A ranar 5 ga watan Yulin 1943, aka fara yakin basasa mai girma - Yakin Kursk Bulge. A cikin tsaunuka na Yankin Baƙin Duniya na Rasha, miliyoyin sojoji da dubun dubunnan raka'a na ƙasa da na iska sun shiga cikin yaƙin. A cikin yaƙin da ya ɗauki tsawon wata ɗaya da rabi, Red Army sun sami nasarar yi wa sojojin Hitler mummunar dabarun yaƙi.
Har zuwa yanzu, masana tarihi ba su iya rage yawan mahalarta da asarar ƙungiyoyin zuwa adadi kaɗan ko kaɗan. Wannan kawai yana jaddada girma da tsananin yaƙe-yaƙe - har ma da Jamusawa tare da kayan aikinsu wani lokacin ba sa jin lissafin, yanayin ya canza da sauri. Kuma kasancewar kawai ƙwarewar janar-janar na Jamus da ragwancin takwarorinsu na Soviet sun ba da dama ga yawancin sojojin Jamusawa don kauce wa shan kaye, kamar yadda yake a Stalingrad, ba ya rage mahimmancin wannan nasarar ga Red Army da ɗaukacin Soviet Union.
Kuma ranar ƙarshen yakin Kursk - 23 ga Agusta - ta zama Ranar ofaukaka ta Soja ta Rasha.
1. Tuni shirye-shiryen kai hare-hare a kusa da Kursk ya nuna yadda Jamus ta gaji har zuwa 1943. Maganar ba ma tilasta shigo da Ostarbeiters da yawa ba ne kuma ba ma gaskiyar cewa matan Jamusawa sun tafi aiki (ga Hitler ba rashin nasara ce ta ciki sosai). Ko da shekaru 3-4 da suka gabata, Babbar Jamus a cikin shirye-shiryenta ta ƙwace jihohi gaba ɗaya, kuma ana aiwatar da waɗannan tsare-tsaren. Jamusawa sun kai hari ga Tarayyar Soviet tare da yajin ƙarfi daban-daban, amma a duk faɗin iyakar ƙasar. A cikin 1942, sojojin sun sami ƙarfin bugawa, duk da cewa suna da ƙarfi sosai, amma reshe na gaba. A cikin 1943, yajin aiki ta amfani da kusan dukkanin ƙarfi da fasaha ta zamani an tsara shi ne kawai a kan kunkuntar tsiri, wanda aka rufe ta gaba da Soviet ɗaya da rabi. Babu makawa Jamus ta raunana koda tare da cikakken aiki na ƙarfi a cikin Turai duka ...
2. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, saboda sanannun dalilai na siyasa, an bayyana rawar da jami'an leken asirin ke takawa a Babban Yaƙin hasasa, musamman ta hanyar da ta dace. Shirye-shiryen da umarnin na Jamusanci sun fado kan teburin Stalin kusan kafin Hitler ya sanya musu hannu, da sauransu. 'Yan leken asirin, ya bayyana, sun kuma kirga Yaƙin Kursk. Amma kwanakin ba sa juyewa. Stalin ya tara janar-janar don ganawa a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1943. Kwanaki biyu, Babban Kwamandan ya bayyana wa Zhukova, Vasilevsky da sauran shugabannin sojojin abin da yake so daga gare su a yankin Kursk da Orel. Kuma Hitler ya sanya hannu kan wata doka don shirya kai hari a cikin wannan yankin kawai a kan Afrilu 15, 1943. Kodayake, ba shakka, akwai magana game da cin fuska kafin hakan. Wasu bayanai sun ɓullo, an canja shi zuwa Moscow, amma babu wani tabbataccen abu a ciki. Ko da a taron da aka yi a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, Field Marshal Walter Model ya yi magana dalla-dalla game da harin gaba ɗaya. Ya ba da shawarar jira don ci gaban Red Army, tare da shi da fatattakar abokan gaba tare da kai hari. Kawai rarrabuwa Hitler ne ya kawo ƙarshen rikicewa da ruɗewa.
