Kazan Cathedral shine ɗayan shahararrun wuraren tarihi a cikin St. Yana cikin manyan gidajen ibada a cikin birni kuma tsoffin tsarin gine-gine ne. Daga cikin abubuwan tarihin da ke gaban haikalin B. I. Orlovsky an saka siffofi guda biyu - Kutuzov da Barclay de Tolly.
Tarihin halittar Kazan Cathedral a St. Petersburg
Ginin babban cocin ya faro ne a cikin karni na 19 kuma ya dauki tsawon shekaru 10, daga shekarar 1801 zuwa 1811. An gudanar da aiki a wurin da aka lalata Nativity na Ikilisiyar Theotokos. Sanannen mutum a wancan lokacin an zaɓi A.N. Voronikhin a matsayin mai zanen gini. Kayan gida kawai aka yi amfani dasu don aikin: farar ƙasa, dutse, marmara, dutse Pudost. A cikin 1811, tsarkake haikalin ƙarshe ya faru. Bayan watanni shida, gunkin Kazan na Uwar Allah, wanda ya shahara wajen ƙirƙirar mu'ujizai, an sauya masa wurin ajiya.
A cikin shekarun mulkin Soviet, wanda ke da mummunan ra'ayi ga addini, abubuwa da yawa masu tsada (azurfa, gumaka, abubuwan cikin gida) an cire su daga cocin. A cikin 1932, an rufe shi gaba ɗaya kuma bai riƙe sabis ba har rugujewar USSR. A cikin 2000, an ba ta matsayin babban coci, kuma shekaru 8 daga baya, an yi bikin bautar na biyu.
Short bayanin
An gina haikalin ne don girmama gunkin Kazan mai ban al'ajabi na Uwar Allah, wanda shine mafi mahimmancin wurin ibada. Mawallafin aikin ya bi tsarin gine-ginen "Daular", yana kwaikwayon majami'u na Daular Rome. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa an kawata mashigar Kazan Cathedral da kyakkyawan falon da aka tsara a cikin fasalin zagaye-zagaye.
Ginin ya miƙa mita 72.5 daga Yamma zuwa Gabas da kuma 57 daga Arewa zuwa Kudu. An nada kambin sarauta tare da dome wanda yake kusa da ƙasa mita 71.6. Wannan rukunin ya cika da pilasters da zane-zane da yawa. Daga gefen Nevsky Prospect ana gaishe ku da zane-zane na Alexander Nevsky, St. Vladimir, Andrew na Farko da Yahaya Maibaftisma. Kai tsaye saman kawunansu akwai bas-reliefs wanda ke nuna al'amuran rayuwar rayuwar Uwar Allah.
A kan facade na haikalin akwai ginshiƙai masu shafi shida tare da "Ganin Duk Ido" bas-relief, waɗanda aka yi musu ado da zinare masu kusurwa uku. An yi ado duka ɓangaren na sama da ɗakunan soro mai ƙarfi. Siffar ginin kanta tana kwafin siffar gicciyen Latin. Manyan masarauta sun cika hoton baki ɗaya.
Babban dakin babban cocin ya kasu kashi uku (farfajiyoyi) - gefe da tsakiya. Ya yi kama da basilica na Roman a cikin sifa. M ginshikan dutse bauta a matsayin bangare. Akunan rufin sun wuce tsayin mita 10 kuma an yi musu ado da walƙiya. An yi amfani da Alabaster don ƙirƙirar abin yarda a cikin aikin. An shimfiɗa falon da mosaic marmara mai ruwan hoda-mai ruwan hoda. Mumbari da bagade a cikin Kazan Cathedral suna da yankuna tare da ma'adini.
Babban cocin yana dauke da dutsen kabarin shahararren shugaban soja Kutuzov. An kewaye shi da wani lattice wanda mai zanen gine-ginen nan Voronikhin ya tsara. Hakanan akwai makullin biranen da suka faɗi ƙarƙashin sa, sandunan marshal da kyaututtuka daban-daban.
Ina babban cocin yake
Kuna iya samun wannan jan hankalin a adireshin: St. Petersburg, a dandalin Kazanskaya, gida mai lamba 2. Tana kusa da Griboyedov Canal, a gefe ɗaya yana kewaye da Nevsky Prospekt, kuma a ɗayan - ta Dandalin Voronikhinsky. Titin Kazanskaya yana nan kusa. A cikin tafiyar minti 5 akwai tashar jirgin karkashin kasa "Gostiny Dvor". Hanya mafi ban sha'awa na babban coci yana buɗewa daga gefen gidan cin abinci na Terrace, daga nan ya yi kama da hoton.
Menene ciki
Baya ga babban wurin bauta na gari (Ginin Kazan na Uwar Allah), akwai ayyuka da yawa da shahararrun masu zane-zane na ƙarni 18-19 suka yi. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Sergey Bessonov;
- Lavrenty Bruni;
- Karl Bryullov;
- Basin Basin;
- Vasily Shebuev;
- Grigory Ugryumov.
