Duniyar furanni ba ta da iyaka. Wani mutum wanda ya kirkiri sabbin dubunnan sabbin furanni, ba tare da samun lokacin bayanin wadanda ake dasu ba, ya kara kokarinsa ga halittu iri daban-daban na kyawawan furanni. Kuma, kamar kowane abu ko wani abu wanda ya daɗe yana tare da mutum, furanni suna da nasu tarihin da tatsuniyoyi, alamomi da almara, fassara da ma siyasa.
Dangane da haka, adadin bayanan da ake samu game da launuka babban abu ne. Kuna iya magana game da fure guda ɗaya tsawon awanni kuma ku yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa. Ba tare da yin kamar mun rungumi girman ba, mun sanya shi a cikin wannan tarin ba sanannun sanannun ba, amma abubuwan ban sha'awa da labarai masu alaƙa da furanni.
1. Kamar yadda kuka sani, lily ta kasance a Faransa alama ce ta ikon sarauta. Sandar sarakunan tana da lu'ulu'u mai kamannin lily, an zana furen a jikin tutar jihar, tutocin sojoji da hatimin jihar. Bayan Babban juyin juya halin Faransa, sabuwar gwamnati ta soke duk alamomin jihar (sababbin hukumomi koyaushe suna da son yaƙi da alamu). Lily ta ɓace daga amfani da jama'a kusan gaba ɗaya. Ta ci gaba da amfani da ita ne kawai don bayyana masu laifi. Don haka, idan Milady daga littafin "The Musketeers Three" ya sami gamsuwa daga hukumomin masu neman sauyi, to kyamar tsohuwar gwamnatin ba za ta canza ba.
Yanayin banƙyama na jarfa na zamani ya taɓa zama la'ana ta sarauta
2. Turner - dangin tsire-tsire masu yawan gaske, wanda ya haɗa da ciyawa, shrubs da bishiyoyi. Iyalan dangi iri 10 da jinsuna 120 an sanya musu suna bayan fure mai juyawa (wani lokacin ana amfani da sunan “juya”). Furen da ke tsiro a cikin Antilles an gano shi a karni na 17 ta hannun masanin botan Faransa Charles Plumier. A waccan shekarun, masana kimiyyar tsirrai da ke aiki a wannan fagen ana daukar su 'yan kadan ne daga masana kimiyya masu kujera da ke aikin "tsarkakakken" kimiyya. Saboda haka, Plumier, wanda ya kusan mutuwa a cikin dajin Yammacin Indiya, a matsayin alamar girmamawa, ya sa wa furen da ya gano don girmama “mahaifin tsirrai na Ingilishi” William Turner. Cancantar Turner a gaban ilimin tsirrai a gaba ɗaya kuma musamman Ingilishi ita ce, ba tare da barin ofishinsa ba, ya taƙaita kuma ya haɗa a cikin ƙamus ɗaya sunayen yawancin jinsunan tsire-tsire a cikin yare daban-daban. Charles Plumier ya ambaci wani tsire, begonia, don girmamawa ga mai tallafa masa, shugaban kwastan (shugaban) rundunar, Michel Begon. Amma Begon, aƙalla, ya yi tafiya zuwa Yammacin Indiya da kansa kuma ya buga tsire-tsire a wurin, yana ganin su a gabansa. Kuma Begonia a Rasha tun 1812 ana kiranta "kunnen Napoleon".
Mai juyawa
3. A Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Chile da Ajantina, wani tsiron Aristotelian mai banƙyama ya tsiro, wanda aka sa wa sunan wani tsohon masanin Girka. Wanda ya sanyawa wannan suna suna, ga alama, tun yana yarinta, ya gaji da tsohuwar yaren Girkanci ko dabara ta yau da kullun - 'ya'yan itacen Aristotelia suna da tsananin ɗaci, kodayake har ila yau' yan Chile ɗin sun sami damar yin giya daga gare su. Bugu da kari, ‘ya’yan itacen, wadanda suke fure a gungu kanana fararen furanni, suna da kyau ga zazzabi.
4. Napoleon Bonaparte an san shi mai son violets. Amma can baya a cikin 1804, lokacin da darajar sarki ba ta kai kololuwa ba, itace da ke girma a Afirka tare da kyawawan furanni masu ban mamaki an sa masa suna don girmama shi. Furannin Napoleon ba su da petals, amma akwai layuka uku na stamens waɗanda ke kusa da juna. Launinsu yana canzawa sarai daga fari-rawaya a tushe zuwa ja ja a saman. Kari akan haka, akwai kayan kwalliyar kayan kwalliya wanda ake kira "Napoleon".
