Himalayas ana ɗaukarsu sune mafi girman duwatsu mafi ban mamaki a doron ƙasa. Ana iya fassara sunan wannan tsararru daga Sanskrit a matsayin "ƙasar dusar ƙanƙara". Himalayas suna matsayin mai raba sharaɗi tsakanin Kudanci da Tsakiyar Asiya. Mabiya addinin Hindu suna la'akari da matsayinsu a matsayin ƙasa mai tsarki. Labarai da yawa suna da'awar cewa kololuwar tsaunukan Himalayan mazaunin allah ne Shiva, matarsa Devi da 'yarsu Himavata. Dangane da tsohuwar imani, mazaunin alloli ya haifar da manyan kogunan Asiya guda uku - Indu, Ganges, Brahmaputra.
Asalin Himalayas
Ya ɗauki matakai da yawa don asali da ci gaban tsaunukan Himalaya, wanda ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru 50,000,000. Yawancin masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa an fara farkon Himalayas ne da faranti biyu masu karo da juna.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a halin yanzu tsarin dutsen yana ci gaba da haɓakarsa, samuwar ninkewa. Farantin Indiya yana tafiya arewa maso gabas da saurin 5 cm a kowace shekara, yayin kwangila da 4 mm. Masana suna jayayya cewa irin wannan matakin zai haifar da kara kusanci tsakanin Indiya da Tibet.
Saurin wannan aikin ana kamanta shi ne da haɓakar ƙusoshin mutum. Kari kan hakan, ana lura da tsauraran matakan yanayin kasa sau da yawa a cikin tsaunuka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa - Himalayas sun mamaye babban ɓangaren duka na Duniya (0.4%). Wannan yanki ba shi da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran abubuwan dutse.
A wanne yanki ne Himalayas: bayanan ƙasa
Yawon bude ido da ke shirin tafiya ya kamata su gano inda Himalayas suke. Matsayin su shine yankin Eurasia (ɓangaren Asiya). A arewa, babban maƙwabcinsa shi ne Plateau na Tibet. A hanyar kudu, wannan rawar ta tafi zuwa Tsibirin Indo-Gangetic.
Tsarin tsaunin Himalaya ya kai kilomita 2500, kuma fadinsa ya kai akalla kilomita 350. Jimlar tsararru ita ce 650,000 m2.
Yawancin tuddai na Himalayan suna alfahari da tsayi har zuwa kilomita 6. Matsayi mafi girma yana wakiltar Dutsen Everest, wanda ake kira Chomolungma. Matsakaicin tsayinsa shine 8848 m, wanda shine rikodin tsakanin sauran kololuwar tsauni a doron ƙasa. Tsarin yanayin - 27 ° 59'17 "latitude arewa, 86 ° 55'31" Longitude gabas.
Himalayas sun bazu a ƙasashe da yawa. Ba Sinawa da Indiyawa kawai ba, har da mutanen Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal da Pakistan na iya alfahari da makwabta tare da kyawawan tsaunuka. Yankunan wannan tsaunin suna nan a cikin yankuna na wasu ƙasashen bayan Soviet: Tajikistan ta haɗa da tsaunin arewacin (Pamir).
Halaye na yanayin yanayi
Ba za a iya kiran yanayin yanayi na tsaunukan Himalayan mai laushi da karko ba. Yanayin wannan yanki yana da saurin sauye-sauye sau da yawa. Yankuna da yawa suna da ƙasa mai haɗari da sanyi a wurare masu tsayi. Ko da lokacin rani ne, sanyi yakan sauka zuwa -25 ° C, kuma a lokacin sanyi yana ƙaruwa zuwa -40 ° C. A yankin tsaunuka, guguwar guguwa ba bakuwa ba ce, guskokinsu sun kai 150 km / h. A lokacin bazara da bazara, matsakaita yanayin zafin iska ya tashi zuwa + 30 ° С.
A cikin Himalayas, al'ada ce don rarrabe yanayin 4. Daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni, duwatsu suna cike da ciyawar daji da furanni, kuma iska tana da sanyi da kuma sabo. Daga Yuli zuwa Agusta, ruwan sama ya mamaye duwatsu, mafi yawan ruwan sama ya sauka. A lokacin wadannan watanni na bazara, gangaren tsaunukan tsaunuka suna lulluɓe da ciyayi masu dausayi, hazo yakan bayyana. Yanayi mai ɗumi da kwanciyar hankali ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen Nuwamba, bayan haka lokacin sanyi mai sanyi mai sanyi tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi.
Bayanin duniyar shuka
Ciyawar Himalayan tana ba da mamaki game da bambancinta. A kan gangaren kudu wanda ake yawan yin ruwa, ana iya ganin belin masu tsayi sosai, kuma hakikanin gandun daji (terai) suna girma a gindin tsaunuka. Ana samun manyan bishiyoyi da dazuzzuka a waɗannan wurare. A wasu wurare, ana samun itacen inabi mai yawa, gora, ayaba da yawa, dabino mai ƙarancin girma. Wasu lokuta kan iya samun damar zuwa wuraren da aka tsara don noman wasu amfanin gona. Wadannan wurare galibi mutane suna share su kuma suna zubar da su.
