David Gilbert (1862-1943) - Bajamushen lissafi na duniya, ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban fannoni da yawa na lissafi.
Memba na wasu makarantun kimiyya daban-daban, kuma mai lambar yabo ta. N.I Lobachevsky. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana lissafi a cikin tsaransa.
Hilbert shine marubucin cikakken tsarin ilimin lissafin halittar Euclidean da ka'idar wuraren Hilbert. Ya bayar da gagarumar gudummawa ga ka'idar canzawa, algebra gama gari, lissafin lissafi, daidaitattun daidaito, da ginshiƙan lissafi.
Akwai abubuwan ban sha'awa da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwar Gilbert, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin David Hilbert ne.
Tarihin rayuwar Gilbert
An haifi David Hilbert a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1862 a garin Konigsberg na Prussia. Ya girma a gidan Alkali Otto Gilbert da matarsa Maria Teresa.
Ban da shi, iyayen Dauda suna da yarinya mai suna Eliza.
Yara da samari
Ko da yake yaro, Hilbert yana da sha'awar ainihin ilimin kimiyya. A 1880 ya sami nasarar kammala karatun sakandare, bayan haka ya zama dalibi a Jami'ar Königsberg.
A jami'a, David ya sadu da Herman Minkowski da Adolf Hurwitz, waɗanda suka yi amfani da lokacin hutu da yawa.
Mutanen sun gabatar da mahimman tambayoyi masu mahimmanci dangane da lissafi, suna ƙoƙarin nemo amsoshinsu. Sau da yawa suna yin abin da ake kira "tafiyar lissafi", yayin ci gaba da tattauna batutuwan da suke sha'awa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce a nan gaba Hilbert, bisa tsari, zai ƙarfafa ɗalibansa yin irin wannan yawo.
Ayyukan kimiyya
A lokacin da yake da shekaru 23, David ya iya kare rubuce-rubucensa kan ka'idar masu canzawa, kuma bayan shekara guda ya zama farfesa a fannin lissafi a Konigsberg.
Mutumin ya kusanci koyarwa da duk wani nauyi. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya bayyana kayan ga ɗalibai yadda ya kamata, sakamakon haka ya sami suna a matsayin ƙwararren malami.
A cikin 1888, Hilbert ya yi nasarar warware "matsalar Gordan" sannan kuma ya tabbatar da kasancewar tushe ga kowane tsarin masu canzawa. Godiya ga wannan, ya sami shahara sosai tsakanin masana lissafin Turai.
Lokacin da David yake kimanin shekaru 33, ya sami aiki a Jami'ar Göttingen, inda ya yi aiki kusan har zuwa mutuwarsa.
Ba da daɗewa ba masanin ya wallafa littafin nan mai taken "Rahoto kan Lambobi", sannan kuma "Tushen Geometry", wanda aka fahimta a duniyar kimiyya.
A cikin 1900, a ɗayan majalisun dokoki na duniya, Hilbert ya gabatar da sanannen jerin matsalolin 23 da ba a warware su ba. Wadannan matsalolin za a tattauna su sosai ta hanyar masana lissafi cikin karni na 20.
Namijin yakan shiga tattaunawa tare da wasu masu tunani, ciki har da Henri Poincaré. Yayi jayayya cewa duk wata matsala ta lissafi tana da mafita, sakamakon haka ya gabatar da shawarar inganta ilimin kimiyyar lissafi.
Tun daga 1902, an dankawa Hilbert matsayin babban edita na babban wallafe-wallafen ilimin lissafi "Mathematische Annalen".
Bayan fewan shekaru daga baya, David ya gabatar da wani ra'ayi wanda ya zama sananne da sararin Hilbert, wanda ya daidaita sararin Euclidean zuwa yanayin girman-iyaka. Wannan ra'ayin ya ci nasara ba kawai a cikin lissafi ba, har ma a sauran kimiyyar kimiyya.
Tare da barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya (1914-1918), Hilbert ya soki ayyukan sojojin Jamusawa. Bai ja da baya daga matsayinsa ba har zuwa karshen yakin, wanda ya samu girmamawa daga abokan aikinsa a duniya.
Masanin kimiyyar Bajamushen ya ci gaba da aiki tuƙuru, yana buga sabbin ayyuka. A sakamakon haka, Jami'ar Göttingen ta zama ɗayan manyan cibiyoyin lissafi a duniya.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwarsa, David Hilbert ya fitar da ka'idar masu canzawa, ka'idar lambobin algebraic, ka'idar Dirichlet, ta inganta ka'idar Galois, kuma ta magance matsalar Waring a ka'idar lamba.
A cikin 1920s, Hilbert ya kasance mai sha'awar dabarun lissafi, yana haɓaka ingantacciyar ka'idar hujja mai ma'ana. Koyaya, daga baya ya yarda cewa ka'idarsa tana buƙatar aiki mai tsanani.
David yana da ra'ayin cewa ilimin lissafi yana buƙatar cikakkiyar tsari. A lokaci guda, ya kasance mai adawa da yunƙurin da masana ke yi na sanya ƙuntatawa kan kerawar lissafi (alal misali, don hana ka'idar da aka kafa ko akidar zabi).
Irin waɗannan maganganun na Bajamushe sun haifar da mummunan tashin hankali a cikin ƙungiyar masana kimiyya. Yawancin abokan aikin sa sun soki ka'idar shaidar sa, suna kiran ta da ilimin kimiyyar kimiyya.
A kimiyyar lissafi, Hilbert ya kasance mai goyan bayan tsattsauran ra'ayi. Daya daga cikin muhimman dabarun sa a ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ana daukar shi ne ya samo asali ne daga lissafin lissafi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa waɗannan ƙididdigar sun kasance suna da sha'awa ga Albert Einstein, sakamakon haka duka masana kimiyya suke cikin wasiƙar aiki. Musamman, a cikin batutuwa da yawa, Hilbert ya sami babban tasiri a kan Einstein, wanda a nan gaba zai tsara sanannen ka'idarsa game da dangantaka.
Rayuwar mutum
Lokacin da David yake ɗan shekara 30, ya auri Kete Erosh a matsayin matarsa. A cikin wannan auren, an haifi ɗa tilo, Franz, wanda ya sha wahala daga rashin hankalin da ba a gano shi ba.
Intelligencearancin hankali na Franz ya damu Hilbert sosai, da kuma matarsa.
A cikin samartakarsa, masanin ya kasance memba na cocin Calvinist, amma daga baya ya zama masanin kimiyyar zuhudu.
Shekarun da suka gabata da mutuwa
Lokacin da Hitler ya hau mulki, shi da mukarrabansa sun fara kawar da yahudawa. A dalilin wannan, an tilasta wa malamai da malamai da yawa waɗanda asalinsu yahudawa suka gudu zuwa ƙasashen waje.
Da zarar Bernhard Rust, Ministan Ilimi na Nazi, ya tambayi Hilbert: "Yaya ilimin lissafi a Göttingen yanzu, bayan ta kawar da tasirin yahudawa?" Cikin bakin ciki Hilbert ya amsa: “Lissafi a Göttingen? Ba ta nan. "
David Hilbert ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1943 a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II (1939-1945). Babu mutane da yawa da suka zo don ganin tafiya ta ƙarshe ta babban masanin.
A jikin dutsen kabarin lissafi shi ne abin da ya fi so: “Dole ne mu sani. Zamu sani. "
Hoton Gilbert