5. Kamar yadda sunan patronymic na Rasha, Jamusanci shine suna na biyu. A cikin 1870, masana kimiyyar Jamusawa Joseph Zuccarini da Philip Siebold, suka tsara fulawar Gabas ta Tsakiya, suka yanke shawarar bayar da sunan Sarauniyar Rasha ta Holan Anna Pavlovna ga wata sananniyar bishiya mai manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi. Ya zama cewa an riga ana amfani da sunan Anna. To, ba matsala, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara. Sunan na biyu na sarauniyar da ta mutu kwanan nan shima ba komai bane, kuma ana kiran bishiyar Pawlovnia (daga baya ta rikide zuwa Paulownia). A bayyane, wannan lamari ne na musamman lokacin da aka sanya wa tsirai suna ba da suna na farko ko na ƙarshe ba, amma ta hanyar izinin mutum. Koyaya, Anna Pavlovna ya cancanci irin wannan girmamawar. Ta yi rayuwa mai tsayi da fa'ida nesa da Rasha, amma ba ta taɓa mantawa da mahaifarta ba, ba sarauniya ba, ko kuma bayan mutuwar mijinta. Paulownia, a gefe guda, ba sananne ne sosai a Rasha ba, amma sananne ne sosai a Japan, China da Arewacin Amurka. Itacen yana da sauƙin aiki tare kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai. Ana samar da samfuran abubuwa da yawa daga kwantena zuwa kayan kida daga gare ta. Kuma Jafananci sun yi imanin cewa don rayuwar farin ciki ya kamata a sami kayayyakin paulownia a cikin gida.
Paulownia a cikin furanni
6. A farkon karni na 20, siyar da shagunan filaye na Farisiyawa dari biyar sun kai miliyan 60. Ruman na Rasha ya kai kusan fran 3, kuma kanar na sojojin na Rasha ya karɓi rubles 320 na albashi. Ba'amurken nan Ba'amurke Vanderbild, wanda ya gani a cikin shagon fure shi kaɗai, kamar yadda 'yar kasuwar ta ba da tabbacin, baƙon abu mai yawa a duk Faris, nan da nan ya ba da franc 1,500. Gwamnati, ta kawata birnin don ziyarar Emperor Nicholas II, ta kashe kusan franc 200,000 kan furanni. Kuma kafin jana'izar Shugaba Sadi Carnot, masu noman furannin sun yi arziki da rabin miliyan.
7. Josephaunar Josephine de Beauharnais ga aikin lambu da tsire-tsire ba ta da rai da sunan Lapagere, fure da ke tsiro a cikin Chile kawai. Haɗin da ke tsakanin sunan masarautar Faransa da sunan shukar, ba shakka, ba bayyananne bane. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga wani bangare na sunanta zuwa aure - ya kare a "de la Pageary". Lapazheria itacen inabi ne wanda babba (har zuwa 10 cm a diamita) ja furanni ke girma. An gano shi a farkon ƙarni na 19, kuma bayan fewan shekaru, an yi kiwon Lapazheria a cikin gandun daji na Turai. Saboda siffar 'ya'yan itacen, wani lokacin ana kiranta kokwamba ta Chile.
Lapazheria
8. Don girmama mai mulkin rabin Turai, Charles V na Habsburg, kawai ƙaya ce ta carlin aka sanyawa suna. La'akari da gaskiyar cewa Charles kawai yana da rawanin sarauta sama da goma, ba tare da kirga kambin na sarki ba, to kimanta tsirrai game da rawar da yake takawa a tarihi ya zama ba a raina shi ba.
9. Shahararren ɗan siyasan Ingilishi Benjamin Disraeli, sau ɗaya a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, da ya ga kan ɗayan matan a ƙarshen furannin furannin farko, ya ce waɗannan furannin suna raye. Wani tsohon aboki bai yarda da shi ba kuma ya ba da fare. Disraeli yayi nasara, yarinyar kuwa ta bashi fulawa. Tun daga wannan rana, a kowane taron, yarinyar ta ba wa mai sha'awar fure na farko. Ba da daɗewa ba kwatsam ta mutu ta cutar tarin fuka, kuma ainihin ya zama fure mai bautar Firayim Minista na Ingila sau biyu. Bugu da ƙari, kowace shekara a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, ranar mutuwar ɗan siyasa, kabarin Disraeli an lulluɓe shi da shimfidar abubuwan share fage. Hakanan akwai League of Primroses, wanda ke da mambobi miliyoyin.
