Zomayen gidan dangin kurege sun kasance cikin gida fiye da duk manyan dabbobi da tsuntsaye. An yi imanin cewa farautar zomaye ta fara ne a ƙarni na 5 zuwa 3 kafin haihuwar Yesu. e., Lokacin da mutum ya riga ya shayar da duka agwagwa da geese, ba ma maganar aladu, dawakai da kaji. Don haka makamar gida na waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi masu fa'ida, waɗanda ke ba da kyakkyawar fur da nama mai kyau, an bayyana shi kawai - babu buƙata. A dabi'a, zomaye suna rayuwa a cikin kaburai wuri guda, ba tare da yin ƙaura ba ko'ina. Suna samo abinci da kansu, suna hayayyafa kuma suna haihuwar ɗiyan kwata kwata kwata da kansu, babu buƙatar saba musu da komai. Don samun naman zomo, ya kamata kawai ka tafi daji ko makiyaya inda masu kunnuwa ke rayuwa, kuma tare da taimakon na'urori masu sauƙi, kamo duk yadda kake buƙata.
Da gaske, an fara kiwon zomaye a sikelin masana'antu kawai a cikin karni na 19, lokacin da alamun farko na yawaitar mutane suka bayyana a Turai, kuma samar da abinci ya fara zama a baya bayan ƙaruwar bakin da ke son wannan abincin. Kodayake, duk da yawan zomo da ke da shi, ƙaramin girman su da rashin lafiyar su bai ba zomo damar ɓarkewa ba har zuwa matakin nama na biyu. Komai ya dogara ne akan aikin injiniya - da irin aikin da yake da shi yafi sauri da sauki a yanka gawar alade ko saniya fiye da sarrafa gawar zomaye 50 - 100, kuma kusan mawuyaci ne a sarrafa mahautan zomayen. Saboda haka, koda a kasashen da suka ci gaba, ana kirga yawan cin naman zomo a cikin daruruwan gram kowane mutum a shekara.
Zomaye da dabbobin ado suna da ƙaramin alkuki. Anan, kiwo da zabi sun fara ne a karni na ashirin, kuma a hankali zomaye kamar dabbobi suna samun karbuwa, duk da rikitacciyar kulawa da yanayi mai wahala. Smallananan, dabbobi masu keɓaɓɓu na musamman sukan zama ainihin familyan uwa.
Ci gaba da maganganun masu raha wanda ya sanya hakora a kan cewa zomaye ba gashin tsada ne kawai ba, har ma da nama, bari muyi ƙoƙari mu fayyace abin da waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin ke da sha'awa.
1. Nazarin kwayar halitta ya nuna cewa duk kanzon kurege na Turai na yanzu zuriya ce da ta rayu dubun dubatan shekaru da suka gabata a yankunan Arewacin Afirka na yanzu, Spain da kudancin Faransa. Kafin abin da ya faru na Ostiraliya, lokacin da zomaye da kansu suka ninka a kan ɗaruruwan dubban murabba'in kilomita, an yi amannar cewa zomayen sun bazu a duk Turai da Ingila ta wakilan manyan aji, waɗanda ke kiwon dabbobi don farauta. Bayan Ostiraliya, yana yiwuwa a ɗauka cewa a cikin wasu yanayi na yanayi zomaye sun yaɗu ko'ina cikin nahiyar Turai ba tare da sa hannun mutum ba.
2. Abin da ake kira "Zamanin Duhu" - lokacin tsakanin faduwar Daular Roman ta Gabas da ƙarni na X-XI - su ma suna cikin zomo. Tsakanin bayani game da kiwo na zomaye don nama a tsohuwar Rome da kuma bayanan farko na zomayen zomaye a cikin tarihin da, akwai kusan Millennium.
3. Lokacin da ake kiwo a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, zomaye suna haɓakawa da haihuwa cikin sauri. Koma ɗaya daga cikin zomo mace a kowace shekara na iya ba har zuwa kawunan 30 na zuriya tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na ƙarancin matasa har zuwa kilogiram 100. Wannan kwatankwacin kitsen alade daya, yayin da naman zomo ya fi lafiya fiye da naman alade, kuma tasirin kwazon haihuwa da ci gaban kananan dabbobi na ba da damar shirya wani abu na rudani, ba tare da daskarewa da kiyayewa ba, cin naman zomo a duk tsawon shekara.
4. Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nama, naman zomo ne wanda yake da kima ta fuskar abinci. Babban abun cikin kalori (200 Kcal a cikin 100 g) tare da babban furotin (fiye da 20 g a 100 g) da kuma mai ƙarancin mai (game da 6.5 g) suna sanya naman zomo ya zama ba makawa saboda cututtukan hanjin ciki, rashin lafiyar abinci, matsaloli tare da biliary fili. Naman Rabbit yana da matukar tasiri azaman abinci ga marasa lafiya da raunana ta mummunar rauni da cututtuka. Ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin B6, B12, C da PP. Naman Zomo na dauke da sinadarin phosphorus, iron, cobalt, manganese, potassium da fluorine. Relativelyarancin ƙananan cholesterol da kasancewar lecithins suna hana ci gaban atherosclerosis.
5. Duk da cewa an san darajar naman zomo gabaɗaya, amma ya kasance kayan masarufi a duk duniya (ban da Iran, inda gabaɗaya aka hana cin zomo saboda dalilai na addini). Lambobi suna nuna wannan da kyau: a cikin China, wanda ke samar da 2/3 na naman zomo a duniya, a cikin 2018, tan dubu 932 ne na wannan naman. Matsayi na biyu a duniya shine DPRK - tan dubu 154, na uku Spain - 57,000 tan. A cikin Rasha, yawancin naman zomo yafi mayar da hankali ne a cikin makirce-makirce na sirri, don haka yawanci an kiyasta su. An yi imanin cewa a cikin 2017, Rasha ta samar da kusan tan dubu 22 na naman zomo (a cikin 1987, wannan adadi ya kai tan dubu 224). Idan aka kwatanta da miliyoyin tan na naman alade ko naman sa, wannan hakika, ƙarami ne.
6. Oneayan mashahuran mutanen gwamnatin USSR ya ce kowane bala'i yana da suna, suna da sunan uba. Tabbas, yana tunanin bala'in masana'antu, amma yana yiwuwa a kafa masu laifi a cikin manyan masifu, da alama na halitta ne. A watan Oktoba 1859, wani Tom Austin, wanda ya mallaki manyan filaye a jihar Victoria ta Ostiraliya, ya saki wasu zomaye goma sha biyu. A cikin mahaifarsa ta Ingila, wannan mutumin ya saba da farautar wasan mai kunnuwa, kuma ya yi kewar abubuwan sha'awarsa a Australia sosai. Kamar yadda ya dace da mai mulkin mallaka na gaske, Austin ya tabbatar da son zuciyarsa ta fa'idodin jama'a - za a sami ƙarin nama, kuma zomayen ba za su iya yin wata cuta ba. A tsakanin shekaru 10, yalwar abinci, rashin cikakkiyar makiya makiya da yanayi mai dacewa ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa zomaye sun zama bala'i ga mutane da yanayi. Miliyoyin suka kashe su, amma dabbobi sun yawaita, suna korar ko lalata halittun asalinsu, har ma da sauri. Don kariya daga zomaye, an gina shinge masu tsayin kilomita fiye da 3,000 - a banza. Gabaɗaya, myxomatosis ne kawai ya ceci Australiya daga zomaye - cuta mai saurin yaduwa wacce annoba ce ga masu kiwon zomo na Turai. Amma har ma da wannan mummunar cutar ta taimaka ne kawai don taƙaita ƙaruwar jama'a - zomayen Australiya da sauri suka haɓaka rigakafi. A cikin shekarun 1990, an yi amfani da abin da Louis XIV zai kira "Hujjar Lastarshe ta Mutane" - masanan kimiyya da gangan sun yi ɓarna da kuma ba da rigakafin zazzaɓin jini a cikin zomaye. Wannan cutar tana da saurin canzawa da rashin tabbas wanda ba za a iya faɗin irin sakamakon da ya gabatar ba. Abin rarrashin kawai shine cewa an dauki wannan matakin ba don jin dadi ba, amma don ceto. Lalacewa daga sha'awar Tom Austin don farauta bashi yiwuwa a tantance. Tabbatacce ne kawai cewa bayyanar zomaye ya canza fure da fauna na Ostiraliya. Queensland har yanzu tana da tarar $ 30,000 don kiyaye koda zomo na ado.