3. Umurnin Soviet ya yi babban shiri don kai harin na Jamus. Sojoji da 'yan ƙasa da abin ya shafa sun ƙirƙira kariya har zuwa zurfin kilomita 300. Wannan kusan tazarar daga kewayen gari na Moscow zuwa Smolensk, wanda aka haƙa ta ramuka, ramuka kuma an watsa shi da ma'adinai. Af, ba su yi nadamar ma'adinan ba. Matsakaicin nauyin hakar ma'adinai ya kasance mintuna 7,000 a kowace kilomita, ma'ana, kowane mita na gaba an rufe shi da mintuna 7 (tabbas, ba su kasance a layi ɗaya ba, amma an yi zurfin zurfin su, amma adadin har yanzu yana da ban sha'awa). Shahararrun bindigogi 200 a kowace kilomita kilomita na gaba har yanzu suna nesa, amma sun sami damar tara bindigogi 41 a kowace kilomita. Shirye-shiryen kare Kursk Bulge yana haifar da girmamawa da baƙin ciki. A cikin 'yan watanni, kusan a cikin ɗan tudu, an ƙirƙiri tsaro mai ƙarfi, wanda a zahiri, Jamusawa suka tsunduma cikin damuwa. Abu ne mai wahala a iya tantance gaban mai tsaron, tunda yana da karfi a duk inda zai yiwu, amma bangarorin da suka fi fuskantar barazanar suna tare da gaba gaba daya a kalla kilomita 250-300. Amma a farkon Yakin Patan rioasa, muna buƙatar ƙarfafa kilomita 570 kawai na iyakar yamma. A cikin kwanciyar hankali, samun albarkatun duka USSR. Wannan shine yadda janar-janar suka shirya don yaƙi ...
4. 'Yan awanni kaɗan kafin 5:00 na ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1943,' yan bindigar Soviet sun gudanar da horo na ba da horo - luguden wuta kan wuraren da aka sake ganowa a baya da tarin dakaru da kayan aiki. Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da tasirinsa: daga mummunan lahani ga abokan gaba zuwa rashin amfani da bawo. A bayyane yake cewa a gaba tsawon ɗaruruwan kilomita, manyan bindigogi ba za su iya yin tasiri daidai ko'ina ba. A cikin yankin tsaro na Central Front, shirye-shiryen manyan bindigogi sun jinkirta kai harin da aƙalla awanni biyu. Wato, Jamusawa basu da awanni masu hasken rana da awanni biyu. A cikin tsiriyyar Voronezh Front, an motsa manyan makaman makiya a ranar jajibirin harin, don haka bindigogin Soviet suka yi harbi kan tarin kayan aiki. A kowane hali, horo na ba da horo ya nuna wa janar-janar na Jamus cewa takwarorinsu na Soviet ba su san kawai wurin ta'addancin ba, har ma da lokacinsa.
5. Sunan "Prokhorovka", tabbas, sananne ne ga duk wanda ya san ko ya san tarihin Babban Yaƙin rioasa. Amma wani tashar jirgin ƙasa, Ponyri, wanda ke cikin yankin Kursk, bai cancanci girmamawa ba. Jamusawa sun kai mata hari na tsawon kwanaki, suna fama da babbar asara koyaushe. Wasu lokuta sun yi nasarar kutsawa cikin ƙauyen, amma hare-hare da sauri sun dawo da halin da ake ciki. Sojoji da kayan aiki sun kasance a karkashin Ponyri da sauri cewa a cikin gabatarwar don kyaututtukan da mutum zai iya samu, alal misali, sunayen masu bindigogi daga bangarori daban-daban da suka yi irin wannan rawar a kusan wuri guda tare da bambancin kwanaki da yawa - kawai an maye gurbin batirin da wani. Rana mai mahimmanci a ƙarƙashin Ponyri ta kasance 7 ga Yuli. Akwai kayan aiki da yawa, kuma ya kone - da kuma gidajen da ke waje - da yawa ta yadda masu saitin Soviet ba su damu da binne ma'adinai ba - kawai ana jefa su ne a karkashin hanyoyin manyan tankuna. Kuma washegari, aka yi yaƙi, wanda ya zama na gargajiya - 'yan bindigar Soviet sun bar Ferdinands da Tigers, waɗanda ke tafiya a cikin sahun farko na harin Jamusawa, ta hanyar sake kamanni. Da farko dai, an yanke wani abu mai sulke daga manyan masu nauyi na Jamus, sannan kuma sabon labarin ginin tanki na Jamusawa ya shiga filin hakar ma'adinai ya lalata shi. Jamusawan sun sami nasarar kutsawa cikin tsaron sojojin da Konstantin Rokossovsky ya umarta, kilomita 12 ne kawai.
