Whales sune dabbobi mafi girma da suka taɓa rayuwa a duniyarmu. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan ba dabbobi ba ne kawai - a girma, manyan kifayen kifayen teku sun fi ƙarfin dabbobin daji ta kusan tsari na girma - kifi ɗaya ya yi daidai da na giwaye 30. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa hankalin da mutane daga zamanin da suka ba wa waɗannan manyan mazaunan wuraren ruwa. An ambaci Whales a cikin tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki da kuma wasu littattafai da yawa. Wasu Whale sun zama shahararrun 'yan fim, kuma yana da wuya a yi tunanin zane mai ban dariya game da dabbobi da yawa ba tare da kifin whale ba.
Ba duk kifin Whale bane mai girma. Wasu nau'in suna da kwatankwacin girman mutane. Cetaceans sun banbanta sosai a mazauninsu, nau'ikan abinci da halaye. Amma gabaɗaya, fasalinsu na yau da kullun shine cikakken hankali. Dukansu a cikin daji da kuma cikin fursuna, dabbobi suna nuna ikon ilmantarwa mai kyau, kodayake, ba shakka, yaduwar imani a ƙarshen karni na 20 cewa dolphins da whales a cikin hankali na iya kusan zama daidai da mutane ya yi nesa da gaskiya.
Saboda girmansu, Whales sun kasance kwadayin farauta kusan kusan tarihin ɗan adam. Wannan kusan ya shafe su daga doron --asa - masifa tana da fa'ida sosai, kuma a karni na ashirin kuma ya zama kusan mai lafiya. Abin farin, mutane sun sami damar tsayawa cikin lokaci. Kuma yanzu yawan kifayen, kodayake a hankali (Whales suna da ƙananan haihuwa), yana ƙaruwa a kai a kai.
1. Haɗin kan da ke tasowa a cikin tunaninmu tare da kalmar "whale" galibi tana nufin shuɗi, ko shuɗin whale. Babbar jikin ta mai tsayi tare da babban kai da kuma babban ƙaton muƙamuƙi yana da nauyin nauyin tan 120 tare da tsawon mita 25. Mafi girman girman girman girma shine mita 33 kuma sama da tan 150 na nauyi. Zuciyar shuɗin whale tana da nauyin tan kuma harshenta yana ɗaukar tan 4. Bakin kifi whale mai tsawon mita 30 ya ƙunshi ruwa mai tsawon mita 3. A rana, shuɗin whale yana cin tan 6 - 8 na krill - ƙananan ɓawon burodi. Koyaya, baya iya shan babban abinci - faɗin makogwaron sa kawai centimita 10 ne. Lokacin da aka ba da izinin farautar shudayen shuɗi (tun daga 1970s, an hana farauta), an samu tan 27-30 na kitse da tan 60-65 na nama daga gawar mutum mai tsawon mita 30. Kilogiram na shuɗin kifin whale (duk da an hana haƙa ma'adinai) a Japan yakai kimanin $ 160.
2. Vakita, mafi ƙarancin wakilan dabbobi, ana samunsu a arewacin Tekun Kalifoniya, Tekun Pacific. Saboda kamanceceniyarsu da wani nau'in, ana kiransu California porpoises, kuma saboda halayen baƙar fata da ke kewaye da idanu, pandas na teku. Vakita mazauna teku ne masu rufin asiri. An gano wanzuwar su ne a ƙarshen 1950s, lokacin da aka sami kokon kai da yawa da ba a saba gani ba a gabar yammacin Amurka. An tabbatar da wanzuwar mutane masu rai kawai a cikin 1985. Ana kashe dozin da yawa a cikin ragar kamun kifi kowace shekara. Wannan jinsi yana daya daga cikin kusan 100 wadanda suke kusa da bacewar dabbobi a Duniya. An kiyasta cewa 'yan dozin kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halittar da ke saura a cikin ruwan Tekun Kalifoniya. Matsakaicin vakit yana girma har zuwa mita 1.5 a tsayi kuma yana da nauyin kilo 50-60.
3. Zane da aka samo a kan duwatsu na ƙasar Norway suna nuna farautar kifin kifi. Wadannan zane-zane sunkai akalla shekaru 4,000. A cewar masana kimiyya, da yawa akwai kifayen ruwa a arewacin ruwa a lokacin, kuma farautar su ta fi sauƙi. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa mutanen d hunt a suna farautar irin waɗannan dabbobi masu muhimmanci. Mafi yawan wadanda ke cikin hadarin sun kasance sumammun kifayen kifin whale - jikinsu yana da kitse sosai. Wannan duka yana rage motsi na kifin Whale kuma yana ba gawarwakin kwarin gwiwa - gawar kifin whale da aka kashe yana da tabbacin ba zai nitse ba. Tsoffin 'yan kifin whalers da alama suna farautar kifin Whale don naman su - kawai ba sa buƙatar mai yawa. Hakanan watakila sunyi amfani da fatar kifin whale da whalebone.