Hawan ɗan ƙarami kaɗan tare da gangaren, zaku iya neman mafaka a wurare masu zafi, coniferous, gauraye gandun daji, wanda a bayansa, biyun makiyaya ne masu kyau A arewacin tsaunin tsauni da kuma a yankunan bushewa, ana samun wakilcin yankin ta hanyar tudu da rabin hamada.
A cikin Himalayas, akwai bishiyoyi waɗanda ke ba mutane katako mai tsada da ƙura. Anan zaku iya zuwa wuraren da dhaka, bishiyoyi masu ƙiba suke girma. A tsawan kilomita 4, ana samun ciyawar tundra a cikin hanyar rhododendrons da mosses a yalwace.
Fauna na gari
Tsaunukan Himalaya sun zama mafaka ga dabbobin da ke cikin hatsari. Anan zaku iya saduwa da wakilan da ba safai ba na fauna na gida - damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara, baƙar fata, baƙar fata. A yankin kudu na tsaunin tsauni, akwai dukkan yanayin da ake buƙata don wurin zama na damisa, damisa da karkanda. Wakilan arewacin Himalayas sun haɗa da doya, dawa, da awaki, da dawakai na daji.
Baya ga mafi yawan furanni da dabbobi, Himalayas suna da yawa a cikin ma'adanai da yawa. A waɗannan wuraren, zinare zinariya, tagulla da tama, kitsen mai, gishirin dutsen, kwal mai ruwan kasa ana haƙo su sosai.
Wuraren shakatawa da kwari
A cikin Himalayas, zaku iya ziyartar wuraren shakatawa da kwari, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu an lasafta su a matsayin wuraren Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO:
- Sagarmatha.
- Nanda Devi.
- Kwarin Flower.
Filin shakatawa na Sagarmatha na ƙasar Nepal ne. Mafi girman ganuwa a duniya, Everest, da sauran manyan tsaunuka ana ɗauke da su ne na musamman.
Nanda Devi Park wata taskar ƙasa ce ta Indiya, wacce ke tsakiyar dutsen Himalayan. Wannan kyakkyawan wurin yana a ƙasan tudun mai suna iri ɗaya, kuma yana da yanki sama da kadada 60,000. Tsayin wurin shakatawa sama da matakin teku bai gaza 3500 ba.
Mafi kyaun wurare na Nanda Devi suna da wakiltar manyan duwatsu masu haske, Rishi Ganga River, da kwarangwal Skeleton Lake, wanda a ciki, bisa ga almara, an gano yawancin mutane da dabbobi. Gabaɗaya an yarda da shi cewa faɗuwar babban ƙanƙara wanda ba a saba gani ba ya haifar da mutuwar mutane.
Kwarin Flower yana can nesa da Nanda Devi Park. Anan, a wani yanki na kusan kadada 9000, shuke-shuke da dama iri-iri suna girma. Fiye da nau'ikan flora 30 da suka kawata kwarin Indiya ana ɗaukarsu cikin haɗari, kuma ana amfani da kusan nau'in 50 don amfanin magani. Tsuntsaye iri-iri suma suna zaune a wadannan wuraren. Mafi yawansu ana iya ganinsu a cikin Littafin Ja.
Gidajen addinin Buddha
Himalayas sun shahara ne da gidajen ibada na addinin Buddha, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna wurare masu nisa, kuma gine-gine ne da aka sassaka daga dutse. Yawancin gidajen ibada suna da dadadden tarihi, har zuwa shekaru 1000, kuma suna jagorantar salon "rufaffiyar". Wasu daga gidajen ibada a bude suke ga duk wanda yake son sanin hanyoyin rayuwar sufaye, kayan cikin gida na tsarkakakkun wurare. Kuna iya yin kyawawan hotuna a cikinsu. An hana ƙofar shiga yankin wasu wuraren bautar ga baƙi.
Muna ba da shawarar duba Harshen Troll.
Babban gidajen ibada da girmamawa sun haɗa da:
Gidan ibada na addini wanda yake da kariya a cikin Himalayas shine Buddhist stupa. Waɗannan abubuwan tarihin sunadarai ne da suka gabata suka gina don girmama muhimmin abu a cikin addinin Buddha, da kuma ci gaba da jituwa a duk duniya.
'Yan yawon bude ido da ke ziyartar Himalayas
Mafi dacewa lokacin tafiya zuwa Himalayas shine lokacin daga Mayu zuwa Yuli da Satumba-Oktoba. A cikin wadannan watannin, masu hutu na iya dogaro da rana da dumi, rashin ruwan sama mai karfi da iska mai karfi. Ga masu sha'awar wasanni na adrenaline, akwai ƙananan wuraren shakatawa na zamani.
A cikin tsaunukan Himalayan, zaku iya samun otal-otal da otal-otal na nau'ikan farashi iri-iri. A cikin bangarorin addini, akwai gidaje na musamman don mahajjata da masu bautar addinin yankin - ashram, waɗanda ke da yanayin rayuwa na zafin rai. Masauki a cikin irin waɗannan wuraren yana da arha, kuma wani lokacin yana iya zama kyauta. Maimakon takamaiman adadin, baƙon na iya ba da gudummawar son rai ko taimako tare da gidan.