6. Yayin yakin a fuskar kudu, wani aikin kirkin da ba za a iya misalta shi ba kawai bangarorinsu da kuma wasu bangarorinsu, galibi an kirkiresu, amma kuma ba a tsammaci bayyanar abokan gaba, inda ba za su iya kasancewa ba. Kwamandan daya daga cikin rundunonin da ke kare Prokhorovka ya tuno da yadda yakinsu, da ke cikin rakiyar fada, ya hallaka sojojin abokan gaba hamsin. Jamusawan sun bi cikin daji ba tare da sun ɓuya ba kwata-kwata, don haka daga ofishin kwamandan suka tambaya ta waya me ya sa masu gadin ba su yi harbi ba. An ba Jamusawa damar kusantar da kowa da kowa. Irin wannan yanayin tare da alamar alama an ɓullo akan 11 Yuli. Shugaban ma’aikatan brigade tank da kuma shugaban sashen siyasa na kungiyar tanka sun koma tare da taswira a cikin motar fasinja ta cikin yankin “nasu”. An yi wa motar kwanton bauna, an kashe jami'ai - sun yi tuntuɓe a kan matsayin kamfanin ƙarfafa abokan gaba.
7. Kariyar da Red Army ta shirya bata baiwa Jamusawa damar amfani da abin da suka fi so ba na sauya akalar babban harin idan aka sami turjiya mai karfi. Madadin haka, an yi amfani da wannan dabarar, amma ba ta yi aiki ba - bincika tsaron, Jamusawan sun yi asara mai yawa. Kuma lokacin da har yanzu suka sami damar kutsawa ta layin farko na kariya, basu da abin jefawa cikin nasarar. Wannan shine yadda Field Marshal Manstein ya rasa nasararsa ta gaba (littafinsa na farko na abubuwan da yake tunawa dashi shine ake kira "Lost Nasara"). Bayan an jefa shi cikin yaƙi a Prokhorovka duk ƙarfin da yake da shi, Manstein ya kusan samun nasara. Amma umarnin Soviet ya sami dakaru biyu don yaƙi, yayin da Manstein da babban kwamandan Wehrmacht ba su da komai daga ajiyar kuɗi. Bayan sun tsaya kusa da Prokhorovka na kwana biyu, Jamusawa suka fara birgima kuma da gaske sun dawo cikin hankalinsu dama hannun dama na Dnieper. Attemptsoƙarin zamani don gabatar da yaƙin a Prokhorovka a matsayin kusan nasara ga Jamusawa suna da ban dariya. Leken asirinsu ya rasa kasancewar aƙalla sojoji biyu masu ajiyar abokan gaba (a zahiri sun fi yawa). Daya daga cikin manyan kwamandojinsu ya shiga yakin tanki a cikin fili, wanda Jamusawa ba su taba yi ba - sosai Manstein ya yi imani da "Panthers" da "Tigers". Mafi kyawun rarrabuwa na Reich ya zama ba zai iya faɗa ba, a zahiri an sake ƙirƙira su ne sabuwa - waɗannan sakamakon yaƙin ne a Prokhorovka. Amma a fagen, Jamusawa sun yi gwagwarmaya cikin fasaha kuma sun yi asara mai yawa ga Red Army. Janar Pavel Rotmistrov's Guards tank tank sun yi asarar tankuna fiye da wadanda suke cikin jerin - an gyara wasu tankokin da aka lalata, aka sake jefa su cikin yaki, aka sake fitar da su, da dai sauransu.
8. A lokacin yakin kare yakin Kursk, an kewaye manyan samfuran Soviet aƙalla sau huɗu. Gabaɗaya, idan kuka tara, akwai sojoji masu yawa a cikin injinan tukunyar jirgi. Koyaya, wannan ya kasance ba 1941 ba - kuma kewaye da ƙungiyoyi sun ci gaba da yaƙi, suna mai da hankali kan kaiwa ga nasu, amma kan ƙirƙirar kariya da lalata abokan gaba. Takardun ma'aikatan Bajamushe sun kawo kararraki na harin kunar bakin wake a kan tankunan Jamus da sojoji marasa aure dauke da makamai na Molotov, tarin gurneti, har ma da nakiyoyin tanki.