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan masu fasaha sun ba da gudummawa ga zanen gumakan bangon da bango. Sun dauki aikin abokan aikin Italiya a matsayin tushe. Duk hotunan suna cikin tsarin ilimi. Yanayin "akingaukar Budurwa zuwa Sama" ya zama mai ban mamaki musamman. Abin sha'awa a cikin Kazan Cathedral shine sabunta iconostasis, wanda aka kawata shi da kwalliya.
Amfani masu amfani ga baƙi
Ga abin da ya kamata ku sani:
- Farashin tikiti - ƙofar babban coci kyauta ne.
- Ana gudanar da ayyuka kowace rana.
- Awanni na budewa - a ranakun mako daga 8:30 na safe har zuwa ƙarshen hidimar yamma, wanda ya faɗi akan 20:00. Yana buɗe sa'a ɗaya kafin Asabar zuwa Lahadi.
- Akwai damar yin odar bikin aure, baftisma, panikhida da hidimar sallah.
- A cikin yini, akwai firist da ke aiki a babban cocin, wanda za a iya tuntuɓar sa a duk abubuwan da suka shafi damuwa.
- Mata yakamata su sanya siket da ke ƙasa da gwiwa kuma a lulluɓe da mayafin kai a cikin haikalin. Ba a maraba da kayan shafawa ba.
- Kuna iya ɗaukar hotuna, amma ba yayin sabis ba.
Akwai balaguro daban-daban da na ɗaiɗaikun mutane a kewayen babban cocin kowace rana, tsawan mintuna 30-60. Don ba da gudummawa, ana iya aiwatar da su ta ma'aikatan haikalin, babu wani takamaiman tsari a nan. Shirin ya hada da sani da tarihin haikalin, duba wuraren bautar sa, kayan tarihi da kuma gine-gine. A wannan lokacin, baƙi ba za su yi magana da ƙarfi ba, suna damun wasu kuma suna zaune a kan benci. Ban da ke cikin Kazan Cathedral an yi shi ne kawai don tsofaffi da mutanen da ke da nakasa.
Muna ba da shawarar ganin Cathedral na Hagia Sophia.
Jadawalin ayyuka: liturgy na safe - 7:00, ƙarshen - 10:00, yamma - 18:00.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Tarihin haikalin yana da matukar wadata! Tsohuwar cocin, bayan lalatawar da aka gina sabon Katidral Kazan, ya kasance wurin da manyan abubuwan da suka faru ga Rasha:
- 1739 - Auren Yarima Anton Ulrich da Gimbiya Anna Leopoldovna.
- 1741 - mai girma Catherine II ta ba da zuciyarta ga Emperor Peter III.
- 1773 - bikin auren Gimbiya Hesse-Darmstadt da Paul I.
- 1811 - dawowar rantsuwar sojoji ga Catherine II.
- 1813 - an binne babban kwamanda M. Kutuzov a cikin sabon babban cocin. Kofuna da mabuɗan biranen da suka faɗi ƙarƙashinsa suma suna nan.
- 1893 - aka gudanar da babban mawaki Pyotr Tchaikovsky a cikin Kazan Cathedral.
- 1917 - zaɓe na farko da kaɗai na bishop mai mulki ya faru a nan. Sannan Bishop Benjamin na Gdovsky ya ci nasara.
- A cikin 1921, an tsarkake bagadin gefen lokacin sanyi na Mai Martyr Hermogenes.
Babban cocin ya zama sananne sosai har ma akwai tsabar 25-ruble da ke zagayawa tare da hotonta. An bayar da shi a cikin 2011 ta Bankin Rasha tare da rarraba sassan 1,500. An yi amfani da Zinariya mafi girman daraja, 925, don ƙera ta.
Babban abin sha'awa shine babban wurin bauta na babban coci - gunkin Uwar Allah. A shekarar 1579, wata mummunar gobara ta tashi a Kazan, amma wutar ba ta taɓa gunkin ba, kuma tana nan daram a ƙarƙashin tarin toka. Makonni biyu bayan haka, Mahaifiyar Allah ta bayyana wa yarinyar Matrona Onuchina kuma ta gaya mata ta tono hotonta. Har yanzu ba a san ko wannan kwafi ne ko asali ba.
Ana rade-radin cewa a lokacin Juyin juya halin Oktoba, Bolsheviks sun kwace asalin hoton Uwar Allah daga babban cocin Kazan, kuma an rubuta jerin ne kawai a cikin karni na 19. Duk da wannan, al'ajibai kusa da gunkin suna ci gaba da faruwa lokaci-lokaci.
Katolika na Kazan tsari ne mai matukar mahimmanci ga St. Petersburg, wanda kusan ba zai yuwu a sami analogues ba. Wajibi ne a haɗa shi a cikin yawancin hanyoyin balaguro a cikin St. Abu ne mai mahimmanci na al'adun gargajiya, addini da tsarin gine-ginen Rasha.
