Henry Alfred Kissinger (sunan haihuwa - Heinz Alfred Kissinger; an haife shi a shekara ta 1923) wani ba'amurke ne, ɗan diflomasiyya, kuma masanin alaƙar ƙasa da ƙasa.
Mai ba da Shawara kan Tsaron Kasa na Amurka (1969-1975) da Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka (1973-1977). Lambar yabo ta Nobel Peace Prize.
Kissinger ya zama na farko a cikin jerin manyan masu ilimin TOP-100 a duniya dangane da yawan ambato a kafofin watsa labarai, wanda alkalin Chicago Richard Posner ya tattara.
Akwai tarihin gaskiya mai yawa na Kissinger, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan labarin.
Don haka, a gabanku gajeriyar tarihin Henry Kissinger.
Tarihin rayuwar Kissinger
An haifi Henry Kissinger a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1923 a garin Fürth na ƙasar Jamus. Ya girma kuma ya tashi cikin gidan addinin yahudawa. Mahaifinsa, Louis, malamin makaranta ne, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Paula Stern, tana aikin kula da gida da kuma renon yara. Yana da kane, Walter.
Yara da samari
Lokacin da Henry yake kimanin shekara 15, shi da iyalinsa suka yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka, suna tsoron tsanantawa daga 'yan Nazi. Yana da kyau a lura cewa uwa ce ta dage akan ta bar Jamus.
Kamar yadda ya bayyana daga baya, dangin Kissinger da suka rage a Jamus za a hallaka su yayin Holocaust. Bayan sun isa Amurka, dangin suka zauna a Manhattan. Bayan ya yi karatu na shekara guda a wata makarantar yankin, Henry ya yanke shawarar canzawa zuwa sashen maraice, saboda ya sami aiki a kamfanin da ake samar da goge goge.
Bayan ya sami takardar sheda, Kissinger ya zama ɗalibi a Kwalejin Karamar Hukumar, inda ya ƙware da ƙwarewar akawu. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II (1939-1945), an kira wani yaro ɗan shekara 20 don aiki.
A sakamakon haka, Henry ya tafi gaban ba tare da kammala karatunsa ba. Yayin da yake ba da horo na soja, ya nuna babban wayewa da tunani na dabara. Umurninsa da yaren Jamusanci ya taimaka masa aiwatar da wasu manyan ayyukan leken asiri.
Bugu da kari, Kissinger ya nuna kansa a matsayin jarumi soja wanda ya halarci yaƙe-yaƙe masu wahala. Saboda ayyukansa, an bashi lambar sajan. A lokacin da yake aiki a fagen hangen nesa, ya sami damar binciko wasu jami'an Gestapo da kuma gano masu zagon kasa da yawa, wanda aka ba shi kyautar tauraron tagulla.
A watan Yunin 1945, Henry Kissinger ya sami matsayi na babban kwamanda. Shekarar da ta biyo baya, an sanya shi koyarwa a Makarantar Leken Asiri, inda ya yi aiki na wata shekara.
Bayan ya kammala aikin soja, Kissinger ya shiga Harvard College, daga baya ya zama Bachelor of Arts. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce takaddar ɗalibin - "Ma'anar Tarihi", ya ɗauki shafuka 388 kuma an amince da shi azaman mafi ƙarancin kundin rubutu a tarihin kwalejin.
A lokacin tarihin rayuwar 1952-1954. Henry ya sami M.A da Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Harvard.
Ayyuka
A matsayinsa na dalibi, Kissinger ya damu da manufofin kasashen waje na Amurka. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ya shirya taron karawa juna sani a jami'ar.
Ya samu halartar shugabannin matasa daga kasashen Turai da Amurka, wadanda suka bayyana ra'ayoyin adawa da gurguzu kuma suka yi kira da a karfafa matsayin Amurka a fagen duniya. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa ana yin irin wannan taron karawa juna sani cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa.
Alibin mai hazaka ya zama mai sha'awar CIA, wanda ke ba Kissinger taimakon kuɗi. Bayan ya kammala jami'a, ya fara koyarwa.
Ba da daɗewa ba, aka zaɓi Henry ya zama Shugaban Gwamnati. A cikin wadannan shekarun ya kasance cikin ci gaban Tsarin Bincike na Tsaro. An yi niyya ne don ba da shawara ga manyan hafsoshi da jami'ai.
Kissinger shi ne darektan wannan shirin daga 1958 zuwa 1971. A lokaci guda, an ba shi amanar mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Gudanar da Ayyuka. Bugu da kari, ya kasance a Majalisar Kula da Tsaron Makaman Nukiliya, kasancewarsa daya daga cikin kwararrun masana a wannan fannin.
Sakamakon aikinsa a Kwamitin Tsaron Kasa shi ne littafin "Makaman Nukiliya da Manufofin Kasashen Waje", wanda ya kawo wa Henry Kissinger farin jini sosai. Ya kamata a lura cewa yana adawa da duk wata babbar barazanar.
