Mawaki, mai fassara, marubuci kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Joseph Brodsky (1940 - 1996) an haife shi kuma ya girma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma ya yi yawancin rayuwarsa ta girma a Amurka. Brodsky shi ne marubucin waƙoƙi mai ƙayatarwa (a cikin Rasha), ingantattun makaloli (galibi cikin Turanci) da ayyukan sauran nau'ikan. A shekarar 1987, ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel ta adabi. A cikin 1972 Brodsky an tilasta shi barin USSR saboda dalilai na siyasa. Ba kamar sauran bakin haure ba, mawakin bai dawo kasarsa ba koda bayan sauyin siyasa. Tsanantawa a cikin 'yan jarida da kuma lokacin kurkuku don cutar rashin lafiyar da aka tsotsa daga yatsa ya bar rauni sosai a cikin zuciyarsa. Koyaya, ƙaura ba ta zama bala'i ga Brodsky ba. Ya buga littattafansa cikin nasara, yayi rayuwa mai kyau kuma ƙyashi bai cinye shi ba. Ga wasu bayanan da aka tsinta daga tattaunawa da labarai daga Brodsky ko abokansa na kusa:
1. Ta hanyar shigar da kansa, Brodsky ya fara rubuta waka tun yana dan shekara 18 (ya bar makaranta yana da shekara 16). An wallafa waƙoƙinsa biyu na farko lokacin da marubucin ya cika shekaru 26. Gaba ɗaya, an wallafa ayyukan mawaƙi 4 a cikin USSR.
2. Brodsky ba da gangan ya shiga zanga-zangar siyasa ko ayyukan jama'a ba - ya gundura. Zai iya yin tunani game da wasu abubuwa, amma ba ya son fara takamaiman ayyuka.
3. Fitattun mawakan mawaki sune Haydn, Bach da Mozart. Brodsky yayi ƙoƙari ya sami sauƙin Mozart a cikin shayari, amma saboda rashin ma'anar ma'ana a cikin waƙa idan aka kwatanta da kiɗa, waƙar ta yi kama da ta yaro, kuma mawaƙin ya dakatar da waɗannan yunƙurin.
4. Brodsky yayi ƙoƙari ya rubuta waƙoƙi a cikin Turanci, amma, don nishaɗin. Bayan wasu ayyuka, batun bai tafi ba.
5. Tantancewa, mawaƙi ya yi imani, yana da fa'ida mai amfani ga ci gaban harshen kamantawa musamman waƙa gabaɗaya. A ka'ida, Brodsky ya ce, tsarin siyasa ba shi da wani tasiri a kan adabin Soviet.
6. A cikin USSR, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyyar kasa, Brodsky ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa yankuna da yawa na Tarayyar Soviet, daga Siberia da Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Asiya ta Tsakiya. Saboda haka, barazanar mai binciken don gudun hijira, inda Makar bai kori 'yan maruƙan ba, ya sanya Brodsky murmushi.
7. Wani lamari mai ban mamaki ya faru a cikin 1960. Brodsky mai shekaru 20 da abokinsa Oleg Shakhmatov sun tashi don satar jirgin sama daga USSR zuwa Iran bayan magana da siyan tikiti don jirgin, batun bai tafi ba (kawai sun soke), amma daga baya Shakhmatov ya fadawa jami'an tsaro game da shirin nasu. A wannan yanayin, ba a gabatar da Brodsky a gaban shari'a ba, amma a shari'ar sun tuna da shi kan zargin parasitism.
8. Duk da cewa Brodsky Bayahude ne kuma ya sha wahala daga wannan fiye da sau ɗaya a makaranta, ya kasance a cikin majami'a sau ɗaya kawai a rayuwarsa, har ma a lokacin ya bugu.
9. Brodsky ya ƙaunaci vodka da wuski daga barasa, yana da halaye mai kyau ga cognac kuma baya iya shafa busassun giya - saboda tsananin zafin rai.
10. Mawakin ya tabbata cewa Yevgeny Yevtushenko ya san game da aniyar hukumomin Soviet don korar shi daga sansanin wata guda da ya gabata. Koyaya, shahararren mawaƙin bai sanar da abokin aikinsa game da wannan ba. Brodsky ya nuna Yevtushenko a matsayin maƙaryaci dangane da abin da shayari ya ƙunsa, kuma Andrei Voznesensky a matsayin maƙaryaci a cikin ilimin sa. Lokacin da aka shigar da Yevtushenko a makarantar koyon aikin Amurka, Brodsky ya bar ta.