Farawa
10. Mania tulip na Dutch na karni na 17, saboda kokarin masu bincike na zamani, ya zama mai tsabtace tatsuniya fiye da asirin Bermuda Triangle ko hanyar Dyatlov - da alama an tattara bayanai na gaskiya da yawa, amma a lokaci guda, ba su da izinin gina daidaitattun abubuwan abubuwan da suka faru kuma, mafi mahimmanci, sakamakon su. Dangane da wannan bayanan, wasu masu binciken sunyi magana game da durkushewar tattalin arzikin Dutch, wanda ya biyo bayan fashewar kwan fitilar. Wasu kuma suna jayayya cewa tattalin arzikin kasar ya ci gaba da bunkasa ba tare da lura da irin wannan karamin abin ba. Koyaya, shaidar da aka bayar game da musayar gidajen dutse mai hawa biyu zuwa kwan fitila uku ko kuma amfani da kwan fitila maimakon kuɗi a cikin cinikayyar cinikayya ta nuna cewa rikicin bai kasance a banza ba har ma da mawadatan Holland.
11. Don girmama ɗayan kakannin Masarautar Burtaniya, wanda ya kafa Singapore kuma ya ci nasara a tsibirin Java, Stamford Raffles, ana ba da sunayen tsire-tsire da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Da farko dai, wannan shine, tabbas, sanannen rafflesia. An fara gano manyan kyawawan furannin ne ta hanyar balaguron da sanannen Kaftin Raffles ya jagoranta. Dokta Joseph Arnold, wanda ya gano rafflesia na gaba, bai riga ya san game da kaddarorinta ba, kuma ya yanke shawarar faranta wa maigidan rai. A sakamakon haka, ya zama cewa don girmama shahararren malamin adawar siyasa na Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun sanya wa furen da ba shi da tushe da ganye, wanda ke tafiyar da rayuwar keɓaɓɓiyar rayuwa. Wataƙila, suna wa wasu tsirrai da sunan Sir Stamford: Raffles Alpinia, Nepentes Raffles da Raffles Dyschidia, sun yi ƙoƙari su daidaita irin wannan mummunar ƙungiyar ta fure mai ɗanɗano da siyasar mulkin mallaka.
Rafflesia na iya zuwa mita 1 a diamita
12. A zamanin Sarkin Rasha Nikolas I, Janar Klingen ya sami babban umarni don rakiyar Empress Maria Feodorovna zuwa Tsarskoe Selo. Yayin da matar ta kasance a cikin ɗakinta, janar din, mai aminci ga aikinsa, ya je ya duba mukaman. Masu gadin sun gudanar da ayyukansu cikin mutunci, amma janar din ya yi mamakin jami’an tsaron, wadanda ke tsaron wani fili da babu komai a wurin shakatawar, nesa da kujerun har ma da bishiyoyi. Klingen yayi ƙoƙari a banza don samun kowane bayani har sai ya koma St. Petersburg. A can ne kawai, daga ɗayan tsoffin sojan, ya sami labarin cewa Catherine II ta ba da umarnin ne don kula da kyakkyawar fure da aka shirya don jikanta. Mama Empress ta manta da wasikar washegari, kuma masu yi mata hidimar sun jawo wannan madaurin na tsawon shekaru 30.
13. Ba a sawa furen gidan Pushkinia sunan babban mawaƙin Rasha ba. A cikin 1802 - 1803 wani balaguron balaguro yayi aiki a cikin Caucasus, bincika yanayin da hanjin yankin. Shugaban balaguron ya kasance Count A. A. Musin-Pushkin. Masanin ilimin halittu Mikhail Adams, wanda shine farkon wanda ya gano wani dusar ƙanƙara mai ban mamaki tare da wani wari mara daɗi, ya sanya masa suna bayan shugaban balaguron (shin akwai ma'anan maganganu marasa kyau anan ma?). Idaya Musin-Pushkin ya sami fure mai suna, kuma bayan ya dawo, Empress Maria Feodorovna ta gabatar da zobe ga Adams.
Pushkinia
14. Shekaru da yawa a jere, kasuwar furanni a Rasha ta fuskar kuɗi ta canza a yankin dala biliyan 2.6 - 2.7. Wadannan alkaluma ba su hada da shigo da kayayyaki ba bisa doka ba da furannin da ake shukawa a gidaje. Matsakaicin farashin fure ɗaya a cikin ƙasar ya kai kimanin rubles 100, tare da kusan ninki biyu ya bazu tsakanin Crimea da Far East.