4. Grey Whales tun daga ciki har zuwa haihuwar kyanwa ta yi iyo kimanin kilomita dubu 20 a cikin teku, tana kwatanta wata da'irar da ba ta dace ba a arewacin rabin Tekun Fasifik. Yana daukar su daidai shekara guda, kuma wannan shine tsawon lokacin da ciki yayi. Yayin da ake shirin saduwa, maza ba sa nuna gaba ga juna kuma suna mai da hankali ga mace kawai. Hakanan, mace na iya yin kwafi tare da whales da yawa bi da bi. Bayan sun haihu, mata na yawan tashin hankali kuma suna iya kaiwa jirgin ruwa kusa - duka kifayen ba su da gani sosai, kuma ana jagorantar su ta hanyar bazuwar wuri. Whale mai launin toka kuma yana cin abinci ta asali - yana huce tekun da ke zurfin mita biyu, yana kama ƙananan halittu masu rai.
5. icsarfin tasirin whaling yana tattare ne da neman yawan jama'a na kifayen ruwa da haɓaka ci gaban ginin jirgi da kuma hanyar kamawa da kuma yankan kifayen. Bayan da suka fyau kifin daga gabar Turai, mahautan a ƙarni na 19 suka sake motsawa zuwa Arewacin Atlantika. Sannan ruwan Antarctic ya zama cibiyar farautar kifin kifi, sannan daga baya masunta suka tattara kansu a Tekun Pasifik ta Arewa. A cikin layi daya, girman da ikon sarrafa jiragen ruwa ya karu. An ƙirƙira kuma an gina tushe na shawagi - jiragen ruwa waɗanda ba sa cikin farauta, amma a cikin kifi whales da aikinsu na farko.
6. Babban muhimmin ci gaba a ci gaban kamun kifi whale shine ƙirƙirar bindiga da harbeon iska mai dauke da abubuwa masu fashewa ta Sven Foyn dan ƙasar Norway. Bayan 1868, lokacin da Foyne ya kirkiri abubuwan da ya kirkira, kusan masanan ruwa sun halaka. Idan tun da farko za su iya yin gwagwarmaya don rayukansu tare da whalers, waɗanda da harboonsu na hannu kusa da yadda ya kamata, yanzu mahautan ba tare da tsoro ba sun harbi ƙattai daga teku dama daga jirgin kuma suka buge jikinsu da iska mai matsewa ba tare da tsoron kar gawa ta nutsar ba.
7. Tare da ci gaban gaba ɗaya na kimiyya da fasaha, zurfin sarrafa gawarwakin kifin Whale ya ƙaru. A farko, kitse, whalebone, spermaceti da amber ne kawai aka ciro daga gare ta - abubuwan da suka zama dole a cikin kayan kamshi. Jafananci suma sun yi amfani da fata, kodayake ba ta da karko sosai. Sauran sauran gawawwakin an jefa su a cikin ruwa kawai, suna jan hankalin manyan kifayen kifayen. Kuma a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin, zurfin sarrafawa, musamman a cikin jiragen ruwa na Soviet, ya kai 100%. Jirgin ruwa na Antarctic whaling flotilla "Slava" ya haɗa da jiragen ruwa dozin biyu. Ba wai kawai suka farautar kifin whale ba, amma har ma suna yanka gawawwakinsu. Naman ya daskare, jinin ya huce, kasusuwa suka zama gari. A wata tafiya guda ɗaya, flotilla ya kama kifin Whale 2,000. Ko da tare da hakar 700 - 800 whales, flotilla ya kawo har zuwa miliyan 80 rubles a cikin riba. Wannan ya kasance a cikin 1940s da 1950s. Daga baya, jirgin ruwan Tarayyar Soviet ya zama mafi zamani da fa'ida, ya zama shugabannin duniya.
