Novgorod. Shi da abokan aikin sa ne waɗanda suka taɓa yin jirgin sama na musamman zuwa Amurka ta Arewacin Pole.
Daga dutsen kallo kusa da abin tunawa, an buɗe kyakkyawan ra'ayi na matakalar Chkalovskaya. Wataƙila an fi saninta fiye da Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. An gina matakalar a 1949 kuma asalinsa yana dauke da sunan Stalingrad (don girmama yakin Stalingrad). Af, mazaunan garin da kame Jamusawa sun gina ta da hanyar "ginin mutane". Matakalar tana kama da lamba takwas kuma tana da matakai 442 (kuma idan kuka kirga matakalar a bangarorin biyu na adadin takwas, zaku sami adadi na matakai 560). A kan matakalar Chkalovskaya ne ake samun mafi kyawun hotuna a cikin birni.
Hasumiyar Kremlin
George hasumiya... Abu ne mai sauki a isa shi daga abin tunawa na Chkalov. Yanzu shine babbar hasumiya ta Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, kuma da zarar ta kasance ƙofar ƙofa, amma tuni shekaru 20 bayan fara gini, an saukar da baƙin ƙarfe kuma an rufe hanyar. Ginin ya fara ne a cikin 1500, sanannen ɗan Italiyan nan Pyotr Fryazin ko Pietro Francesco ne ya kula da aikin, wanda ya zo Nizhny Novgorod daga Moscow kai tsaye daga ginin Kremlin na Moscow.
Ginin ya sami sunansa ne don girmama cocin da ba a kiyaye shi ba na St. George the Nasara. Idan kun lura da kyau, ya zama a fili yake cewa yanzu masu yawon bude ido basa ganin tsaunin duka, amma kawai ɓangarensa na sama. Filledasa ya cika yayin gina matakalar Chkalovskaya.
An yiwa cocin kwalliya sosai. Anan, a farkon karni na 20, gumakan gumaka (alal misali, Odigitria Smolenskaya) da bishara an kiyaye su.
Hakanan akwai fasalin asalin sunan: wasu sun gaskata cewa an sa masa suna ne bayan wanda ya kafa garin, Yarima Yuri Vsevolodovich, a cikin Orthodoxy George. Zai yiwu, ba da nisa da wurin da Georgievskaya ke tsaye yanzu ba, a cikin 1221 akwai "hasumiyar tafiya" ta yarima.
Arsenalnaya (Foda) Tower da Prolomnye Gates... Bugu da ari, duk yawon bude ido suna zuwa kofofin Prolomny, wadanda ba su da nisa da Hasumiyar Arsenal. Sunan wannan hasumiyar ta Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin baya buƙatar bayani, don an daɗe da adana makamai a nan: an adana makamai, bindiga, bindigogi da sauran abubuwa masu amfani yayin ayyukan soja.
Ba da nisa da Prolomnye Gates ba ne fadar gwamnoni, wacce aka gina a shekarar 1841 bisa umarnin Nicholas I. Wani lokaci a wani lokaci, A. N. Muravyov, tsohon mayaudari ne wanda aka yi ƙaura zuwa Siberia kuma ya dawo daga can. Alexander Nikolaevich ne ya gabatar da Alexander Dumas, wanda ya isa Nizhny Novgorod, tare da I. Annenkov da matarsa, 'yar asalin Faransa P. Gebl (I. Annenkov sanannen ɗan yaudarar ne da aka yi ƙaura a Siberia, Gebl ita ce matar gama-gari wacce ta bar shi, wanda daga baya ta zama ɗayan jarumai mata) waka ta A. Nekrasov "matan Rasha"). Labarin soyayya na wadannan mutane biyu ya burge marubucin, kuma ya sanya su gwarazan littafinsa na gaba mai suna "Malamin Kwana". Tun 1991 gidan kayan gargajiya yake a Gidan Gwamna.
Hasumiyar Dmitrievskaya... Mafi yawan gaske kuma an kawata shi da kyau. Ita ma tana tsakiya. An lasafta shi don girmamawa ga St. Dmitry Thessaloniki. Cocin, wanda aka tsarkake shi da sunansa, yana a ƙasan bene na hasumiyar. Abin baƙin cikin shine, a cikin ƙarni na 18 an rufe ta da ƙasa kuma ta ɓace, amma an sake gina ta a ƙarshen karni na 19 kuma an ƙirƙiri gidan kayan gargajiya a saman benaye.