7. Bambanci tsakanin zomayen daji da na gida yana ta fuskoki da dama musamman na masarautar dabbobi. Misali, a cikin daji, zomaye ba sa rayuwa sama da shekara guda. Zomayen cikin gida suna rayuwa a matsakaita na tsawon shekaru, kuma wasu masu riƙe da rikodi sun rayu har zuwa 19. Idan muka yi magana game da nauyi, zomayen asali suna da nauyin nauyin sau 5 fiye da takwarorinsu na daji. Sauran dabbobin ba za su iya yin alfahari da irin wannan fifiko a kan takwarorinsu na daji ba. Hakanan, an rarrabe zomaye da yawan numfashi (50 - 60 numfashi a kowane dakika cikin kwanciyar hankali kuma har zuwa numfashi 280 tare da tsananin tashin hankali) da bugun bugun jini (har zuwa 175 beats a minti ɗaya).
8. Amfani da naman zomo ana bayar dashi ba kawai ta hanyar abun da yake dashi ba a farkon, don haka yayi magana, kusanci. Tare da kwatankwacin abin da ke cikin furotin a naman sa da naman zomo, jikin mutum yana cinye 90 - 95% na furotin daga naman zomo, yayin da kusan kashi 70% na furotin ya shanye kai tsaye daga naman shanu.
9. Duk zomo yan iska ne. Wannan fasalin saboda yanayin abincinsu ne. Wasu daga cikin najasar zomo na gina jiki ne a jikin da jiki yake bukata. Sabili da haka, yayin aikin farko na abinci, ana fitar da abubuwa marasa amfani, ana cire su daga jiki yayin yini. Kuma da daddare, ana cire taki daga jikin zomo, sinadarin gina jiki zai iya kaiwa kashi 30%. Ya sake zuwa abinci.
10. Ba wai kawai naman zomo yana da daraja ba, har ma da na ciki (ba kitse mai subcutaneous ba, amma wanda yake da alama ya lullube gabobin ciki). Wannan kitsen abu ne mai matukar tasirin ilimin halittar jiki kuma yana dauke da mahadi masu amfani da yawa wadanda suke karfafa aikin kusan dukkanin gabobin mutane. Ana amfani da kitse na ciki na zomo don cututtukan hanyoyin numfashi, maganin raunin purulent da ƙaiƙayi akan fata. Hakanan ana amfani dashi sosai wajen samar da kayan shafawa. A cikin tsarkakakkiyar sigarsa, yana sanya fata kyau sosai kuma yana kiyaye ta daga kumburi da sanyi. Iyakar abin da ake hanawa shi ne kumburin mahaɗan ko gout. Kitsen ciki na zomo na dauke ne da sinadarin purine, wanda daga shi urea yake, wanda yake da matukar cutarwa ga irin wadannan cututtukan, za'a iya samar dashi.
11. Idan mukayi magana akan zomayen daji, to sama da rabin adadin mutanen duniya baki daya suna rayuwa a Arewacin Amurka. Kusan zomayen cikin gida ba su da bambanci da wasu a zahiri, amma suna gudanar da rayuwa ta musamman. Ba su taɓa tono wa kansu ramuka ba, suna jin daɗi a wuraren dausayi, suna iyo da kyau, wasu na iya yawo cikin ƙetaren bishiyoyi. Kusan duk zomayen Amurka suna rayuwa su kadai, a cikin wannan suna kama da zomo. A sauran duniya, zomaye suna rayuwa ne kawai cikin burrow da cikin rukuni.
12. Don girman su - har zuwa rabin mita a tsayi da nauyin kilogiram 2 - zomayen daji suna da kyau kwarai da gaske. Zasu iya tsalle mita daya da rabi a tsayi, rufe nisan mita 3 a tsalle kuma suyi hanzari zuwa 50 km / h. Blowarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ƙafafun baya biyu, yana ƙare da ƙafafu masu kaifi, wani lokacin yakan ba zomo damar tserewa daga mai cin nasara mai cin nasara.