8. Farautar kifin Whale a jiragen ruwa na zamani ya ɗan bambanta da irin farautar da aka yi ƙarni ɗaya da ta gabata. Shipsananan jiragen ruwa masu kifin jirgin ruwa suna kewaya tushen jirgin ruwa don neman ganima. Da zaran an ga kifin whale, sai umarnin whaler ya wuce zuwa harpooner, wanda aka sanya ƙarin wurin sarrafawa a kan bakan jirgin. Mai harboron ya kawo jirgin kusa da kifi whale kuma ya harbe harbi. Lokacin da aka buge, kifin Whale ya fara nitsewa. Ana biya diyyarta ta hanyar hadadden maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan ƙarfe waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar ɗamarar sarkar. Maɓuɓɓugan suna taka rawar gani a kan sandar kifi. Bayan mutuwar whale, ana zazzage gawarsa nan da nan zuwa tushe, ko kuma a bar ta cikin teku ta hannun buoy na SS, ana watsa abubuwan haɗin ga tushe mai iyo.
9. Kodayake kifin Whale yana kama da babban kifi, an yanka shi daban. Ana jan gawar akan bene. Masu raba suna amfani da wukake na musamman don yanke kunkuntar - kusan mitari - sassan kitse tare da fata. Ana cire su daga gawar tare da kayan ɗamara kamar yadda ake pege ayaba. Ana aika waɗannan rago nan da nan zuwa tukunyar jirgi don dumama. Man narkar da shi, a kan hanya, ya ƙare zuwa gaɓar tekun da ke isar da mai da kayayyaki ga rundunar. Sannan ana fitar da mafi mahimmanci daga mascara - spermaceti (duk da sunan halayen, yana cikin kai) da amber. Bayan wannan, an yanke naman, sannan kawai za a cire kayan ciki.
10. Naman kifin Whale ... da ɗan kaɗan. A cikin zane, yana da kama da naman sa, amma yana da ƙanshi sosai game da kitsen bawa. Koyaya, ana amfani dashi sosai a girkin arewa. Da dabara shine cewa kuna buƙatar dafa naman kifin kifi bayan dafaffen girki ko blanching, kuma kawai tare da wasu kayan ƙanshi. A yakin Soviet bayan yakin Soviet, an fara amfani da naman kifin kifi don ciyar da fursunoni, sannan kuma suka koyi yin abinci da gwangwani da shi. Koyaya, naman kifin kifi bai sami karbuwa sosai ba. Yanzu, idan kuna so, zaku iya samun naman kifi kifi da girke-girke don shirya shi, amma dole ne a tuna da cewa tekunan duniya suna da ƙazamta sosai, kuma kifayen whale suna kwararar da gurɓataccen ruwa mai yawa a cikin jiki yayin rayuwarsu.
11. A shekara ta 1820, wani bala'i ya faru a Kudancin Tekun Pacific, wanda za a iya bayyana shi da kalmomin Friedrich Nietzsche: idan kun dade kuna farautar kifin whale, su ma su ma farautar ku. " Jirgin ruwan kifi mai suna Essex, duk da shekarunsa da ƙarancin kayan aikin sa, ana ɗaukarsa mai sa'a sosai. Theungiyar matasa (kyaftin ɗin yana ɗan shekara 29, kuma babban mata yana 23) koyaushe yana yin balaguro mai fa'ida. Sa'a ta ƙare farat ɗaya a safiyar ranar 20 ga Nuwamba. Da farko dai, kwararar ruwa da aka samu a cikin kwale-kwalen, wanda daga ita aka fara amfani da whale din, kuma dole masu jirgin ruwa su yanke layin isar. Amma waɗannan furanni ne. Yayin da kwale -len whalebo ke zuwa Essex don gyarawa, wata katuwar (maharan da aka kiyasta tsawon sa ya kai mita 25 - 26). Whale ya nutsar da Essex tare da kai hare-hare biyu. Da kyar mutane suka sami damar ceton kansu da loda ƙananan abinci a cikin kwale-kwalen whale uku. Sun kasance kusan kilomita 4,000 daga ƙasa mafi kusa. Bayan wahala mai ban mamaki - a kan hanya sai sun ci gawarwakin 'yan uwansu da suka mutu - wasu jirgi masu kifayen teku ne suka dauke masu jirgin a watan Fabrairun 1821 daga gabar Kudancin Amurka. Takwas daga cikin ma’aikatan jirgin 20 sun tsira.
12. Whales da cetaceans sun zama manyan haruffa ko sakandare a cikin littattafan almara da fina-finai da yawa. Shahararren aikin adabi shi ne littafin Ba'amurke Herbert Melville "Moby Dick". Makircinsa ya ta'allaka ne da masifar whalers daga jirgin "Essex", amma sanannen littafin adabin Amurka ya sake yin bayani sosai game da labarin ma'aikatan jirgin da ruwan teku ya dushe. A cikin littafinsa, wanda ya haddasa bala'in shi ne babban kifin whale, wanda ya nutsar da jiragen ruwa da yawa. Kuma mahautan suka farautar sa domin ya rama wa 'yan uwansu da suka mutu. Gabaɗaya, zane na "Moby Dick" ya sha bamban da labarin mahaya daga "Essex".