Yawon shakatawa na ganuwar Kremlin ya fara daga Hasumiyar Dmitrievskaya. Akwai damar da za a zagaye ta, koya tarihi, saurari tatsuniyoyi game da ƙasar Nizhny Novgorod. Za'a iya ɗaukar yawon shakatawa daga 10:00 zuwa 20:00 (Mayu zuwa Nuwamba).
Ma'aji da Nikolskaya hasumiya... Sun fi Dmitrievskaya ƙanana, amma labarinsu ba mai ƙarancin sha'awa bane. Wurin adana ya kasance sito ɗaya inda aka adana abinci da ruwa, wanda ana iya buƙata yayin kewayewa.
Wurin ajiye kayan abinci zagaye ne, a cikin dogon tarihinsa ya canza sunaye da yawa: Alekseevskaya, Tverskaya, Tseikhgauznaya.
An saka sunan Nikolskaya bayan tsohuwar coci da ta ɓace a ƙarni na 17 zuwa 18. A cikin 2015, Ikilisiyar Nikolskaya a cikin salon salon Pskov-Novgorod an gina shi a kusa da Nikofar Nikolsky.
Hasumiyar Koromyslov... Wani labari mai ban sha'awa yana da alaƙa da wannan hasumiyar kudu maso yamma na Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, wanda ke ba da labarin yadda wata matashiyar Nizhny Novgorod ta “ɗora” ƙungiyoyin abokan gaba biyu tare da karkiya. A dabi'a, yarinyar ta mutu, kuma mazaunan Nizhny Novgorod, waɗanda suka shuɗe abokan gaba, suka binne ta da girmamawa a ƙarƙashin bangon hasumiyar. Akwai abin tunawa kusa da bangonsa, wanda ke nuna yarinya da karkiya.
Hasumiyar Taynitskaya... Da zarar akwai wata hanyar sirri daga gareta zuwa Kogin Pochayna. Ganuwar wancan lokacin suna da hanyoyi na sirri zuwa cikin ruwa don kada waɗanda aka kewaye su kada su mutu da ƙishirwa. Wannan hasumiyar kuma tana da wani suna - Mironositskaya akan kore. An buɗe ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa game da haikalin daga sama: Alexander Nevsky, Iliya annabi, Girman Kazan na Uwar Allah.
Hasumiyar Arewa... Akwai ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki game da kogin, dandalin "Skoba" (Hadin Kan Kasa na zamani), Ikilisiyar Haihuwar Yahaya Maibaftisma, suna tsaye a kan tsohuwar Pananan Posad. Akwai wata tatsuniya wacce a kanta aka kafa ta a shafin mutuwar yariman Tatar, wanda ke ƙoƙarin ɗaukar Nizhny Novgorod.
Hasumiyar agogo... Wannan ɗayan shahararrun gine-gine ne na Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Da zarar akwai "agogon yaƙi", ma'ana, agogo mai ban mamaki, mai kera agogo ne ke sarrafa injiniyar. Kuma ba a raba bugun kiran ba zuwa 12, amma a cikin sassa 17. Abun takaici, agogo da kuma aikin yanzu sun ɓace, amma hasumiyar har yanzu tana da daraja, musamman bukkar agogo. Da zarar akwai hanyar wucewa tsakanin Arewa da Hasumiyar Tsaro, wanda ta hanyar waka ake bi. Abu ne mai sauki zuwa Nizhniy Posad akan sa. Na farko funular an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1896.
Hasumiyar Ivanovskaya... Wannan ita ce babbar hasumiya a cikin Kremlin, kuma masana tarihi da yawa sun gaskata cewa daga can ne aka fara ginin ta. Yawancin labarai da labarai da yawa suna da alaƙa da shi, amma babban abu ba wannan ba ne, amma gaskiyar cewa ta kasance kusa da ganuwarta, a taron majalisar Ivanovo, cewa Kuzma Minin ya karanta wa mutanen Nizhny Novgorod wasiƙun na Patriarch Hermogenes, wanda ke mutuwa saboda yunwa a cikin Moscow sandunan sandar. Wannan taron ya zama farkon farawa don 'yantar da Rasha da ƙarshen Lokacin matsaloli. An nuna wannan taron a cikin zanen da K. Makovsky "peararrakin Minin zuwa Nizhny Novgorod", wanda yanzu yake a cikin Art Museum na garin.