13. Wani lokaci zaka iya samun bayanin cewa idan aka kyale zomaye suka hayayyafa babu jujjuyawa, to nan da 'yan shekaru zasu cika Duniya baki daya. A zahiri, wannan lissafi ne na lissafi, kuma har ma ya dogara da ƙimar haihuwar zomaye tare da kiwo na wucin gadi. Masana kimiyya wadanda suka kwashe shekaru suna kallon zomayen daji sun lura cewa zomaye basa haihuwa kamar yadda suke a daji. Yawan haifuwa yana tasiri ne ta hanyoyi da dama, kuma zomo daya zai iya haihuwa 10 kuma zomo daya ne kawai a shekara. A cikin kyakkyawan Australiya da New Zealand, mata kan ba da lalatattun 7 a kowace shekara, kuma a tsibirin San Juan, wanda yayi kama da yanayi da ciyayi, lokacin kiwo baya karewa koda na watanni uku, kuma zomo daya yana ba da litar 2 - 3 a kowace shekara.
14. Zomaye suna da matukar damuwa da dabbobi masu rauni. Ba don irin ikon da suke da shi ba na iya haifuwa ba, da tuni sun shuɗe tuntuni a duniyar da mutane suke zaune kusa da su. Yana da wuya akwai wasu dabbobin a cikin yanayi waɗanda za su iya mutuwa a zahiri daga ƙaramin firgita. Boas da sauran macizai ba sa hana zomo - suna daskarewa da tsoro. A lokacin da a shekarar 2015, a mahaɗar kan iyakokin Vietnam, Laos da Cambodia, an gano wani nau'in, wanda daga baya ake kira "Annam raƙumi mai taguwar Annam", masana kimiyya ba su yi mamakin abin da ya samo ba - sun haɗu da gawawwakin wannan zomo a kasuwannin gida kafin. Masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu sun yi mamakin cewa zomaye sun wanzu a yankin da macizai ke ciki a zahiri. 'Yan uwansu na gida suna tsoron abin da aka zana da zafin rana, sun yi yawa sosai kuma suna da ƙarancin zafi, kuma har ma sun haƙura sosai da sauyawa daga wani nau'in abinci zuwa wani. Jerin cututtukan da zomo mai kwalliya ke saurin kamuwa da su ya dauki akalla rabin kowane littafi game da kulawa da su.
15. Duk da raunin da suke da shi, hatta zomayen gida, ba a sa musu ido ba, na iya yin abubuwa da yawa. Abu mafi cutarwa shine abubuwa tsage da kuma alamun rayuwa. Amma wayoyi, kayan daki, da zomo na iya wahala idan ya sami wani abu daga jerin abincin da aka hana, misali, gyada mai gishiri. Bugu da kari, samarin zomaye ba sa yaba da tsayin da za su tsallake shi. Wani lokaci, ba tare da kirga wannan tsayin ba, zasu iya faɗuwa da baya a bayansu kuma su mutu saboda rauni ko damuwa mai zafi.
16. Wataƙila sanannen aikin adabin duniya tare da kalmar “zomo” a cikin taken shi ne labarin marubucin Ba'amurke John Updike, "Rabbit, Run," wanda aka buga a 1960. Labarin mai wahalarwa na shafi dubu na ɗan wasan kwando da ke neman kansa tsakanin alaƙar da mata biyu ya taimaka wajen sakin mazan jiya Amurkawa. Sun ga a cikin littafin farfaganda na haramtacciyar dangantakar aure - jarumi, yayin aiwatar da aikin, ya shiga kyakkyawar alaƙa da mata biyu. A waɗannan shekarun a cikin Amurka, kuna iya samun lokacin kurkuku don wannan. Updike ya ba wa halinsa laƙabi "Zomo" saboda bayyanarsa - leben sama na Harry Angstrom ya ɗaga don bayyana haƙoransa na sama na sama - amma, zuwa mafi girma, saboda rashin yanke hukunci, kusan yanayin matsorata. Yakin neman dakatar da littafin "Gudun Zomo" ya kasance nasara ga Updike. Littafin ya zama mafi kyawun kasuwa, an yi fim, marubucin ya ƙirƙiri ƙarin abubuwa huɗu. Kuma sun yi kokarin hana "Zomo" a wasu jihohin Amurka a shekarun 1980s.