A ƙarshen shekaru 50, aka buɗe Cibiyar Hulɗa da Internationalasashen Duniya, waɗanda ɗalibanta ke da damar zama politiciansan siyasa. Henry yayi aiki a nan kimanin shekaru 2 a matsayin mataimakin manajan. Bayan fewan shekaru kaɗan, shirin ya kafa tushen kafa NATO.
Siyasa
A cikin babbar siyasa, Henry Kissinger ya tabbatar da cewa ƙwararren ɗan ƙwararre ne, wanda Gwamnan New York Nelson Rockefeller, da Shugabannin Eisenhower, Kennedy da Johnson suka saurari ra'ayinsa.
Bugu da kari, mutumin ya shawarci membobin Kwamitin hadin gwiwa, da Kwamitin Tsaron Kasa na Amurka da Hukumar Kula da Makamai ta Amurka. Lokacin da Richard Nixon ya zama Shugaban Amurka, ya sanya Henry na hannun damansa cikin tsaron ƙasa.
Kissinger ya kuma yi aiki a hukumar ta Rockefeller Brothers Foundation, yana aiki a hukumar bankin Chase Manhattan. Babbar nasarar da jami'in diflomasiyyar ya samu ita ce tabbatar da dangantaka tsakanin manyan kasashe uku - Amurka, USSR da PRC.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa China ta yi iya kokarin ta dan magance rikicin nukiliya tsakanin Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet. A karkashin Henry Kissinger ne aka sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tsakanin shugabannin USSR da USA game da rage manyan makaman.
Henry ya tabbatar da cewa shi mai kiyaye zaman lafiya ne a lokacin rikici tsakanin Falasdinu da Isra'ila a 1968 da 1973. Ya yi duk ƙoƙari don kawo ƙarshen rikicin Amurka da Vietnam, wanda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Nobel ta Duniya (1973).
A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, Kissinger ya shagaltu da batutuwan da suka shafi kafa alaƙa a ƙasashe daban-daban. A matsayinsa na hazikin jami'in diflomasiyya, ya iya warware wasu batutuwa masu rikitarwa wadanda suka taimaka wajen kwance damara.
Effortsoƙarin Henry ya haifar da ƙirƙirar ƙawancen da ke adawa da Soviet-Amurka da China, wanda ya ƙara ƙarfafa matsayin Amurka a fagen duniya. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin Sinawa ya ga babbar barazana ga kasarsa fiye da ta Russia.
A shekarun baya na tarihinsa, Kissinger ya kasance a cikin fadar shugaban kasa a matsayin sakataren harkokin waje a karkashin Richard Nixon da Gerald Ford. Ya bar aikin gwamnati ne kawai a cikin 1977.
Ba da daɗewa ba Ronald Reagan da George W. Bush suka buƙaci ilimi da gogewar jami'in diflomasiyyar, waɗanda suka nemi samun fahimtar juna tare da Mikhail Gorbachev.
Bayan murabus
A karshen shekarar 2001, na tsawon makonni 2.5, Henry Kissinger ya shugabanci kwamitin bincike kan harin ta’addancin 11 ga Satumba, 2001. A 2007, tare da sauran abokan aikinsa, ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke neman Majalisar Amurka da kada ta amince da kisan kiyashin Armeniya.
Henry Kissinger shine marubucin littattafai da yawa da labarai game da Yakin Cacar Baki, tsarin jari hujja, kwaminisanci da kuma batun siyasa. A cewarsa, za a cimma nasarar samar da zaman lafiya a duniya ta hanyar ci gaban dimokiradiyya a dukkan jihohin duniya.
A farkon karni na 21, takardu da yawa sun bayyana wanda ke nuna cewa Henry yana da hannu a shirya aikin musamman na Condor, a lokacin da aka kawar da jami'an adawa daga kasashen Kudancin Amurka. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, wannan ya haifar da kafa mulkin kama karya na Pinochet a cikin Chile.
Rayuwar mutum
Matar Kissinger ta farko ita ce Ann Fleicher. A cikin wannan auren, ma'auratan sun sami ɗa, David, da yarinya, Elizabeth. Bayan shekaru 15 da aure, ma'auratan sun yanke shawarar saki a cikin 1964.
Shekaru goma bayan haka, Henry ya auri Nancy Maginness, wacce a baya ta yi aiki kimanin shekaru 15 a kamfanin tuntuba na mijinta na nan gaba. A yau ma'auratan suna zaune a wani gida mai zaman kansa a Connecticut.
Henry Kissinger a yau
Jami’in diflomasiyyar ya ci gaba da ba manyan jami’ai shawara. Ya kasance memba na girmamawa na sanannen Bilderberg Club. A cikin 2016, an shigar da Kissinger a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha.
Bayan Tarayyar Rasha ta hade Kirimiya, Henry ya yi Allah wadai da ayyukan Putin, inda ya bukace shi da ya amince da ‘yancin Ukraine.
Hotunan Kissinger