9. Hali na musamman wanda ya halarci yakin Kursk. Idaya Hyacinth von Strachwitz a Yaƙin Duniya na ,aya, yayin wani hari da aka kai a bayan Faransa, ya kusan zuwa Paris - ana ganin babban birnin Faransa ta hanyar hangen nesa. Faransawan sun kama shi sun kusan rataye shi. A cikin 1942, kasancewarsa Laftanar kanar, ya kasance a sahun gaba na sojojin Paulus da ke ci gaba kuma shi ne na farko da ya isa Volga. A cikin 1943, imentungiyar infananan thean ƙira ta Countwararrun Countwararrun erwararru sun ci gaba nesa sosai daga fuskar kudu ta Kursk Bulge zuwa Oboyan. Daga tsayi da rundunarsa ta kama, ana ganin Oboyan ta hanyar hangen nesa kamar yadda Paris ta taɓa yi, amma von Strachwitz bai isa garin da ke cikin akwatin ba na Rasha da babban birnin Faransa.
10. Saboda tsananin da tsananin yakin a kan Kursk Bulge, babu cikakken lissafin asarar. Kuna iya aiki da tabbaci tare da adadi daidai ga dubun tanki da dubunnan mutane. Hakanan, kusan ba zai yuwu a tantance tasirin kowane makami ba. Maimakon haka, mutum na iya tantance rashin dacewar - babu igiyar Soviet ɗaya "Panther" da ta hau kan gaba. 'Yan tanki da manyan bindigogi dole su kauce don buga manyan tankuna daga gefe ko baya. Saboda haka, irin wannan adadi mai yawa na kayan aiki. Ba daidai ba, ba wasu sabbin bindigogi masu ƙarfi ba ne suka taimaka, amma bazuwar bawo masu nauyin kilogram 2,5 kawai. Mai tsara TsKB-22 Igor Larionov ya kirkiro da shirin PTAB-2.5 - 1.5 (adadin duka bam ɗin da fashewar abubuwa bi da bi) a farkon 1942. Janar-janar, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ta, sun kawar da muggan makamai. Sai kawai a ƙarshen 1942, lokacin da ya zama sananne cewa sabbin tankoki masu nauyi sun fara shiga sabis tare da sojojin Jamusawa, ƙwararrun masu tunanin Larionov sun fara kera abubuwa da yawa. Ta hanyar umarnin mutum na JV Stalin, an dakatar da amfani da PTAB-2.5 - 1.5 har zuwa yakin Kursk Bulge. Kuma a nan faya-fayayen sun girbe girbi mai kyau - bisa ga wasu ƙididdiga, Jamusawa sun yi asarar rabin tankinsu daidai saboda bama-bamai da aka kai wa jirgin sama hari a kan ginshiƙai da wuraren da dubun dubatar mutane suke. A lokaci guda, idan Jamusawa sun iya dawo da 3 daga cikin tankuna 4 da harsashi ya buga, to bayan da PTAB ta buge tankin nan da nan ya shiga asarar da ba za a iya sakewa ba - cajin da aka ƙera ya ƙona manyan ramuka a ciki. Mafi tasirin PTAB shine SS Panzer Division "Shugaban Mutuwa". A lokaci guda, da gaske ba ta ma isa fagen fama ba - matukan jirgin Soviet sun fidda tankoki 270 da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu daidai a kan hanya da kuma tsallaka wani ƙaramin kogi.
11. Jirgin saman Soviet na iya kusanci Yaƙin Kursk, wanda ba shi da shiri. A lokacin bazara na 1943, matukan jirgin soja sun sami nasarar wucewa zuwa I. Stalin. Sun nunawa Mafificin gutsurar jirgin tare da kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliyar da aka ƙwace gaba ɗaya (to jirgin sama da yawa ya ƙunshi firam na katako, wanda aka liƙa shi da zane mara ƙyalli). Kamfanonin kera jiragen sun tabbatar da cewa suna gab da gyara komai, amma lokacin da sakamakon lalatacciyar jirgin sama ya kai gomman mutane, sojoji sun yanke shawarar kin yin shiru. Ya zama cewa an ba da samfurin share fage mai ƙarancin haske ga masana'antar da ke aikin manyan yadudduka na musamman. Amma dole ne mutane su cika shirin kuma ba su sami hukunci ba, don haka suka manna jirage tare da aure. An aika birgediya na musamman zuwa yankin Kursk Bulge, wanda ya sami nasarar maye gurbin murfin a jirgin sama 570. Wasu motocin 200 ba su da batun sabuntawa. An ba da izinin jagorancin Commissariat na Jama'ar Masana'antar Jiragen Sama ya yi aiki har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin kuma "an takura shi ba bisa doka ba" bayan ƙarshenta.