Farin Hasumiya... Babu wani ɗan yawon buɗe ido da ya gano yadda ake zuwa wurin. Zamu iya cewa wannan daidaitaccen binciken Kremlin ne. Sunan ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa an gina shi ba daga jan dutse ba, amma daga farin farar ƙasa. Da zarar duk Nizhniy Novgorod Kremlin ya kasance fari, amma fenti ya daɗe da faɗuwa daga ganuwar.
Daga cikin kwararrun da suka san wani suna, Simeonovskaya, akwai ra'ayin cewa sunan "fari" yana hade da gaskiyar cewa hasumiyar tana tsaye ne a kan kasa wacce ta taba mallakar gidan sufi na St. Simeon Stylite, wanda aka lalata a karni na 18. Galibi ana kiran filayen mallakar gidajen surai "farare", ma'ana, ba tare da harajin jihohi ba.
Haɗawa da kuma Borisoglebskaya hasumiya... Wadannan gine-ginen biyu na Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin ba su wanzu ba har zuwa karni na 20. An lalata su da zaftarewar kasa. A karni na 20, lokacin da aka sake sake ginin Kremlin, sai aka fara dawo da hasumiyoyin, ana kokarin ba su asalin su. Aikin maidowa ya ci gaba fiye da shekaru 60 kuma, duk da matsalolin, an sami Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin daga halaka.
Wani labari yana da alaƙa da Belaya da Zachatskaya. Ya ƙunshi soyayyar wani Danilo Volkhovets ga Nastasya Gorozhanka, da kishin ginin Giovanni Tatti, da kisan juna da mutane masu kishi suke yi. Kamar yadda labari ya nuna, an gina farar hasumiya a inda kabarin Daniel yake, sannan an gina wani mai ja, Zachatyevskaya a wurin da aka binne Tatti.
A cikin Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: abin da za a gani
Wata Gateofar Prolomnye tana tsakanin Ivanovskaya da Hasumiyar Tsaro. Ta hanyar su zaku iya zuwa yankin Kremlin. Akwai gine-gine iri daban-daban a ciki, amma akwai 'yan ƙalilan na gaske, ingantattu. Yana da kyau a kula da:
Gidajen tarihi da nune-nunen
Gidajen tarihi da yawa suna aiki a yankin Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin:
- "Hasumiyar Dmitrievskaya" - baje kolin da aka keɓe don tarihin Kremlin (buɗe: daga 10:00 zuwa 17:00);
- "Hasumiyar Ivanovskaya" - an ba da bayanin ne ga Lokacin matsaloli (buɗe: daga 10:00 zuwa 17:00);
- "Hasumiyar ceptionira" - duk abubuwan da masu binciken kayan tarihi suka gano suna nan (buɗe: daga 10:00 zuwa 20:00);
- Hasumiyar Nikolskaya (tashar kallo).
Duk ofisoshin tikiti sun daina aiki mintina 40 kafin rufe gidajen kayan tarihi da nune-nunen.
Farashin ba su da yawa, akwai ragi ga yara da tsofaffi. Ana ɗaukar hoto da bidiyo harbi daban.
Idan ana so, zaku iya siyan tikiti guda zuwa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Ya haɗa da ziyartar dukkan hasumiyoyi guda uku da yawo tare da bango. Ga dangi, irin wannan tikitin shine ainihin tanadi.
Gidan kayan gargajiya shima ya cancanci ziyarar. Akwai abubuwan nune-nunen dubu 12 a cikin tarin nasa. Gidan awoyi na aiki: daga 10:00 zuwa 18:00 kowace rana, banda Litinin.
Yadda ake zuwa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
Kuna iya zuwa Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin daga tsakiyar tashar garin ta ƙananan motoci No. 34, 134, 171, 172, 81, 54, 190, 43. Tsaya a Minin Square, ƙofar ta Hasumiyar Dmitrievskaya.
Hakanan zaka iya zuwa Kremlin ta cikin hasumiyar Ivanovskaya da Severnaya daga gefen Tashar Kogin, amma matafiya zasu sami hawan dutse mai tsayi.
Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin wuri ne na musamman, na ban mamaki. Yawancin masana tarihi sun yarda cewa manyan dukiyar suna ajiye a ɓoye. Wuraren da ke karkashin kasa, wurare, dakunan da ba a gani - duk wannan abu ne na gaske kuma, tabbas, akwai wurin zama. Wataƙila ya kasance a wani wuri a kan yankin Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin cewa an ɓoye babban laburaren labaru na Sophia Paleologue ko laburaren Ivan mai ban tsoro.