11. Anti-Semitism a cikin USSR ya kasance sananne tsakanin marubuta da sauran masu hankali. Da wuya Brodsky ya taɓa haɗuwa da masu adawa da Semites tsakanin masu aiki.
12. Har tsawon watanni shida Brodsky yayi hayar dacha kusa da Leningrad a Komarovo kusa da gidan da Anna Akhmatova take zaune. Mawaƙin bai taɓa faɗin ambatonsa na soyayya ga babban mawaki ba, amma ya yi magana game da ita tare da dusar daɗi mai daɗaɗa rai.
13. Lokacin da Anna Akhmatova ya mutu a 1966, Joseph Brodsky ya halarci jana'izarta - mijinta ya ƙi shiga kungiyar su.
14. Akwai mata da yawa a rayuwar Brodsky, amma Marina Basmanova ta kasance cikin kulawa. Sun sake dawowa cikin USSR a 1968, amma, da yake zaune a cikin Amurka, Brodsky yana tuna Marina koyaushe. Wata rana ya haɗu da wani ɗan jaridar Dutch mai kamanceceniya da Marina, kuma nan da nan ya ba ta shawara. Joseph har ma ya tafi Holland don kwafin Marina, amma ya dawo cikin ɓacin rai - Marina-2 ta riga ta sami masoyi, kuma ita ma mai ra'ayin gurguzu ce.
Marina Basmanova
15. "Wuri mai tsarki ba komai bane," Brodsky ya amsa ga labarin cewa an sake shi daga gidan yari a ranar da aka sanar da kamun Sinyavsky da Daniel.
16. A tsawon shekaru, Yusufu ya fara rubuta waƙoƙi da yawa. Idan a cikin shekarun 1970 daga ƙarƙashin alkalaminsa an buga ayyuka 50-60 kowace shekara, wanda a cikin shekaru 10 da ƙyar 10-15.
17. Marshal GK Zhukov Brodsky ya kira jaririn Mohican na ƙarshe, yana mai gaskata cewa gabatar da tankoki da Zhukov ya yi zuwa Moscow a lokacin bazara na 1953 ya hana juyin mulkin da LP Beria ya yi tunaninsa.
18. Brodsky ya danganta saurin tashi daga USSR tare da ziyarar shugaban Amurka mai zuwa kasar. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, a jajibirin zuwan Richard Nixon, cikin hanzari suka yi kokarin cire duk rashin gamsuwa daga sararin samaniya.
19. A cikin New York, mawaƙin ya ƙaunaci abinci irin na Sin da Indiya. A lokaci guda, ya ɗauki yawancin gidajen cin abinci na Jojiyanci da na Armeniya da ke Amurka a matsayin nau'ikan bambancin abincin Turai na yanzu.
20. Brodsky ya halarci tserewa zuwa Amurka ga shahararren dan rawa ballet Alexander Godunov (daga baya Godunov ya zama sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo). Mawakin ya samarwa dan wasan mafaka a gidan daya daga cikin abokansa, sannan ya taimaka masa a tattaunawar da matarsa Elena, wacce hukumomin Amurka suka hana ta filin jirgin. Kennedy, kuma a cikin karɓar takardun Amurka ta Godunov. Lyudmila Vlasova ta tashi lafiya ta koma ƙasar haihuwarta, inda ta zama mashahurin mawaƙa, wanda ke yin raye-raye don taurari masu tsere da yawa. Elena Iosifovna tana nan da rai. Godunov, shekaru 16 bayan tserewarsa zuwa Amurka, ya mutu sakamakon shan giya mai ɗorewa.
Alexander Godunov da Lyudmila Vlasova. Har yanzu tare ...
21. An yiwa mawakin tiyata ta zuciya biyu. An canza jijiyoyin jini kusa da zuciyarsa, kuma aiki na biyu shine gyaran na farko. Kuma, duk da wannan, Brodsky ya sha kofi har zuwa kwanakin ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya sha sigari, ya cire matatar, ya sha barasa.