12. Harin yaƙin Jamusawa "Citadel" a hukumance ya ƙare a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1943. Sojojin Burtaniya da Amurka sun sauka a kudancin Italiya, suna barazanar bude bakin daga na biyu. Sojojin Italiya, kamar yadda Jamusawa suka waye sosai bayan Stalingrad, sun kasance abin dogaro sosai. Hitler ya yanke shawarar canza wani bangare na sojojin daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Gabas zuwa Italiya. Koyaya, ba daidai bane a ce saukar jirgin saman Hadin gwiwar ya ceci Red Army akan Kursk Bulge. A wannan lokacin, ya riga ya bayyana cewa Citadel ba zai iya cimma burinta ba - don fatattakar rukunin Soviet kuma aƙalla sake tsara umarni da iko na ɗan lokaci. Saboda haka, Hitler ya yanke shawarar dakatar da fadace-fadace na cikin gida da kuma adana sojoji da kayan aiki.
13. Matsakaicin da Jamusawan suka cimma shine shiga cikin kariyar sojojin Soviet tsawon kilomita 30 - 35 akan fuskar kudu na Kursk Bulge kusa da Prokhorovka. Matsayi a cikin wannan nasarar an yi shi ta ƙididdigar kuskuren umarnin Soviet, wanda ya yi imanin cewa Jamusawa za su buge babbar fushin fuskar arewa. Koyaya, koda irin wannan nasarar ba ta da mahimmanci, kodayake akwai rumbunan ajiyar sojoji a yankin Prokhorovka. Jamusawa ba su taɓa shiga sararin aiki ba, suna wuce kowane kilomita tare da fadace-fadace da asara. Kuma irin wannan nasarar ta fi hadari ga maharan fiye da na masu karewa - ko da kuwa ba karfi mai karfi da aka samu a tushe na nasarar zai iya yanke hanyoyin sadarwa da haifar da barazanar kewayewa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Jamusawa, bayan taka ƙafa a wurin, suka juya baya.
14. Tare da yakin Kursk da Orel suka fara raguwar aikin shahararren mai tsara jirgin sama dan kasar Jamus Kurt Tank. Luftwaffe ya yi amfani da jirgin sama guda biyu da Tank din ya kirkira: "FW-190" (babban mayaki) da "FW-189" (jirgin sama mai hangen nesa, sanannen "firam"). Mai gwagwarmaya yana da kyau, duk da cewa yana da nauyi, kuma yana da tsada fiye da sauƙin mayaƙa. "Rama" ya yi aiki sosai don gyare-gyare, amma aikinsa ya yi tasiri ne kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin fifikon iska, wanda Jamusawa ba su da shi tun bayan yaƙin kan Kuban. Tankin ya ɗauki aikin ƙirƙirar mayaƙan jirgin sama, amma Jamus ta sha kashi a yaƙin, babu lokacin jirgin sama. Lokacin da masana'antar jirgin sama ta Jamus suka fara farfaɗowa, ƙasar ta riga ta kasance memba ta NATO, kuma an ɗauki Tank a matsayin mai ba da shawara. A shekarun 1960, Indiyawa ne suka dauke shi aiki. Har ila yau tankar ta samu nasarar kirkirar jirgin sama mai dauke da sunan "Ruhun hadari", amma sabbin masu daukar aikin sun gwammace su sayi MiG na Soviet.
15. Yaƙin Kursk, tare da na Stalingrad, ana iya ɗauka wani juyi ne a Babban Yaƙin rioasa. Kuma a lokaci guda, zaku iya yin ba tare da kwatantawa ba, wane yaƙi ne "juyi". Bayan Stalingrad, Soviet da duniya duka sun yi imani cewa Red Army na da ikon murkushe sojojin Hitler. Bayan Kursk, ya zama a ƙarshe ya bayyana cewa kayen da aka yiwa Jamus a matsayin ƙasa lokaci ne kawai. Tabbas, har yanzu akwai sauran jini da mutuwa a gaba, amma gabaɗaya, Mulkin na Uku bayan da aka halaka Kursk.