13. Jules Verne shi ma bai damu da whale ba. A cikin labarin “Wasanni 20,000 A Karkashin Tekun,” an danganta halaye da yawa na haɗarin jirgin ruwa ga kifin whales ko na maniyyi, kodayake a gaskiya jirgin ruwan da Kyaftin Nemo ya nutsar da jiragen da jiragen ruwan. A cikin littafin "The Mysterious Island", jaruman da suka tsinci kansu a wani tsibiri da ba kowa a ciki an ba su wata taska ta hanyar kifin Whale, wanda harbi ya ji masa rauni kuma ya makale. Whale ya fi tsayin mita 20 kuma ya auna nauyin tan 60. "Tsibirin Mysterious", kamar sauran ayyukan Verne, bai yi ba tare da uzuri ba, idan aka yi la'akari da matakin cigaban kimiyya da fasaha a lokacin, ba daidai ba. Mazaunan tsibirin mai ban al'ajabi sun yi zazzabi kimanin tan 4 na kitse daga harshen kifaye. Yanzu sananne ne cewa dukkanin harshe yana da nauyi sosai a cikin manyan mutane, har ma kitse, idan aka fassara shi, yana rasa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawansa.
14. A farkon karni na 20, masarautar Davidson da suka yi farauta a Tufold Bay na Australiya sun zama abokai da maharbin kifin whale har ma sun bashi sunan Old Tom. Abota ta kasance mai amfani ga juna - Old Tom da garkensa sun kori whales a cikin ruwan, inda mahautan za su iya lalata shi ba tare da wahala da haɗarin rayuwa ba. A nuna godiya ga hadin kan da suka ba su, mahautan suka bai wa mahautan da suka kashe damar cin harshe da leɓun whale ba tare da ɗaukar gawar nan take ba. Davidsons sun rina kwale-kwalensu kore don rarrabe su da sauran jiragen ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, mutane da kifayen kifayen kifi sun taimaki juna a wajen farautar kifin kifi. Mutane sun taimaka wa mahalarta kisan don fita daga cikin raga, kuma mazaunan teku suna kiyaye mutanen da suka faɗo a cikin jirgin ko kuma ɓatar da kwale-kwalensu a cikin ruwa har sai taimakon ya zo. Da zarar Davidsons suka saci gawar whale bayan an kashe shi, abota ta ƙare. Tsohon Tom yayi ƙoƙari ya ɗauki rabonsa daga ganimar, amma an buge shi kawai da kai da oar. Bayan haka, garken sun bar bay har abada. Tsohon Tom ya dawo ga mutane shekaru 30 daga baya ya mutu. Yanzu haka an ajiye kwarangwal dinsa a gidan kayan tarihin gidan adnin.
15. A shekarar 1970, an zubar da wata gawar kifin kifi a gabar tekun Pacific na Amurka a Oregon. Bayan yan kwanaki, sai ya fara rubewa. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da basu da kyau a cikin aikin sarrafa kifin kwai shine ƙanshin mara daɗin mai da yawa. Kuma a nan babbar gawa ta bazu a ƙarƙashin tasirin abubuwan halitta. Hukumomin birnin Flowrence sun yanke shawarar amfani da wata hanyar tsattsauran ra'ayi ta tsabtace yankin bakin teku. Tunanin na wani ma'aikaci ne mai sauki Joe Thornton. Ya ba da shawarar yaga gawar tare da fashewar fashewar da aika shi zuwa cikin teku. Thornton bai taɓa aiki da abubuwan fashewa ba ko ma kallon fashewa. Koyaya, mutum ne mai taurin kai kuma bai saurari adawa ba. Idan muka kalli gaba, zamu iya cewa koda shekaru da yawa bayan faruwar lamarin, yayi imani cewa yayi komai daidai. Thornton ya sanya rabin ton na ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin gawar whale kuma ya hura su. Bayan yashi ya fara watsewa, sassan gawar kifin kifi sun faɗo kan 'yan kallon da suka yi nisa. Dukkanin masu lura da muhalli an haife su ne a cikin rigar - ba wanda ya ji rauni daga ragowar kifin whale. Maimakon haka, akwai wanda aka azabtar. Businessmanan kasuwar Walt Amenhofer, wanda ya ba da ƙarfin gwiwa ga Thornton daga shirinsa, ya zo bakin teku a cikin Oldsmobile, wanda ya saya bayan ya sayi taken talla. Ya karanta cewa: "Samu Whale na Deal a kan Sabuwar Tsohuwar Motar Motsi!" - "Sami rangwame a kan sabon sifa mafi girma kamar Oldsmobile!" Wani yanki na mascara ya fado kan sabuwar mota, yana murkushe ta. Gaskiya ne, hukumomin birni sun biya Amenhofer kuɗin motar. Kuma dole ne a binne ragowar kifin whale.