15. A shekarar 1834, daya daga cikin manya-manyan masana ilimin tsirrai a tarihi, Augustin Decandol, wanda yake sanya kakakin kasar Brazil da jar furanni, ya yanke shawarar sanya masa sunan shahararren matafiyin Ingilishi kuma masanin lissafi Thomas Harriott. A cikin girmamawa ga wanda ya kirkiro alamomin lissafi "karin" da "kasa" kuma wanda ya fara sayar da dankalin turawa zuwa Burtaniya, an sanyawa murtsattsen mai sunan hariot. Amma tunda Decandol ya ambaci sama da nau'in shuka 15,000 a lokacin aikinsa, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ya ɗauki sunan da aka riga aka yi amfani da shi (shin Decandol ba ɗaya daga cikin samfura ne na mai bautar ƙasa Paganel ba?). Dole ne in yi zane, kuma murtsunguwar ta sami sabon suna - hatiora.
16. Rubutun “Netherlands” akan akwatin furen ba ya nufin furannin da ke cikin akwatin sun girma ne a cikin Holland. Kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na ma'amaloli a kasuwar furannin duniya suna wucewa ta hanyar Royal Flora Holland na musayar kowace shekara. Kayayyaki daga Kudancin Amurka, Asiya da Afirka kusan ana kasuwanci dasu akan musayar filawar Dutch sannan kuma a siyar dasu zuwa ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.
17. Ba'amurke 'yan uwan masana tsirrai na masanin tsirrai a shekara ta 1765 sun gano a jihar Georgia wata bishiyar pyramidal da ba a sani ba da furanni farare da rawaya. ‘Yan’uwan sun dasa tsaba a cikin garinsu na Philadelphia, kuma lokacin da bishiyoyin suka tsiro, sai suka sanya musu suna Benjamin Franklin, babban abokin mahaifinsu. A waccan lokacin, Franklin, wanda har yanzu bai yi fice ba daga sanannun duniya, shine kawai shugaban gidan mulkin mallaka na Arewacin Amurka. 'Yan uwan sun gudanar da dasa Franklinia akan lokaci - nome gonakin mai yawa da cigaban noma ya haifar da cewa bayan wasu shekaru da suka gabata itaciyar ta zama wani nau'in dake cikin hatsari, kuma tun shekara ta 1803 ana iya ganin Franklinia a cikin lambun tsirrai.
Furen Franklinia
18. Musulmai sun sanya ikon tsarkakewar fure. Bayan kame Kudus a 1189, Sultan Saladin ya ba da umarnin a wanke masallacin Omar gaba daya, ya zama coci, da ruwan fure. Domin isar da adadin ruwan fure daga yankin da wardi ke girma, ya dauki rakuma 500. Mohammed II, wanda ya kame Constantinople a shekarar 1453, hakazalika ya tsabtace Hagia Sophia kafin ya mayar da shi masallaci. Tun daga wannan lokacin, a cikin Turkiya, jariran da aka haifa an shayar da su fure ko kuma a lulluɓe da wani siririn ruwan hoda.
19. Fitzroy cypress an sanya masa suna bayan sanannen kyaftin din "Beagle" Robert Fitzroy. Koyaya, jarumin jarumin ba masanin ilimin tsirrai bane, kuma an gano cypress din tun kafin Beagle ya kusanci gabar Kudancin Amurka a 1831. Mutanen Spain din sun kira wannan itacen mai daraja, kusan an datse shi a karshen karni na ashirin, "alerse" ko "Patagonian cypress" a cikin karni na sha bakwai.
Irin wannan cypress zai iya girma na shekaru dubu.
20. Yaƙin Jauhari da Farin Wardi a Ingila, wanda ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru 30 a rabi na biyu na ƙarni na 15, ba shi da alaƙa da furanni. William Shakespeare ne ya kirkireshi gabaɗaya wasan kwaikwayon tare da zaɓin launuka masu fure don ƙa'idodin iyali. A zahiri, masarautar Ingilishi ta yi gwagwarmayar neman kursiyin sarki tsawon shekaru da yawa, tare da tallafa wa dangin Lancaster ko dangin York. Launi mai launin ja da fari a jikin rigar makamai na shugabannin Ingila, a cewar Shakespeare, Henry VI mai tabin hankali ne ya haɗa shi. Bayan shi, yakin ya ci gaba tsawon shekaru, har sai da haramtaccen Lancaster Henry VI na ya hade kasar da ta gaji kuma ya zama wanda ya kafa sabon daular Tudor.