22. Yanke shawarar daina shan taba, Brodsky ya koma ga likitan-likitan kwantar da hankali Joseph Dreyfus. Irin waɗannan ƙwararrun a cikin Amurka suna da tsada sosai saboda ayyukansu. Dreyfus ba banda haka. Joseph ya fara rubuta cek na dala 100, sannan kawai nadin ya fara. Maganin sihiri na likitan ya ba da dariya ga Brodsky, kuma bai faɗa cikin mafarkin rashin lafiya ba. Dreyfus ya ɗan damu, sannan ya ce mai haƙuri yana da ƙarfi sosai. Kudin, tabbas, basu dawo ba. Brodsky ya rikice: wane irin karfi mutum zai iya yi wanda ba zai iya daina shan sigari ba?
23. Shekaru da yawa a jere, Brodsky yayi bikin Kirsimeti a Venice. Wannan ya zama wani nau'in al'ada a gare shi. An binne shi a wannan garin na Italiya. Foraunar Italiya ba ta haɗari ba - har ma a lokacin Leningrad na rayuwarsa, mawaƙin ya kasance yana da masaniya da Italiasar Italiya waɗanda suka yi karatu a Leningrad a makarantar digiri. Gianni Buttafava ne da kamfaninsa waɗanda suka cusa wa mawaƙin Rasha kaunar Italiya. An binne tokar Brodsky a Venice.
24. Sanarwar bayar da lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin adabi ta samo Brodsky ne a Landan a lokacin cin abincin rana tare da shahararren maigidan mai binciken John Le Carré.
25. A Bikin Ball na Nobel na 1987, Brodsky ya yi rawa tare da Sarauniyar Sweden.
26. Brodsky yayi imani cewa mawaƙi mai mahimmanci bazaiyi farin ciki da sanya rubutunsa cikin waƙa ba. Ko da daga takarda, yana da wuyar gaske don isar da abin da aikin waƙa ya ƙunsa, kuma ko da ana yin kiɗan ma yayin aikin baka ...
27. Aƙalla a waje, Brodsky ya kasance mai ban dariya game da shahararsa. Galibi yakan kira ayyukansa "stishats". Americanaliban Amurka ne kawai suka kira shi da suna da sunan uba, suna son yi wa farfesa wayo. Duk wanda ke kusa da shi ya kira mawaki da suna, kuma shi da kansa ya kan nanata mahimmancin masu kirkirar abubuwan da suka gabata, yana kiransu "Alexander Sergeich" (Pushkin) ko Fyodor Mikhalych ("Dostoevsky).
28. Brodsky yayi waka sosai. A cikin Amurka, a cikin ƙananan kamfanoni, da wuya ya raira waƙa - ba a yarda da matsayinsa ba. Amma a cikin gidan abincin "Rasha Samovar", rabon da mai waƙar ya mallaka, wani lokacin ya ɗauki makirufo, ya fita zuwa piano kuma ya rera waƙoƙi da yawa.
29. Da zarar, dama kasancewar shi kyautar Nobel, Brodsky yana neman gidaje (a cikin gidan da ya gabata, duk da gargadin da abokai suka yi masa, ya sanya dubun dubatar daloli a gyara, kuma an fitar dashi lafiya a kan titi a farkon dama). Ya so ɗayan gidajen da ke kusa da gidan da ya gabata. Sunan "Joseph Brodsky" bai ce komai ga mai gidan ba, kuma ya fara tambayar Joseph ko yana da aikin da yake na dindindin, shin zai je fati ne da dai sauransu, da dai sauransu. Dala 1,500, kuma dole ne ka biya watanni uku a lokaci ɗaya. Ana shirin ciniki, maigidan ya ji kunya ƙwarai lokacin da Brodsky nan da nan ya rubuta masa rajistan. Da yake jin laifi, maigidan ya tsabtace gidan a ƙofar Brodsky, wanda ya haifar da rashin jin daɗin baƙon - a cikin ƙura da sakar gizo, sabon mazaunin ya tunatar da shi tsoffin gidajen Turai.
30. Tuni a cikin 1990s, lokacin da Brodsky ya cika da tayin komawa ƙasarsa, wani aboki ya taɓa ɗaukar hoton shiga a St. Petersburg inda mawaƙin ya rayu. A bangon akwai rubutu cewa babban mawaƙin Rasha Brodsky yana zaune a gidan. A saman kalmomin "mawaƙin Rasha" an rubuta da gaba gaɗi "Bayahude". Mawakin bai taba zuwa Rasha ba ...