16. Har zuwa 2013, masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa kyanwa ba suyi bacci ba. Maimakon haka, suna bacci, amma ta wata hanya ta musamman - tare da rabin kwakwalwa. Sauran rabin yana farke yayin bacci, kuma don haka dabbar tana ci gaba da motsi. Koyaya, daga nan wasu gungun masana kimiyya wadanda suka yi nazari kan hanyoyin yin hijira na maniyyi sun sami mutane da dama suna bacci "a tsaye" a tsaye. Kan kawunan ruwan maniyyi ya makale daga cikin ruwan. Masu binciken da ba su da tsoro sun yi hanya zuwa tsakiyar fakitin kuma sun taɓa kifin whale ɗaya. Nan da nan gaba ɗayan rukunin suka farka, amma ba su yi ƙoƙari su kai hari kan jirgin masanan ba, kodayake gwanayen maniyyi ya shahara da zafin nama. Maimakon su kawo hari, sai garken kawai yayi iyo.
17. Whales na iya yin sautuka iri-iri. Yawancin sadarwar su da juna na faruwa ne a cikin yanayin mitar kaɗan, wanda ba a samun damar sauraron ɗan adam. Koyaya, akwai wasu banda. Yawanci suna faruwa ne a wuraren da mutane da kifayen kifi ke zaune kusa da juna. A can, kifayen kifayen kifayen kifayen ko kifayen dolphin suna kokarin yin magana a wata mitar da kunnen mutum zai iya samunta, har ma da samar da sautunan da ke kwaikwayon maganar mutum.
18. Keiko, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin labarin game da abota tsakanin yaro da kifi whale, "Free Willie", ya rayu cikin akwatin kifaye tun shekaru 2. Bayan fitowar shahararrun fina-finai a Amurka, an kafa kungiyar Free Willie Keiko. Lallai an saki whale mai kisa, amma ba kawai a sake shi cikin teku ba. An yi amfani da kuɗin da aka tara don sashin yanki na bakin teku a Iceland. Kogin da ke kan wannan rukunin an katange shi daga teku. Masu kula da haya na musamman sun zauna a bakin tekun. An kawo Keiko daga Amurka a cikin jirgin saman soja. Ya fara iyo kyauta da tsananin farin ciki. Jirgin ruwa na musamman ya tare shi a kan doguwar tafiya a wajen bakin ruwan. Wata rana hadari ya zo kwatsam. Keiko da mutane sun yi rashin juna. Whale mai kashewa kamar ya mutu. Amma shekara guda bayan haka, an ga Keiko a bakin tekun Norway, yana iyo a cikin garken kifin whale. Maimakon haka, Keiko ya ga mutane sai ya yi iyo a kansu. Garken suka tafi, amma Keiko ya zauna tare da mutanen.Ya mutu a ƙarshen 2003 daga cutar koda. Yana da shekaru 27.
19. Abubuwan tunawa ga whale a tsibirin Tobolsk na Rasha (daga inda Tekun da ke kusa da shi ya ɗan faɗi ƙasa da kilomita 1,000) da Vladivostok, a cikin Ajantina, Isra’ila, Iceland, Holland, a tsibirin Samoa, a cikin Amurka, Finland da Japan. Babu ma'ana a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihin dolphin, akwai su da yawa.
20. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 1991, an hangi zabiya a gabar tekun Ostireliya. An bashi sunan "Migalu" ("White guy"). Tabbas shine kawai kifin kifin na zabiya a duniya. Hukumomin Ostiraliya sun hana kusantar da shi kusa da mita 500 ta ruwa da mita 600 ta iska (don kifin whales na yau da kullun, nisan da aka hana shi ne mita 100). A cewar masana kimiyya, an haifi Migalu a 1986. Yana tashi kowace shekara daga gabar New Zealand zuwa Australia a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙaura na gargajiya. A lokacin bazara na 2019, ya sake tafiya zuwa gabar tekun Australia kusa da Port Douglas. Masu binciken suna kula da asusun Twitter na Migalu, wanda ke sanya hotunan zabiya a kai a kai. A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin, 2019, an saka hoton wata karamar zabiya whale a Twitter, da alama tana iyo kusa da mahaifiya, tare da taken "Wanene mahaifinka?"