21. Dangane da sauƙin haɗuwa da orchids, zai yi tsayi da yawa don lissafa jinsunan su, waɗanda aka laƙaba wa wasu fitattun mutane. Yana da kyau a lura, wataƙila, cewa an ba da sunan nau'in orchid na daji don girmamawa ga Mikhail Gorbachev. Charactersananan haruffa kamar Jackie Chan, Elton John, Ricky Martin, ko Frida Giannini, darektan kirkirar kamfanin Gucci, dole ne su sasanta kansu don samar da kayan aikin. Giannini, duk da haka, ba ta damu ba: nan da nan ta saki tarin jakuna 88 tare da hoton "ta" orchid, kowannensu ya ci Euro dubu da yawa. Kuma Ba'amurken nan Clint Mackade, bayan da ya kirkiro wani sabon iri, ya fara sanya masa suna ne bayan Joseph Stalin, sannan kuma tsawon shekaru ya nemi Royal Society da su yi rajistar Sunaye don canza sunan orchid zuwa "General Patton".
Elton John tare da wani orchid na musamman
22. Yaƙe-yaƙe na fure da aka yi a jihohin Maya da Aztec a cikin karni na XIV ba, a cikin cikakkiyar ma'anar kalmar, ko dai fure ko yaƙe-yaƙe. A cikin duniyar wayewa ta zamani, waɗannan gasannin ana iya kiransu gasa masu kama fursuna, waɗanda aka gudanar bisa ga wasu ƙa'idodi, a cikin da'irori da yawa. Sarakunan biranen da ke halartar taron sun shawo kan tun farko cewa ba za a yi fashi ko kisa ba. Matasa za su fita zuwa saura kuma su yi faɗa kaɗan, suna ɗaukar fursunoni. Waɗannan, bisa ga al'ada, ana kashe su, kuma bayan lokacin da aka yarda da su komai zai sake maimaitawa. Wannan hanya ta wargaza matasa masu sha'awar dole ne ya so Spaniards sosai, wadanda suka bayyana a nahiyar bayan shekaru 200.
23. Kamar yadda yake a daɗaɗɗar tarihin Girka, karnoni sun bayyana ne bayan allahiya Diana, tana dawowa daga farautar da ba ta yi nasara ba, suka zare idanun wani makiyayi da bai dace ba kuma suka jefar da su ƙasa. A wurin da idanun suka faɗi, furanni ja biyu sun yi girma. Don haka karnukan alama ce ta nuna adawa ga son zuciya na waɗanda ke cikin iko. Dukkan bangarorin sun yi amfani da karniyar sosai a tsawon shekarun juyin juya halin Faransa, sannan sannu a hankali ta zama alama ta duniya na ƙarfin hali da ƙarfin zuciya.
Diana. A wannan lokacin, ga alama, farautar ta yi nasara
24. Sarauniyar Rasha Maria Feodorovna, nee gimbiya 'yar Prussia Charlotte, tana da buri ga furannin masara tun suna yara. Dangane da imanin dangi, furannin masara ne suka taimaka wa mahaifarta ta murmure bayan kayen da Napoleon ya sha da kuma asarar rabin ƙasar.Lokacin da sarauniyar ta sami labarin cewa fitaccen masanin kimiyyar nan Ivan Krylov ya kamu da bugun jini kuma yana gab da mutuwa, sai ta aika wa mara lafiyan da furannin masara kuma ta gayyace shi ya zauna a gidan sarauta. Krylov ya sami murmurewa ta hanyar mu'ujiza kuma ya rubuta tatsuniyar "Cornflower", inda ya nuna kansa a matsayin karyayyen fure, kuma sarauniya a matsayin rana mai ba da rai.
25. Duk da cewa furannin suna sananne sosai a wajan sanarwa, kuma yawancin kasashe suna da furannin kasa, furannin suna da karanci a alamomin hukuma. Hongkong orchid, ko bauhinia, yana ƙawata rigunan makamai na Hong Kong, kuma a tutar ƙasar Mexico, ana nuna murtsattsen dusar kankara. Rigar makamai na jihar Guyana ta Kudancin Amurka tana nuna lili, kuma an yiwa ado na Nepal ado da mallow.
Tutar Gokong