17. "Rabbit Great International" - wannan shine sunan gasar shekara-shekara na zomaye kuma daga baya ya haɗu da hamsters, aladun guiwa, beraye da ɓeraye, wanda aka gudanar a cikin British Harrogate. Wadannan gasa ana kiran su da gaske Wasannin Olympics. Zomo yana yin fiye da gudu da tsalle. Jwararrun masu yanke hukunci na musamman na kimanta yanayin waje, kyawun halaye da saurin aiki. Gasa a cikin Harrogate kamar wata gasa ce ta masu fada aji a kan asalin tseren zomo a Burgess Hill tun daga 1920s. A can, zomayen da suka horar da kansu kawai suna tsere tare da nisa tare da cikas na wani lokaci, kuma amfani da warin dabbobin daji ana daukar su a matsayin kwayoyi - zomaye dole ne su yi gasa kawai da son ran su, don neman biyan bukata, kuma ba wai don tsoron masu cin nama ba.
18. Masanin tarihin Ingilishi David Chandler ya bayyana halin da Napoleon Bonaparte da kansa ya tsere daga zomaye. Bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Tilsit, Napoleon ya yanke shawarar shirya babban farautar zomo. A waccan lokacin, ba a dauki zomaye a matsayin babban ganimar farauta ba, za a iya harbi mai kunnuwa biyu kawai ga kamfanin zuwa wasan "babba". Koyaya, ba a yarda da ƙalubalantar umarnin sarakuna ba. Shugaban ofishin Bonaparte na sirri, Alexander Berthier, ya ba da umarnin mutanensa su kama zomaye da yawa - da yawa. Saboda karancin lokaci, ƙananan waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin Berthier sun ɗauki hanyar mafi ƙarancin juriya. Sun sayi zomaye daga manoman ƙasar. Akwai abin kunya - zomayen da aka saki daga kejinsu a farkon farautar ba su fara watsewa zuwa ɓangarorin ba, suna maye gurbin kansu ƙarƙashin harsasai, amma sun gudu zuwa wurin mutane. Tabbas, don zomayen gida, mutum ba abokin gaba bane, amma tushen abinci ne. Chandler ɗan Ingilishi ne, ya bayyana abin da ya faru ne kawai a matsayin abin ban dariya - zomayensa sun afka wa Napoleon da ginshiƙai biyu masu haɗuwa, da dai sauransu. A zahiri, sarki, wanda ya fusata da hargitsi da zomayen da ke samun ƙafa, kawai ya tafi zuwa Paris.
19. Zomayen Uwa, musamman matasa, wani lokacin baza su yarda da sabon zuriya ba. A lokaci guda, ba kawai suna watsi da jariran da suka bayyana ba, amma suna watsa su a cikin kejin kuma suna iya cin ƙananan zomaye. Tsarin wannan halayyar ba shi da cikakken fahimta. An lura cewa mafi yawancin lokuta iyaye mata ne ke aikata hakan, wanda okrol itace farkonsu - kawai basu fahimci cewa matsayinsu ya canza ba. Zai yiwu kuma cewa bunny ɗin yana iya fahimtar cewa an haife bunn ɗin ƙanana da rauni, kuma damar rayuwarsu ba ta da yawa.Aƙarshe, halayen zomo na iya rinjayar da abubuwan waje - iska mai sanyi, sauti mai ƙarfi, kusancin mutane ko masu farauta. A ka'ida, ana iya ceton jarirai daga mahaifiyarsu ta hanyar dasa musu wani zomo. Koyaya, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da sauri, daidai da ƙwarewa.
20. Duk da kyawawan halaye da halaye na wasa, zomaye ba kamar yadda wasu dabbobi ke zama abun dubawa ga masu zane-zane ba. Babu shakka fitattun taurarin sune Bugs Bunny (da masoyiyarsa Bonnie) daga Warner Bros. da Walt Disney's Oswald Rabbit. Duk duniya ta san da Roger zomo daga ban dariya mai ban dariya "Wanene ya tsara Roger Rabbit?", Richard Williams ne ya kirkireshi. Sauran shahararrun zomayen da ke motsa rai ba komai bane face 'yan wasan kwaikwayon, kamar Zomo daga tarihin tatsuniyoyi game da Winnie the Pooh da abokansa.
